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Gisbert Y, Abid S, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Divergent Synthesis of Molecular Winch Prototypes. Chemistry 2021; 27:16242-16249. [PMID: 34492156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of conceptually new prototypes of molecular winches with the ultimate aim to investigate the work performed by a single ruthenium-based molecular motor anchored on a surface by probing its ability to pull a load upon electrically-driven directional rotation. According to a technomimetic design, the motor was embedded in a winch structure, with a long flexible polyethylene glycol chain terminated by an azide hook to connect a variety of molecular loads. The structure of the motor was first derivatized by means of two sequential cross-coupling reactions involving a penta(4-halogenophenyl)cyclopentadienyl hydrotris(indazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) precursor and the resulting benzylamine derivative was next exploited as key intermediate in the divergent synthesis of a family of nanowinch prototypes. A one-pot method involving sequential peptide coupling and Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was developed to yield four loaded nanowinches, with load fragments encompassing triptycene, fullerene and porphyrin moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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2
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Gisbert Y, Abid S, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Molecular Gears: From Solution to Surfaces. Chemistry 2021; 27:12019-12031. [PMID: 34131971 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the major efforts devoted to the development of molecular gears over the past 40 years, from pioneering covalent bis-triptycyl systems undergoing intramolecular correlated rotation in solution, to the most recent examples of gearing systems anchored on a surface, which allow intermolecular transmission of mechanical power. Emphasis is laid on the different strategies devised progressively to control the architectures of molecular bevel and spur gears, as intramolecular systems in solution or intermolecular systems on surfaces, while aiming at increased efficiency, complexity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Nara, Japan
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3
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Gao S, Gisbert Y, Erbland G, Abid S, Kammerer C, Venturini A, Rapenne G, Ventura B, Armaroli N. Photophysical properties of 1,2,3,4,5-pentaarylcyclopentadienyl-hydrotris(indazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17049-17056. [PMID: 34346431 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02261j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of heteroleptic rotor-like Ru(ii) complexes containing both a cyclopentadienyl-type ligand and a hydrotris(indazolyl)borate chelating unit with a piano stool structure (Ar5L1-Ru-S1 and L3-Ru-S1) and their corresponding subunits have been investigated. The complexes show peculiar absorption features when compared with their related ligands or fragments. L3-Ru-S1 was found to be non-emissive, while Ar5L1-Ru-S1 showed a weak emission with a quantum yield of 0.27%. With the help of DFT calculations, we demonstrate that the new absorption features can be attributed to ruthenium-based charge transfer transitions which involve the π* orbitals of the phenyl substituents of the cyclopentadienyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISOF), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Asato R, Martin CJ, Abid S, Gisbert Y, Asanoma F, Nakashima T, Kammerer C, Kawai T, Rapenne G. Molecular Rotor Functionalized with a Photoresponsive Brake. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3492-3501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Asato
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Colin J. Martin
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Fumio Asanoma
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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5
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Abid S, Gisbert Y, Kojima M, Saffon-Merceron N, Cuny J, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Desymmetrised pentaporphyrinic gears mounted on metallo-organic anchors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4709-4721. [PMID: 34163729 PMCID: PMC8179540 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastering intermolecular gearing is crucial for the emergence of complex functional nanoscale machineries. However, achieving correlated motion within trains of molecular gears remains highly challenging, due to the multiple degrees of freedom of each cogwheel. In this context, we designed and synthesised a series of star-shaped organometallic molecular gears incorporating a hydrotris(indazolyl)borate anchor to prevent diffusion on the surface, a central ruthenium atom as a fixed rotation axis, and an azimuthal pentaporphyrinic cyclopentadienyl cogwheel specifically labelled to monitor its motion by non-time-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). Desymmetrisation of the cogwheels was first achieved sterically, i.e. by introducing one tooth longer than the other four. For optimal mechanical interactions, chemical labelling was also investigated as a preferential way to induce local contrast in STM images, and the electronic properties of one single paddle were modulated by varying the porphyrinic scaffold or the nature of the central metal. To reach such a structural diversity, our modular synthetic approach relied on sequential cross-coupling reactions on a penta(p-halogenophenyl)cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(ii) key building block, bearing a single pre-activated p-iodophenyl group. Chemoselective Sonogashira or more challenging Suzuki-Miyaura reactions allowed the controlled introduction of the tagged porphyrinic tooth, and the subsequent four-fold cross-couplings yielded the prototypes of pentaporphyrinic molecular gears for on-surface studies, incorporating desymmetrised cogwheels over 5 nm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Mitsuru Kojima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT FR 2599, 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- LCPQ, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 118 Route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
