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Eckart-Frank IK, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Palladium-Catalyzed Trans-Selective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Cyclobutanes Using α,α-Dialkylcrotyl- and Allylhydrazones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18591-18597. [PMID: 37552631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the use of E/Z mixtures of α,α-disubstituted crotylhydrazones to obtain spirocyclic vinylcyclobutanes in a diastereoselective fashion. We show 24 examples of a 1,1-insertion/4-exo-trig tandem process to produce these motifs. Additionally, spirocyclic alkylidene cyclobutanes can be obtained by using α,α-disubstituted allylated hydrazones (11 examples). In this study, we show that the aryl migrating group has a dramatic impact on the course of the reaction. Specifically, allylic C-H insertion products can be obtained in good yields using bromoenones as reaction partners. When Pd(0) is used with no aryl or alkenyl bromide, an intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction takes place to afford [2.1.0]-bicycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah K Eckart-Frank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Garlets ZJ, Boni YT, Sharland JC, Kirby RP, Fu J, Bacsa J, Davies HML. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Extended C 4–Symmetric Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Garlets
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yannick T. Boni
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jack C. Sharland
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Randall P. Kirby
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiantao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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He Y, Huang Z, Wu K, Ma J, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2759-2852. [PMID: 35297455 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization has been emerging as a powerful method to establish carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Many efforts have been devoted to transition-metal-catalyzed direct transformations of C-H bonds. Metal carbenes generated in situ from transition-metal compounds and diazo or its equivalents are usually applied as the transient reactive intermediates to furnish a catalytic cycle for new C-C and C-X bond formation. Using this strategy compounds from unactivated simple alkanes to complex molecules can be further functionalized or transformed to multi-functionalized compounds. In this area, transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds has been paid continuous attention. Diverse catalyst design strategies, synthetic methods, and potential applications have been developed. This critical review will summarize the advance in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds dated up to July 2021, by the categories of C-H bonds from aliphatic C(sp3)-H, aryl (aromatic) C(sp2)-H, heteroaryl (heteroaromatic) C(sp2)-H bonds, alkenyl C(sp2)-H, and alkynyl C(sp)-H, as well as asymmetric carbene insertion to C-H bonds, and more coverage will be given to the recent work. Due to the rapid development of the C-H functionalization area, future directions in this topic are also discussed. This review will give the authors an overview of carbene insertion chemistry in C-H functionalization with focus on the catalytic systems and synthetic applications in C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Soam P, Gaba H, Mandal D, Tyagi V. A Pd-catalyzed one-pot cascade consisting of C-C/C-O/N-N bond formation to access benzoxazine fused 1,2,3-triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9936-9945. [PMID: 34739023 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01539g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed one-pot cascade consisting of C-C/C-O/N-N bond formation to access clinically important fused 1,2,3-triazoles using N-aryl-α-(tosylhydrazone)acetamides with isocyanide has been developed. Besides, various substitutions on the N-aryl part of acetamides along with different isocyanides show good compatibility in this protocol. Next, two plausible mechanistic routes were proposed; however, one of the routes was more favourable which involved the formation of a benzoxazine ring first followed by the realization of a triazole ring. Additionally, the more favourable mechanistic route was investigated using DFT studies which suggests that the formations of a Pd(II)-isocyanide complex and α-diazoimino intermediates were key steps in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Soam
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Hashmita Gaba
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Debasish Mandal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India.
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Solé D, Amenta A, Campos C, Fernández I. Iron-promoted dealkylative carbene aminocyclization of δ-arylamino-α-diazoesters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2167-2176. [PMID: 33496297 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel methodology to access N-aryl proline derivatives using amino-tethered α-diazoesters and cheap, readily available iron salts. Mechanistically, the aminocyclization reaction involves the initial formation of an iron-carbene complex followed by a nucleophilic attack of the aniline nitrogen atom to give an ammonium ylide intermediate, which finally undergoes the iron-promoted dealkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arianna Amenta
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campos
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Site Selectivity in Pd-Catalyzed Reactions of α-Diazo-α-(methoxycarbonyl)acetamides: Effects of Catalysts and Substrate Substitution in the Synthesis of Oxindoles and β-Lactams. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193551. [PMID: 31575030 PMCID: PMC6803982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed intramolecular carbene C–H insertion of α-diazo-α-(methoxycarbonyl)acetamides to prepare oxindoles as well as β-lactams was studied. In order to identify what factors influence the selectivity of the processes, we explored how the reactions are affected by the catalyst type, using two oxidation states of Pd and a variety of ligands. It was found that, in the synthesis of oxindoles, ((IMes)Pd(NQ))2 can be used as an alternative to Pd2(dba)3 to catalyze the carbene CArsp2–H insertion, although it was less versatile. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the Csp3–H insertion leading to β-lactams can be effectively promoted by both Pd(0) and Pd(II) catalysts, the latter being most efficient. Insight into the reaction mechanisms involved in these transformations was provided by DFT calculations.
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Solé D, Amenta A, Bennasar M, Fernández I. Palladium‐ and Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbene C
Ar
−H Functionalization of γ‐Amino‐α‐diazoesters for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines. Chemistry 2019; 25:10239-10245. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'AlimentacióUniversitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII 27–31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arianna Amenta
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'AlimentacióUniversitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII 27–31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - M.‐Lluïsa Bennasar
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'AlimentacióUniversitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII 27–31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en, Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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Solé D, Amenta A, Bennasar ML, Fernández I. Grubbs catalysts in intramolecular carbene C(sp 3)-H insertion reactions from α-diazoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1160-1163. [PMID: 30632555 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Grubbs catalysts are described as a useful alternative to promote intramolecular carbene C-H insertion from α-diazoesters. Moreover, no competition arises from the possible metathesis reactions on substrates bearing alkene and alkyne moieties. DFT calculations were also carried out to gain insight into the reaction mechanism involved in these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arianna Amenta
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M-Lluïsa Bennasar
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
During the past century, β-lactams have been identified as the core of penicillin and since then several strategies have been developed for their synthesis.
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