1
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Jat PK, Badsara SS. Rapid Access to Triarylmethanes (TRAMs) Enabled by Direct Electrolysis of Indolizines with Carbonyls. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39147725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
A fast, scalable, transition metal-free, electrochemical sp2 geminal functionalization of carbonyls enabled by anodic oxidation of non-prefunctionalized chromone-fused indolizines to access the triarylmethanes (TRAMs) is disclosed for the first time. This momentary electrochemical approach features the use of readily available carbonyls, implantation of the C(sp3) center (well-known for dramatically improving biological active potency), a broad substrate scope, and excellent yields of TRAMs with fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari Jat
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
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2
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Sahoo SR, Singh VK. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Naphthols with In Situ Generated Naphthol-Derived ortho-Quinone Methides: Synthesis of Chiral and Achiral Xanthene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36866580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein an enantioselective protocol for the Brønsted acid catalyzed addition of naphthols to in situ generated naphthol-derived ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs) followed by intramolecular cyclization, which delivers substituted chiral xanthene derivatives, in a one-pot reaction sequence under mild conditions. This process serves to convert naphthol-derived ortho-hydroxyl benzylic alcohols into reactive naphthol-derived o-QMs using a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyst. Moreover, it is helpful in controlling the enantioselectivity of the carbon-carbon bond-forming event via hydrogen-bonding followed by intramolecular cyclization. Additionally, for the first time, we observe a Brønsted acid catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond cleavage of naphthol-derived ortho-hydroxyl benzylic alcohols for the synthesis of achiral xanthene (sigma plane containing) derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushree Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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3
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Roy D, Thakare RP, Chopra S, Panda G. Aromatic or Hetero-aromatic Directly Attached Tri and Tetrasubstituted Methanes: New Chemical Entities as Anti-Infectives. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:974-998. [PMID: 36017850 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220823111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tri and Tetra-substituted Methanes (TRSMs) are a significant structural motif in many approved drugs and prodrugs. There is increasing use of TRSM units in medicinal chemistry, and many derivatives are specifically designed to make drug-target interactions through new chemical space around TRSM moiety. In this perspective, we describe synthetic challenges for accessing a range of functionalized selective TRSMs and their molecular mechanism of action, especially as anti-infectives. Natural anti-infectives like (+)-Bionectin A, B, (+)-Gliocladine C, Balanocarpol having TRSMs selectively and effectively bind to target proteins in comparison to planar motif having more sp2 carbons perhaps due to conformation which reduces the penalty for conformational entropy with the enhancement of three-dimensionality. Properties of repurposed TRSMs like Almitrine, Ifenprodil, Baricitinib and Remdesivir with their recent progress in COVID-19 therapeutics with their mode of action are also delineated. This perspective is expected to deliver a user guide and reference source for scientists, researchers and academicians in pursuing newly designed TRSMs as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Roy
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, Gautam Panda, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Ritesh P Thakare
- Division of Microbiology, Sidharth Chopra, CSIRCentral Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, Sidharth Chopra, CSIRCentral Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, Gautam Panda, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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The effective interactions of fuchsine and Pararosaniline as two bioactive compounds in different solvent media: A comparative study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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5
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Burra AG, Uredi D, Motati DR, Fronczek FR, Watkins EB. Remote Functionalization of 8‐Substituted Quinolines with para‐Quinone Methides: Access to Unsymmetrical Tri(hetero)arylmethanes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E. Blake Watkins
- Union University Pharmaceutical Sciences 1050 Union University Drive 38305 Jackson UNITED STATES
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6
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Nambo M, Crudden CM. Sequential Transformations of Organosulfones on the Basis of Properties of Sulfonyl Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
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7
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Yu JH, Yu ZP, Capon RJ, Zhang H. Natural Enantiomers: Occurrence, Biogenesis and Biological Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:1279. [PMID: 35209066 PMCID: PMC8880303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge that natural products (NPs) are potent and selective modulators of important biomacromolecules (e.g., DNA and proteins) has inspired some of the world's most successful pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Notwithstanding these successes and despite a growing number of reports on naturally occurring pairs of enantiomers, this area of NP science still remains largely unexplored, consistent with the adage "If you don't seek, you don't find". Statistically, a rapidly growing number of enantiomeric NPs have been reported in the last several years. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of recent records on natural enantiomers, with the aim of advancing awareness and providing a better understanding of the chemical diversity and biogenetic context, as well as the biological properties and therapeutic (drug discovery) potential, of enantiomeric NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hai Yu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (J.-H.Y.); (Z.-P.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Pu Yu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (J.-H.Y.); (Z.-P.Y.)