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Asato R, Martin CJ, Gisbert Y, Abid S, Kawai T, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Ruthenium complexes of sterically-hindered pentaarylcyclopentadienyl ligands. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20207-20215. [PMID: 35479891 PMCID: PMC9033943 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of chlorine functionalised intermediates has been developed which is well adapted for highly sterically hindered compounds both with either electron rich or poor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Asato
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
- Ikoma
- Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems
| | - Colin J. Martin
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems
- NAIST-CEMES
- CNRS UPR 8011
- F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
- Ikoma
- Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
- Ikoma
- Japan
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems
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Erbland G, Abid S, Gisbert Y, Saffon-Merceron N, Hashimoto Y, Andreoni L, Guérin T, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Star-Shaped Ruthenium Complexes as Prototypes of Molecular Gears. Chemistry 2019; 25:16328-16339. [PMID: 31603576 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of two families of molecular-gear prototypes is reported, with the aim of assembling them into trains of gears on a surface and ultimately achieving controlled intermolecular gearing motion. These piano-stool ruthenium complexes incorporate a hydrotris(indazolyl)borate moiety as tripodal rotation axle and a pentaarylcyclopentadienyl ligand as star-shaped cogwheel, equipped with five teeth ranging from pseudo-1D aryl groups to large planar 2D paddles. A divergent synthetic approach was followed, starting from a pentakis(p-bromophenyl)cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) complex as key precursor or from its iodinated counterpart, obtained by copper-catalyzed aromatic Br/I exchange. Subsequent fivefold cross-coupling reactions with various partners allowed high structural diversity to be reached and yielded molecular-gear prototypes with aryl-, carbazole-, BODIPY- and porphyrin-derived teeth of increasing size and length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Erbland
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- UPS, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, ICT FR 2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Yuichiro Hashimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.,NAIST-CEMES, International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonardo Andreoni
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Théo Guérin
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.,NAIST-CEMES, International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, 31055, Toulouse, France
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8
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Li ZQ, Tang JH, Zhong YW. Multidentate Anchors for Surface Functionalization. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3119-3126. [PMID: 31389657 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up functionalization of solid surfaces shows increasing importance for a wide range of interdisciplinary applications. Multidentate anchors with more than two contact points can bind to solid surfaces with strong chemisorption, well-defined upright configuration, and tailored functionality. The surface functionalization using multidentate anchors with three (tripodal), four (quadripodal), or more binding points is summarized herein, with a focus on those beyond classical tripodal anchors. In particular, the molecular design on how to achieve multisite interaction between anchor and substrate and the introduction of functional groups to thin films are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Hong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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A chiral molecular propeller designed for unidirectional rotations on a surface. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3742. [PMID: 31431627 PMCID: PMC6702202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic molecular machines designed to operate on materials surfaces can convert energy into motion and they may be useful to incorporate into solid state devices. Here, we develop and characterize a multi-component molecular propeller that enables unidirectional rotations on a material surface when energized. Our propeller is composed of a rotator with three molecular blades linked via a ruthenium atom to a ratchet-shaped molecular gear. Upon adsorption on a gold crystal surface, the two dimensional nature of the surface breaks the symmetry and left or right tilting of the molecular gear-teeth induces chirality. The molecular gear dictates the rotational direction of the propellers and step-wise rotations can be induced by applying an electric field or using inelastic tunneling electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope tip. By means of scanning tunneling microscope manipulation and imaging, the rotation steps of individual molecular propellers are directly visualized, which confirms the unidirectional rotations of both left and right handed molecular propellers into clockwise and anticlockwise directions respectively. Controlling the rotation direction of individual molecular machines requires precise design and manipulation. Here, the authors describe a surface-adsorbed molecular propeller that, upon excitation with a scanning tunneling microscope tip, can rotate clockwise or anticlockwise depending on its chirality, and directly visualize its stepwise rotation with STM images.
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Kammerer C, Erbland G, Gisbert Y, Nishino T, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G. Biomimetic and Technomimetic Single Molecular Machines. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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11
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Gisbert Y, Abid S, Bertrand G, Saffon-Merceron N, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Modular synthesis of pentaarylcyclopentadienyl Ru-based molecular machines via sequential Pd-catalysed cross couplings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14689-14692. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08384g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A dissymmetric piano-stool ruthenium(ii) complex as a key building block in the modular synthesis of molecular cogwheel and winch prototypes.
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