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Ohta M, Okuda A, Hosoya S, Yoshigoe Y, Saito S. Synthesis of Interlocked and Non-Interlocked Deca(para-phenylene) Derivatives by Ni-mediated Biaryl Coupling. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304309. [PMID: 38199956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Oligo(para-phenylene) (PPn) is a compound composed of directly connected 1,4-phenylene moieties. The synthesis of PPn composed of six or more phenylene moieties with no substituent at the internal phenylene moiety has been challenging because of its low solubility. Herein we synthesized oligo(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxanes, including a deca(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxane, with a defined number of phenylene moieties. Biaryl coupling of iodoarenes mediated by macrocyclic dibenzodihydrophenanthroline-Ni complex was utilized for the first time to synthesize the [2]rotaxanes. Compared to the non-interlocked deca(para-phenylene), the deca(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxane showed higher solubility. The properties of the oligo(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxanes and non-interlocked oligo(para-phenylene)s were analyzed by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Okuda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Kawasaki Y, Rashid S, Ikeyatsu K, Mutoh Y, Yoshigoe Y, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I, Hosoya S, Saito S. Conformational Control of [2]Rotaxane by Hydrogen Bond. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5744-5759. [PMID: 35389647 PMCID: PMC9087201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of [2]rotaxanes with various functional groups in the axle component was synthesized by the oxidative dimerization of alkynes, which is mediated by a macrocyclic phenanthroline-Cu complex. The rotaxanes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the structure of a rotaxane was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The interaction between the ring component and the axle component was studied in detail to understand the conformation of the rotaxanes. The presence of the hydrogen bond between the phenanthroline moiety in the macrocyclic component and the acidic proton in the axle component influenced the conformation of rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Showkat Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ikeyatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shoko Kikkawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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Gauthier M, Waelès P, Coutrot F. Post-Synthetic Macrocyclization of Rotaxane Building Blocks. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100458. [PMID: 34811956 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although not often encountered, cyclic interlocked molecules are appealing molecular targets because of their restrained tridimensional structure which is related to both the cyclic and interlocked shapes. Interlocked molecules such as rotaxane building blocks may be good candidates for post-synthetic intramolecular cyclization if the preservation of the mechanical bond ensures the interlocked architecture throughout the reaction. This is obviously the case if the modification does not involve the cleavage of either the macrocycle's main chain or the encircled part of the axle. However, among the post-synthetic reactions, the chemical linkage between two reactive sites belonging to embedded elements of rotaxanes still consists of an underexploited route to interlocked cyclic molecules. This Review lists the rare examples of macrocyclization through chemical connection between reactive sites belonging to a surrounding macrocycle and/or an encircled axle of interlocked rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Waelès P, Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-Synthetic Modification of Interlocked Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16778-16799. [PMID: 32894812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies have been successfully utilised to obtain a wide range of interlocked molecules. However, some interlocked compounds are still not obtained directly and/or efficiently from non-interlocked components because the requisites for self-assembly cannot always be enforced. To circumvent such a synthetic problem, a strategy that consists of synthesizing an isolable and storable interlocked building block in a step that precedes its modification is an appealing chemical route to more sophisticated interlocked molecules. Synthetic opportunities and challenges are closely linked to the fact that the mechanical bond might greatly affect the reactivity of a functionality of the encircled axle, but that the interlocked architecture needs to be preserved during the synthesis. Hence, the mechanical bond plays a fundamental role in the strategy employed. This Review focuses on the challenging post-synthetic modifications of interlocked molecules, sometimes through cleavage of the axle's main chain, but always with conservation of the mechanical bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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5
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Waelès P, Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Challenges and Opportunities in the Post‐Synthetic Modification of Interlocked Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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6
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Gaedke M, Hupatz H, Schröder HV, Suhr S, Hoffmann KF, Valkonen A, Sarkar B, Riedel S, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Dual-stimuli pseudorotaxane switches under kinetic control. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dual-stimuli pseudorotaxane switches: Threaded complexes dissociate upon deprotonation or oxidation. A mechanical bond changes the influence of a ‘speed bump’ on the outcome of a switching event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gaedke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Henrik Hupatz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Hendrik V. Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Simon Suhr
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Kurt F. Hoffmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
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Kimura T, Miyagawa S, Takaya H, Naito M, Tokunaga Y. Locking the Dynamic Axial Chirality of Biphenyl Crown Ethers through Threading. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3897-3903. [PMID: 33026146 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the syntheses of [2]rotaxanes comprising 23- and 26-membered biphenyl crown ethers as the macrocyclic components and secondary ammonium ions as the dumbbell-shaped components, and the locking of the dynamic axial chirality of the biphenyl moieties in these structures. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that our [2]rotaxane featuring the 26-membered crown ether racemized at room temperature, but the racemization of the [2]rotaxane featuring the 23-membered crown ether did not proceed at room temperature over a period of three days. After separation of the enantiomers of the [2]rotaxane incorporating the 23-membered crown ether through chiral HPLC, we studied its racemization at elevated temperature. The rate of stereoinversion in dimethylsulfoxide (a polar solvent) was faster than that in o-dichlorobenzene (a nonpolar solvent), and herein we discuss these kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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Douarre M, Martí‐Centelles V, Rossy C, Pianet I, McClenaghan ND. Regulation of Macrocycle Shuttling Rates in [2]Rotaxanes by Amino‐Acid Speed Bumps in Organic–Aqueous Solvent Mixtures. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Douarre
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255 University of Bordeaux 33405 Talence France
| | - Vicente Martí‐Centelles
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255 University of Bordeaux 33405 Talence France
| | - Cybille Rossy
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255 University of Bordeaux 33405 Talence France
| | - Isabelle Pianet
- IRAMAT, CNRS UMR 5060, Maison de l'Archéologie Université Bordeaux Montaigne 33607 Pessac France
| | - Nathan D. McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255 University of Bordeaux 33405 Talence France
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