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Nambo M, Crudden CM. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Benzylic Sulfone Derivatives. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3978-3989. [PMID: 34523788 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of organosulfones as a new class of cross-coupling partner in transition-metal catalyzed reactions has undergone significant advancement. In this personal account, our recent investigations into desulfonylative cross-coupling reactions of benzylic sulfone derivatives catalyzed by Pd, Ni, and Cu catalysis is described. Combined with the facile α-functionalizations of sulfones, our methods can be used to form valuable multiply-arylated structures such as di-, tri-, and, tetraarylmethanes from readily available substrates. The reactivity of sulfones can be increased by introducing electron-withdrawing substituents such as 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, which enable more challenging cross-coupling reactions. Reactive intermediates including Cu-carbene complexes were identified as key intermediates in sulfone activation, representing new types of C-SO2 bond activation processes. These results indicate sulfones are powerful functional groups, enabling new catalytic desulfonylative transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-860, Japan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-860, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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9
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Preformed molecular complexes of metals with organoselenium ligands: Syntheses and applications in catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Renault K, Chevalier A, Bignon J, Jacquemin D, Richard J, Romieu A. Coumarin‐Pyronin Hybrid Dyes: Synthesis, Fluorescence Properties and Theoretical Calculations**. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Renault
- ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21000 Dijon France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-Saclay 1, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Lab, UMR 6230 Université de Nantes CNRS 44000 Nantes France
| | - Jean‐Alexandre Richard
- Functional Molecules and Polymers Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01 138665 Singapore Singapore
- Research and Technology Development Illumina 29 Woodlands Industrial Park E1 757716 Singapore Singapore
| | - Anthony Romieu
- ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21000 Dijon France
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11
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Chen S, Chen Y, Xu Y, Chen W, Chen S, Hu L, Boulon G. Complexation-association-extraction spectrophotometric determination of Pt cations based on a multi-reagent analytical system with I - anions and 2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium cations. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5367-5379. [PMID: 33107867 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new multi-reagent analytical system with 2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride (CPVTI), which is a styryl hemicyanine cationic dye with good photostability and a high molar absorption coefficient, as its core is first established and utilized successfully to determine the content of Pt ions via a spectrophotometric method. The process involves two treatment steps: adding CPVTI and I solutions to the Pt solution to be detected, and then using butyl acetate for vortex liquid-liquid extraction. A Pt cation can be incorporated into the CPVTI cation with the help of an I- anion, initially converting the Pt cation into a [PtI6]2- complex anion. After forming a [PtI62-·2CPVTI+](aq) ion associate in the aqueous phase, the Pt cation can be extracted selectively by butyl acetate with maximum extraction efficiency, and exists as [PtI62-·2CPVTI+](org) in the extract phase. Via the formation of the iodo-complex of Pt and its ion associate with CPVTI, and the extraction with butyl acetate, Pt is selectively partitioned into the butyl acetate extractant in a step-by-step manner with good interference resistance. In the CPVTI-Pt-I analytical system, the charge state of CPVTI is retained by adjustment with H2SO4; the monovalent CPVTI+ presents a strong spectrophotometric absorbance signal at 530 nm with long-term stability, which allows determination of the Pt content. The system shows a high molar absorption coefficient of 6.52 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 at 530 nm, a lower limit of detection of 0.07 mg L-1, and a good Sandell's sensitivity of 0.0030 μg cm-2. Mechanistic analysis of the establishment of the system, concentration optimization, standard working curve, system sensitivity and stability, resistance against interference from diverse metal ions, and practical applications are investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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12
