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Pathak T, Bose A. 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolylated carbohydrates and nucleosides. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109126. [PMID: 38823061 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In general, 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolyl moiety is much less common in the synthesis and applications in comparison to its regioisomeric counterpart. Moreover, the synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles are not so straightforward as is the case for copper catalyzed strategy of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The preparation of 1,5-triazolylated carbohydrates and nucleosides are even more complex because of the difficulties in accessing the appropriate starting materials as well as the compatibility of reaction conditions with the various protecting groups. 1,5-Disubstitution regioisomeric triazoles of carbohydrates and nucleosides were traditionally obtained as minor products through straightforward heating of the mixture of azides and terminal alkynes. However, the separation of isomers was tedious or in some cases futile. On the other hand, regioselective synthesis using ruthenium catalysis triggered serious concern of residual metal content in therapeutically important ingredients. Therefore, serious efforts are being made by several groups to develop non-toxic metal based or completely metal-free synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This article strives to summarize the pre-Click era as well as the post-2001 reports on the synthesis and potential applications of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Amitabha Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, West Bengal, India
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Yang Z, Arnoux M, Hazelard D, Hughes OR, Nabarro J, Whitwood AC, Fascione MA, Spicer CD, Compain P, Unsworth WP. Expanding the scope of the successive ring expansion strategy for macrocycle and medium-sized ring synthesis: unreactive and reactive lactams. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2985-2991. [PMID: 38526035 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
New methods are described that expand the scope of the Successive Ring Expansion (SuRE) with respect to synthetically challenging lactams. A protocol has been developed for use with 'unreactive' lactams, enabling SuRE reactions to be performed on subsrates that fail under previously established conditions. Ring expansion is also demonstarted on 'reactive' lactams derived from iminosugars for the first time. The new SuRE methods were used to prepare a diverse array of medium-sized and macrocyclic lactams and lactones, which were evaluted in an anti-bacterial assay against E. coli BW25113WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Marion Arnoux
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg, Univ. de Haute-Alsace, CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Damien Hazelard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg, Univ. de Haute-Alsace, CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Owen R Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Joe Nabarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Christopher D Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg, Univ. de Haute-Alsace, CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - William P Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Konietzny PB, Freytag J, Feldhof MI, Müller JC, Ohl D, Stehle T, Hartmann L. Synthesis of Homo- and Heteromultivalent Fucosylated and Sialylated Oligosaccharide Conjugates via Preactivated N-Methyloxyamine Precision Macromolecules and Their Binding to Polyomavirus Capsid Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5273-5284. [PMID: 36398945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are a versatile class of bioactive molecules that have found application as vaccines and antivirals and in cancer therapy. Their synthesis typically involves elaborate functionalization and use of protecting groups on the carbohydrate component in order to ensure efficient and selective conjugation. Alternatively, non-functionalized, non-protected carbohydrates isolated from biological sources or derived through biotechnological methods can be directly conjugated via N-methyloxyamine groups. In this study, we introduce such N-methyloxyamine groups into a variety of multivalent scaffolds─from small to oligomeric to polymeric scaffolds─making use of solid-phase polymer synthesis to assemble monodisperse sequence-defined macromolecules. These scaffolds are then successfully functionalized with different types of human milk oligosaccharides deriving a library of homo- and heteromultivalent glycoconjugates. Glycomacromolecules presenting oligosaccharide side chains with either α2,3- or α2,6-linked terminal sialic acid are used in a binding study with two types of polyomavirus capsid proteins showing that the multivalent presentation through the N-methyloxyamine-derived scaffolds increases the number of contacts with the protein. Overall, a straightforward route to derive glycoconjugates from complex oligosaccharides with high variability yet control in the multivalent scaffold is presented, and applicability of the derived structures is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jasmin Freytag
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Melina I Feldhof
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joshua C Müller
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Daniel Ohl
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Ando K, Oguchi M, Kobayashi T, Asano H, Uchida N. Methylenation for Aldehydes and Ketones Using 1-Methylbenzimidazol-2-yl Methyl Sulfone. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9936-9943. [PMID: 32608238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The methylenation reagent 1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl methyl sulfone 2 reacts with various aldehydes and ketones in the presence of t-BuOK (room temperature, 1 h) in dimethylformamide to give the corresponding terminal alkenes generally in high yields. For sensitive substrates, the reaction is better carried out at low temperature using sodium hexamethyldisilazide in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The byproduct is easily removed from the products, and the reaction conditions are mild and practical. Reagent 2 can be easily prepared from commercially available 2-mercaptobenzimidazole 5 in 95% yield without any expensive reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ando
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mai Oguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruka Asano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nariaki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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