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Adly ME, Mahmoud AM, El-Nassan HB. Green electrosynthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives in deep eutectic solvents. BMC Chem 2024; 18:139. [PMID: 39068439 PMCID: PMC11283723 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new green method was developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives using electrochemical bisarylation reaction in deep eutectic solvents as a green alternative to traditional solvents and electrolytes. The effects of varying time, current, type of solvent and material of electrodes were all studied. The optimum reaction conditions involved the use of ethylene glycol/choline chloride with a ratio of 2:1 at 80 °C for 45 min. Graphite and platinum were used as cathode and anode, respectively. The newly developed method offered many advantages such as using mild reaction conditions, short reaction time and affording high product yields with a wide range of substituted aromatic aldehydes bearing electron donating or electron withdrawing substituents. In addition, the electrochemical method proved to be more effective than heating in deep eutectic solvents and afforded higher yields of products in shorter reaction time. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction was proposed and confirmed using the cyclic voltammetry study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina E Adly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 33 Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Amr M Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala B El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 33 Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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2
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Pang Q, Zuo WF, Zhang Y, Li X, Han B. Recent Advances on Direct Functionalization of Indoles in Aqueous Media. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200289. [PMID: 36722727 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Indoles and their derivatives have dominated a significant proportion of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and play an essential role in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, pesticides, and advanced materials. Compared with conventional synthetic strategies, direct functionalization of indoles provides straightforward access to construct diverse indole scaffolds. As we enter an era emphasizing green and sustainable chemistry, utilizing environment-friendly solvents represented by water demonstrates great potential in synthesizing valuable indole derivatives. This review aims to depict the critical aspects of aqueous-mediated indoles functionalization over the past decade and discusses the future challenges and prospects in this fast-growing field. For the convenience of readers, this review is classified into three parts according to the bonding modes (C-C, C-N, and C-S bonds), which focus on the diversity of indole derivatives, the prominent role of water in the chemical process, and the types of catalyst systems and mechanisms. We hope this review can promote the sustainable development of the direct functionalization of indoles and their derivatives and the discovery of novel and practical organic methods in aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Mahardhika AB, Ressemann A, Kremers SE, Gregório Castanheira MS, Schoeder CT, Müller CE, Pillaiyar T. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of diindolylmethane derivatives as cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonists. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200493. [PMID: 36437108 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural product-derived compound formed upon ingestion of cruciferous vegetables, was recently described to act as a partial agonist of the anti-inflammatory cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtype CB2 . In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of DIM derivatives and determined their affinities for human CB receptor subtypes in radioligand binding studies. Potent compounds were additionally evaluated in functional cAMP accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment assays. Small substituents in the 4-position of both indole rings of DIM were beneficial for high CB2 receptor affinity and efficacy. Di-(4-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)methane (46, PSB-19837, EC50 : cAMP, 0.0144 µM, 95% efficacy compared to the full standard agonist CP55,940; β-arrestin, 0.0149 µM, 67% efficacy) was the most potent CB2 receptor agonist of the present series. Di-(4-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methane (44, PSB-19571) showed higher potency in β-arrestin (EC50 0.0450 µM, 61% efficacy) than in cAMP accumulation assays (EC50 0.509 µM, 85% efficacy) while 3-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-1H-indole (149, PSB-18691) displayed a 19-fold bias for the G protein pathway (EC50 : cAMP, 0.0652 µM; β-arrestin, 1.08 µM). DIM and its analogs act as allosteric CB2 receptor agonists. These potent CB2 receptor agonists have potential as novel drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andhika B Mahardhika
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Ressemann
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah E Kremers
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariana S Gregório Castanheira
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Li D, Wen Q, Zhou Y, Li D, Xi H, Huang G, Liang J, Xiao X, Zhu W. A dual-mode sensor based on colorimetric and Tyndall effect of gold nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive detection of Hg 2. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:565-571. [PMID: 36680671 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mercury ion (Hg2+) is the most widespread and highly toxic environmental pollutant, which exerts numerous adverse effects on environmental and human health. There is an urgent need to develop a convenient method for detecting Hg2+. Herein, a novel dual-mode sensor based on colorimetric and Tyndall effect of gold nanoparticles was developed for ultra-sensitive determination of Hg2+. In this strategy, a polyA-modified Au probe with high uniformity was assembled successfully. Both modes were based on Hg2+-induced aggregation of the probes. Hg2+ was reflected according to the color variations of solution and the Tyndall effect of Au reporter. With the aid of a laser pointer, the Tyndall mode demonstrated about 615-fold improvement on sensitivity compared with the colorimetry way. Taking advantages of low cost and convenient assembly of polyA-based Au probe and the combination of colorimetry and Tyndall effect, our strategy determined the Hg2+ with high sensitivity and wide range. By changing probes or nanoparticles, the proposed strategy is expected to be a universal platform for detecting other analytes in environmental and even biological samples. A novel dual-mode sensor based on colorimetric and tyndall effect of gold nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive determination of Hg2+ was exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Qilin Wen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Huai Xi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Guidan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Jinhua Liang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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Yashwantrao G, Shetty P, Maleikal PJ, Badani P, Saha S. Dehydrative Substitution Reaction in Water for the Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Triarylmethanes: Synthesis, Aggregation‐Enhanced Emission, and Mechanofluorochromism. