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Formen JSSK, Wolf C. Optical Relay Sensing of Cryptochiral Alcohols Displaying α-, β-, γ- and δ-Stereocenters or Chirality by Virtue of Isotopic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409790. [PMID: 38880778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A reaction-based optical relay sensing strategy that enables accurate determination of the concentration and enantiomeric ratio (er) of challenging chiral alcohols exhibiting stereocenters at the α-, β-, γ- or even δ-position or hard-to-detect cryptochirality arising from H/D substitution is described. This unmatched application scope is achieved with a conceptually new sensing approach by which the alcohol moiety is replaced with an optimized achiral sulfonamide chromophore to minimize the distance between the covalently attached chiroptical reporter unit and the stereogenic center in the substrate. The result is a remarkably strong, red-shifted CD induction that increases linearly with the sample er. The CD sensing part of the tandem assay is seamlessly coupled to a redox reaction with a quinone molecule to generate a characteristic UV response that is independent of the enantiopurity of the alcohol and thus allows determination of the total analyte concentration. The robustness and utility of the CD/UV relay are further verified by chromatography-free asymmetric reaction analysis with small aliquots of crude product mixtures, paving the way toward high-throughput chiral compound screening workflows which is a highly sought-after goal in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC-20057, USA
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2
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Vang ZP, Sonstrom RE, Scolati HN, Clark JR, Pate BH. Assignment of the absolute configuration of molecules that are chiral by virtue of deuterium substitution using chiral tag molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy. Chirality 2023; 35:856-883. [PMID: 37277968 PMCID: PMC11102577 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral tag molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy is used to assign the absolute configuration of molecules that are chiral by virtue of deuterium substitution. Interest in the improved performance of deuterated active pharmaceutical ingredients has led to the development of precision deuteration reactions. These reactions often generate enantioisotopomer reaction products that pose challenges for chiral analysis. Chiral tag rotational spectroscopy uses noncovalent derivatization of the enantioisotopomer to create the diastereomers of the 1:1 molecular complexes of the analyte and a small, chiral molecule. Assignment of the absolute configuration requires high-confidence determinations of the structures of these weakly bound complexes. A general search method, CREST, is used to identify candidate geometries. Subsequent geometry optimization using dispersion corrected density functional theory gives equilibrium geometries with sufficient accuracy to identify the isomers of the chiral tag complexes produced in the pulsed jet expansion used to introduce the sample into the MRR spectrometer. Rotational constant scaling based on the fact that the diastereomers have the same equilibrium geometry gives accurate predictions allowing identification of the homochiral and heterochiral tag complexes and, therefore, assignment of absolute configuration. The method is successfully applied to three oxygenated substrates from enantioselective Cu-catalyzed alkene transfer hydrodeuteration reaction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoua Pa Vang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Reilly E. Sonstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- BrightSpec Inc, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Haley N. Scolati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph R. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brooks H. Pate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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3
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Sonstrom RE, Vang ZP, Scolati HN, Neill JL, Pate BH, Clark JR. Rapid Enantiomeric Excess Measurements of Enantioisotopomers by Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2023; 27:1185-1197. [PMID: 38046274 PMCID: PMC10691865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent work in drug discovery has shown that selectively deuterated small molecules can improve the safety and efficacy for active pharmaceutical ingredients. The advantages derive from changes in metabolism resulting from the kinetic isotope effect when deuterium is substituted for a hydrogen atom at a structural position where rate limiting C-H bond breaking occurs. This application has pushed the development of precision deuteration strategies in synthetic chemistry that can install deuterium atoms with high regioselectivity and with stereocontrol. Copper-catalyzed alkene transfer hydrodeuteration chemistry has recently been shown to have high stereoselectivity for deuteration at the metabolically important benzyl C-H position. In this case, stereocontrol results in the creation of enantioisotopomers-molecules that are chiral solely by virtue of the deuterium substitution-and chiral analysis techniques are needed to assess the reaction selectivity. It was recently shown that chiral tag molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy provides a routine way to measure the enantiomeric excess and establish the absolute configuration of enantioisotopomers. High-throughput implementations of chiral tag MRR spectroscopy are needed to support optimization of the chemical synthesis. A measurement methodology for high-throughput chiral analysis is demonstrated in this work. The high-throughput ee measurements are performed using cavity-enhanced MRR spectroscopy, which reduces measurement times and sample consumption by more than an order-of-magnitude compared to the previous enantioisotopomer analysis using a broadband MRR spectrometer. It is also shown that transitions for monitoring the enantiomers can be selected from a broadband rotational spectrum without the need for spectroscopic analysis. The general applicability of chiral tag MRR spectroscopy is illustrated by performing chiral analysis on six enantioisotopomer reaction products using a single molecule as the tag for chiral discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoua Pa Vang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233-1881, United States
| | - Haley N Scolati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Justin L Neill
- BrightSpec Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Brooks H Pate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Joseph R Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233-1881, United States
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4
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Senda R, Watanabe Y, Miwa S, Sato A, Kitagawa O. Synthesis of Isotopic Atropisomers Based on 12C/ 13C Discrimination. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37300502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinazolin-4-one derivatives possessing an isotopic atropisomerism (isotopic N-C axial chirality) based on ortho-12CH3/13CH3 discrimination were prepared. The diastereomeric quinazolin-4-ones bearing an asymmetric carbon as well as an isotopic atropisomerism were clearly discriminated by 1H and 13C NMR spectra and revealed to possess high rotational stability and stereochemical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Senda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Yuka Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shota Miwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Azusa Sato