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Karthick M, Konikkara Abi E, Someshwar N, Anthony SP, Ramanathan CR. NaHSO 4/SiO 2 catalyzed generation of o-quinone/ o-thioquinone methides: synthesis of arylxanthenes/ arylthioxanthenes via oxa-6π-electrocyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8653-8667. [PMID: 33073833 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01868f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ortho-Quinone methides, very reactive transient intermediates, are utilized successfully in synthesizing complex organic molecules of natural and biological significance. Among several synthetic protocols, the acid catalyzed generation of ortho-quinone methides from suitably substituted phenols is a promising method for further exploitation in organic synthesis. Such an interesting reactive species is conveniently employed in the synthesis of conformationally restricted triarylmethane derivatives such as 12/9-arylxanthenes/arylthioxanthenes starting from symmetrical/unsymmetrical 2-(hydroxydiarylmethyl)phenol/thiophenol, respectively, using SiO2-NaHSO4. Conformationally restricted 12/9-arylxanthenes/arylthioxanthenes were obtained in 52 to 96% yields using this protocol, which is believed to involve the formation of o-quinone methides followed by electrocyclic ring closure and isomerization at elevated temperature. Photophysical studies of selected examples in acidic media showed turn-on fluorescence by hydride ion transfer mediated π-conjugated xanthylium salt formation and suggested the application potential in bio-imaging and fluorescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthupandi Karthick
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry - 605 014, India
| | - Edwin Konikkara Abi
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry - 605 014, India
| | - Nagamalla Someshwar
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry - 605 014, India
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13
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Stereoselective synthesis of 9-vinyl substituted unsymmetrical xanthenes and thioxanthenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Tang Z, Peng L, Yuan Y, Li T, Qiu R, Kambe N. Synthesis of Triarylmethanes by Decarbonylation of 3,3-Diaryl Benzofuranones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5300-5311. [PMID: 32192341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple protocol for the synthesis of triarylmethane derivatives with three different (hetero)aryl groups by decarbonylation of 3,3-diaryl benzofuranones, which can easily be prepared via arylation of benzofuranones, was developed. The reaction proceeds on heating in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of CH3ONa and water to generate the products in good to excellent yields. This reaction can be easily scaled up to give a triarylmethane in a gram scale. Further chemical manipulation of the products enabled useful transformations of the phenol ring, including reduction, arylation, cyclization, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lingteng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tianjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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15
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Roy D, Verma A, Banerjee A, Saha S, Panda G. Metal free highly efficient C–N bond formation through 1,6-addition: synthesis and photophysical studies of diaryl methyl amino acid esters (DMAAEs). NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal free, proficient strategy for the one-pot synthesis of diverse diaryl methyl amino acid esters (DMAAEs) has been established from the easily accessible chiral amino acid esters and para-quinone methides (QMs) in very good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Roy
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow 226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Abhineet Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Arpita Banerjee
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow 226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow 226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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16
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Courant T, Lombard M, Boyarskaya DV, Neuville L, Masson G. Tritylium assisted iodine catalysis for the synthesis of unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6502-6508. [PMID: 32789393 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01502d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The combined Lewis acid catalytic system, generated from molecular iodine and tritylium tetrafluoroborate effectively catalyzed the Friedel-Crafts (FC) arylation of diarylmethyl sulfides providing an efficient access to various unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. The addition of tritylium and iodine created a more active catalytic system to promote the cleavage of sulfidic C-S bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Courant
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Marine Lombard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Dina V Boyarskaya
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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17
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Kita Y, Dohi T, Komiyama K, Ueda S, Yamaoka N. Benzylic Oxidation and Functionalizations of Xanthenes by Ligand Trasfer Reactions of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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