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200150. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi Yashwantrao
- ICT Mumbai: Institute of Chemical Technology Speciality Chemicals Technology INDIA
| | - Prapti Shetty
- Institute of Chemical Technology Speciality Chemicals Technology INDIA
| | | | - Purav Badani
- University of Mumbai - Kalina Campus Chemistry INDIA
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai Department of Dyestuff Technology Nathelal parekh Marg400019India 400019 Matunga, 2010 INDIA
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Lee SO, Choi J, Kook S, Lee SY. Lewis acid-catalyzed double addition of indoles to ketones: synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes with all-carbon quaternary centers. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9060-9064. [PMID: 33124627 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a Lewis acid-catalyzed nucleophilic double-addition of indoles to ketones under mild conditions. This process occurs with various ketones ranging from dialkyl ketones to diaryl ketones, thereby providing access to an array of bis(indolyl)methanes bearing all-carbon quaternary centers, including tetra-aryl carbon centers. The products can be transformed into bis(indole)-fused polycyclics and bis(indolyl)alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si On Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Jeongin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Seunghoon Kook
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Sarah Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Indurthi HK, Virdi R, Koli P, Nageswara Rao D, Sharma DK. Seralite SRC-120 resin catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using indoles and low/high boiling point carbonyl compounds under solvent free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1849724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Reena Virdi
- Overseas Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Phillaur, India
| | - Papita Koli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Guidotti BB, da Silva TS, Menezes Correia JT, Coelho F. Brønsted-acid-catalyzed selective Friedel-Crafts monoalkylation of isatins with indolizines in water. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7330-7335. [PMID: 32946540 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01714k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The controlled mono-addition of indolizines to isatins under very mild conditions is described. The reaction occurs in water using diphenylphosphate as the catalyst, which is dramatically accelerated by surfactant addition. 3-Hydroxy-3-indolizinyl-2-oxindole scaffolds were synthesized in up to >99% yield. Notably, in organic solvents only bis-addition products were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Boni Guidotti
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, S/N, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Sabino da Silva
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, S/N, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Tiago Menezes Correia
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, S/N, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, S/N, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Novel Aryl-Imidazolium Ionic Liquids with Dual Brønsted/Lewis Acidity as Both Solvents and Catalysts for Friedel–Crafts Alkylation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Unique tunable aryl-imidazolium magnetic ionic liquids with dual functions as a solvent–catalyst and dual Brønsted–Lewis acidity (B-L MILs) are applied for Friedel–Crafts alkylation without additional solvents. The catalytic properties of these B-L MILs in the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of p-xylene with benzyl chloride are investigated. The various reaction parameters, including the catalyst dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, molar ratio of reactants, and reusability, are discussed. The results show that the B-L MIL 5c has more excellent product selectivity (>99%) and reactant conversion (>99%) under the following optimum conditions (reaction temperature = 80 °C, reaction time = 0.5 h, molar ratio of p-xylene to benzyl chloride = 6:1, and catalyst 5c dosage = 1.0 mole %) than traditional catalysts reported in the previous literature. Specifically, due to the mesomeric effect between the FeCl4 anion and hydrogen atom at cationic moiety, the catalyst B-L MILs with the molar fraction of FeCl3 equal to 0.5 can be easily recovered and provide satisfactory catalytic activity after being re-used six times.
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Xiao W, Deng Z, Huang J, Huang Z, Zhuang M, Yuan Y, Nie J, Zhang Y. Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of a Variety of Analytes via the Tyndall Effect. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15114-15122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zihao Deng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jinkun Huang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ziheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yali Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jinfang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Hua L, Geng Y, Wang W, Feng J, Ma ZH. Solvent-Assistant Purification for the Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Catalyzed by Solid Acid. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lezhou Hua
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yanyan Geng
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Juhong Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; No. 206, Guanggu 1 Road, Donghu New Technology Industrial Development Zone Wuhan, 430205 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Ma
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District Wuhan, 430070 China
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