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Poplawski T, Galita G, Sarnik J, Macieja A, Bielski R, Mencer DE, Witczak ZJ. New N-Adducts of Thiadiazole and Thiazoline with Levoglucosenone and Evaluation of Their Significant Cytotoxic (Anti-Cancer) Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:216. [PMID: 38201645 PMCID: PMC10777969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The conjugate N-adducts of thio-1,3,4-diazole and 2-thiazoline with levoglucosenone were synthesized via a stereoselective, base-catalyzed conjugate N-Michael addition to levoglucosenone at C-4. Structural assignments were established using 1H and 13C NMR analysis, and X-ray single-crystal analysis for one of the compounds. The biological properties of the novel compounds were tested on a cell model. Cytotoxicity was analyzed via colorimetric assay. Two distinct types of cell death, apoptosis and necrosis, were analyzed by determining the phosphatidylserine levels from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, caspase activation, and lactate dehydrogenase release. We also evaluated DNA damage using an alkaline comet assay. The level of oxidative stress was measured with a modified comet assay and an H2DCFDA probe. The thio-1,3,4-diazole adduct (FCP23) and the 2-thiazoline adduct (FCP26) exhibit similar cytotoxicity values for cancer cells (ovarian (A2780), breast (MCF-7), cervix (HeLa), colon (LoVo), and brain (MO59J and MO59K)), but their mechanism of action is drastically different. While FCP23 induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and necrosis, FCP26 induces apoptosis through caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sarnik
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University, 90-050 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Macieja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Roman Bielski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA;
| | - Donald E. Mencer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA;
| | - Zbigniew J. Witczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA;
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Klepp J, Bousfield T, Cummins H, Legendre SVAM, Camp JE, Greatrex BW. Oxa-Michael-initiated cascade reactions of levoglucosenone. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1457-1462. [PMID: 36300013 PMCID: PMC9577383 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions of aromatic aldehydes and levoglucosenone promoted by methoxide gives bridged α,β-unsaturated ketones, formed by a series of oxa-Michael-initiated cascade reactions in yields of up to 91% (14 examples). A complex series of equilibria operate during the reaction, and the formation of the bridged species is thermodynamically favored, except in the case of 5-methylfurfural and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde. This is the first report detailing this type of aldol/Michael cascade involving oxa-Michael initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klepp
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Thomas Bousfield
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Cummins
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sarah V A-M Legendre
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Jason E Camp
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Ben W Greatrex
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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Saragai S, Kudo S, Sperry J, Ashik UPM, Asano S, Hayashi JI. Catalytic deep eutectic solvent for levoglucosenone production by pyrolysis of cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126323. [PMID: 34785333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the selective production of the versatile bio-based platform levoglucosenone (LGO) using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as catalysts during cellulose pyrolysis. Among 18 types of DESs examined, those containing p-toluenesulfonic acid as a hydrogen bond donor possessed the requisite thermal stability for use in the pyrolysis of cellulose. When those DESs were combined with cellulose, the pyrolysis temperature could be reduced which led to greater selectivity for LGO, the highest yield being 41.5% on a carbon basis. Because of their thermal stability, the DESs could be recovered from the pyrolysis residue and reused. The DESs recovery reached 97.9% in the pyrolysis at a low temperature with the LGO yield of 14.0%. Thus, DES-assisted cellulose pyrolysis is a promising methodology for LGO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouya Saragai
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; Transdisciplinary Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- Center for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - U P M Ashik
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shusaku Asano
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; Transdisciplinary Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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Tsai YH, Borini Etichetti CM, Cicetti S, Girardini JE, Spanevello RA, Suárez AG, Sarotti AM. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel levoglucosenone derivatives as promising anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127247. [PMID: 32527547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of levoglucosenone-derived 1,2,3-triazoles and isoxazoles featuring a flexible spacer between the heteroaromatic and anhydropyranose cores have been designed and synthesized following an hetero Michael // 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition path. The use of a design of experiments approach allowed the optimization of the oxa-Michael reaction with propargyl alcohol as nucleophile, a key step for the synthesis of the target compounds. All of the compounds were tested for their anticancer activity on MDA-MB-231 cells, featuring mutant p53. The results highlighted the importance of the introduction of the flexible spacer as well as the higher activity of oxa-Michael isoxazole-derivatives. The most prominent compounds also showed anti-proliferative activities against lung and colon cancer cell lines. The compounds showed enhanced cytotoxic effects in the presence of mutant p53, determined both by endogenous mutant p53 knock down (R280K) and by reintroducing p53 R280K in cells lacking p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Carla M Borini Etichetti
- Instituto Fisiología Experimental de Rosario (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Soledad Cicetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Javier E Girardini
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rolando A Spanevello
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Suárez
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
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Abstract
Efficient conditions have been developed for the diastereoselective aziridination of the biomass pyrolysis product (−)-levoglucosenone, via the reaction of primary aliphatic amines with 3-iodolevoglucosenone. In contrast to the reactions of aliphatic amines, the use of 4-methoxyaniline resulted in an aza-Michael-initiated dimerisation reaction, and 1,3-diphenylurea gave a 2-imidazolidinone. The aziridine products were transformed using the aza-Wharton reaction, affording novel sulfonamide and amine-substituted 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-enes with potential as sp3-rich chiral scaffolds.
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