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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5
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Miwa S, Senda R, Saito K, Sato A, Nakamura Y, Kitagawa O. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isotopic Atropisomers based on ortho-CH 3/CD 3 Discrimination and Their Structural Properties. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13501-13507. [PMID: 36214390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-C axially chiral 3-(2-trideuteriomethyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-ethylquinazolin-4-ones and 3-(2-trideuteriomethyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)quinazolin-4-ones were prepared in high enantio- and diastereomeric purities (98% ee). These quinazolinone derivatives are isotopic atropisomers based on ortho-CH3/CD3 discrimination and were revealed to possess a slight optical rotation and high rotational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Miwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Senda
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Azusa Sato
- Division of Basic Sciences, Center for Medical and Nursing Education, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Division of Basic Sciences, Center for Medical and Nursing Education, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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6
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Mills MD, Sonstrom RE, Vang ZP, Neill JL, Scolati HN, West CT, Pate BH, Clark JR. Enantioselective Synthesis of Enantioisotopomers with Quantitative Chiral Analysis by Chiral Tag Rotational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207275. [PMID: 35700045 PMCID: PMC9403034 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental to the synthesis of enantioenriched chiral molecules is the ability to assign absolute configuration at each stereogenic center, and to determine the enantiomeric excess for each compound. While determination of enantiomeric excess and absolute configuration is often considered routine in many facets of asymmetric synthesis, the same determinations for enantioisotopomers remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report the first highly enantioselective metal‐catalyzed synthesis of enantioisotopomers that are chiral by virtue of deuterium substitution along with the first general spectroscopic technique for assignment of the absolute configuration and quantitative determination of the enantiomeric excess of isotopically chiral molecules. Chiral tag rotational spectroscopy uses noncovalent chiral derivatization, which eliminates the possibility of racemization during derivatization, to perform the chiral analysis without the need of reference samples of the enantioisotopomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Reilly E Sonstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Zoua Pa Vang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Justin L Neill
- BrightSpec Inc., 770 Harris Street Suite 104b, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Haley N Scolati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Channing T West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Brooks H Pate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Joseph R Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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7
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Pate BH, Mills MD, Sonstrom RE, Vang ZP, Neill JL, Scolati HN, West CT, Clark JR. Enantioselective Synthesis of Enantioisotopomers with Quantitative Chiral Analysis by Chiral Tag Rotational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooks H. Pate
- University of Virginia Department of Chemistry McCormick RoadP.O. Box 400319 22904-4319 Charlottesville UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | - Justin L. Neill
- BrightSpec NA 770 Harris St.Suite 104b 22903 Charlottesville UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Joseph R. Clark
- Marquette University Chemistry Department of ChemistryMarquette University 53233 Milwaukee UNITED STATES
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8
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Saito K, Miwa S, Iida A, Fujimoto Y, Caytan E, Roussel C, Kitagawa O. Detection of Isotopic Atropisomerism Based on ortho-H/D Discrimination. Org Lett 2021; 23:7492-7496. [PMID: 34515490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Racemic and optically active 3-(2-deuteriophenyl)-2-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)quinazoline-4-thiones were prepared. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra clearly show that they exist as a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers due to the isotopic atropisomerism based on ortho-H/D discrimination (N-C axial chirality) and a chiral carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shota Miwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Asumi Iida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Yuuki Fujimoto
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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9
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Mitschke N, Eruçar G, Fsadni MH, Roberts AR, Sadeghi MM, Golding BT, Christoffers J, Wilkes H. Enantiopure 2,9‐Dideuterodecane – Preparation and Proof of Enantiopurity. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Mitschke
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres (ICBM) Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Gülsera Eruçar
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Miriam H. Fsadni
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building Newcastle University NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Amy R. Roberts
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building Newcastle University NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Majid M. Sadeghi
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building Newcastle University NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building Newcastle University NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Heinz Wilkes
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres (ICBM) Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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10
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Zoller B, Stach T, Huy PH. Lewis Base Catalysis Enables the Activation of Alcohols by means of Chloroformates as Phosgene Substitutes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zoller
- Saarland University Organic Chemistry P. O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
- Current address Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) University Campus E8.1, room 2.29 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Tanja Stach
- Saarland University Organic Chemistry P. O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
- Current address: Endotherm GmbH Science Park 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Peter H. Huy
- Saarland University Organic Chemistry P. O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
- Rostock University Institute for Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Str. 3A 18059 Rostock Germany
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11
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Huy PH. Lewis Base Catalysis Promoted Nucleophilic Substitutions – Recent Advances and Future Directions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Huy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Saarland University P. O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbruecken Germany
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