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Moulin E, Carmona-Vargas CC, Giuseppone N. Daisy chain architectures: from discrete molecular entities to polymer materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7333-7358. [PMID: 37850236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Daisy chain architectures, made by the self-complementary threading of an axle covalently linked to a macrocycle, represent a particularly intriguing family of supramolecular and mechanically interlocked (macro)molecules. In this review, we discuss their recent history, their modular chemical structures, and the various synthetic strategies to access them. We also detail how their internal sliding motions can be controlled and how their integration within polymers can amplify that motions up to the macroscopic scale. This overview of the literature demonstrates that the peculiar structure and dynamics of daisy chains have already strongly influenced the research on artificial molecular machines, with the potential to be implemented from nanometric switchable devices to mechanically active soft-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christian C Carmona-Vargas
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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2
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Saura‐Sanmartin A, Schalley CA. The Mobility of Homomeric Lasso‐ and Daisy Chain‐Like Rotaxanes in Solution and in the Gas Phase as a means to Study Structure and Switching Behaviour. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura‐Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Calle Campus Universitario, 5 30100 Murcia Spain
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Pastor A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Maximizing the [ c2]daisy chain to lasso ratio through competitive self-templating clipping reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:290-293. [PMID: 34881747 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-templating two-component coupling reactions allowed the isolation of two threaded products with different molecular sizes: a lasso-type [1]rotaxane and a [c2]daisy chain rotaxane. Their distribution in the final reaction mixture varies as a factor of the concentration of the reactants. Through this methodology we obtained a large 84-membered cyclic multistation [2]rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Tsuda S, Komai Y, Fujiwara SI, Nishiyama Y. Cyclodextrin-Based [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane Insulating Two Diarylacetylene Cores. Chemistry 2021; 27:1966-1969. [PMID: 33089897 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A [c2]daisy chain rotaxane with two diarylacetylene cores was efficiently synthesized in 53 % yield by capping a C2 -symmetric pseudo[2]rotaxane composed of two diarylacetylene-substituted permethylated α-cyclodextrins (PM α-CDs) with aniline stoppers. The maximum absorption wavelength of the [c2]daisy chain rotaxane remained almost unchanged in various solvents, unlike that of the stoppered monomer, indicating that the two independent diarylacetylene cores were insulated from the external environment by the PM α-CDs. Furthermore, the [c2]daisy chain rotaxane exhibited fluorescence emission derived from both diarylacetylene monomers and the excimer, which implies that the [c2]daisy chain structure can undergo contraction and extension. This is the first demonstration of a system in which excimer formation between two π-conjugated molecules within an isolated space can be controlled by the unique motion of a [c2]daisy chain rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, 5731121, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Komai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 5648680, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, 5731121, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nishiyama
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 5648680, Japan
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Van Raden JM, Jarenwattananon NN, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Active Metal Template Synthesis and Characterization of a Nanohoop [
c
2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane. Chemistry 2020; 26:10205-10209. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schröder HV, Schalley CA. Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes: recent strides in new directions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9626-9639. [PMID: 32110308 PMCID: PMC7020790 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Are they still electrifying? Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes are well known for their ability to efficiently undergo changes of (co-)conformation and properties under redox-control. Thus, these mechanically interlocked assemblies represent an auspicious liaison between the fields of molecular switches and molecular electronics. Since the first reported example of a redox-switchable molecular shuttle in 1994, improved tools of organic and supramolecular synthesis have enabled sophisticated new architectures, which provide precise control over properties and function. This perspective covers recent advances in the area of electrochemically active rotaxanes including novel molecular switches and machines, metal-containing rotaxanes, non-equilibrium systems and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
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Chen J, Tao W, Chen W, Xiao Y, Wang K, Cao C, Yu J, Li S, Geng F, Adachi C, Lee C, Zhang X. Red/Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs with Near 100 % Internal Quantum Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Xiong Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Wen Tao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Cheng Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Fang Xiao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Feng‐Xia Geng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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Chen JX, Tao WW, Chen WC, Xiao YF, Wang K, Cao C, Yu J, Li S, Geng FX, Adachi C, Lee CS, Zhang XH. Red/Near-Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs with Near 100 % Internal Quantum Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14660-14665. [PMID: 31313424 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, attainable for both high-efficient red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and non-doped deep red/near-infrared (NIR) OLEDs, is challenging. Now, two red emitters, BPPZ-PXZ and mDPBPZ-PXZ, with twisted donor-acceptor structures were designed and synthesized to study molecular design strategies of high-efficiency red TADF emitters. BPPZ-PXZ employs the strictest molecular restrictions to suppress energy loss and realizes red emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL ) of 100±0.8 % and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.2 % in a doped OLED. Its non-doped OLED has an EQE of 2.5 % owing to unavoidable intermolecular π-π interactions. mDPBPZ-PXZ releases two pyridine substituents from its fused acceptor moiety. Although mDPBPZ-PXZ realizes a lower EQE of 21.7 % in the doped OLED, its non-doped device shows a superior EQE of 5.2 % with a deep red/NIR emission at peak of 680 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiong Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Tao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Fang Xiao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Xia Geng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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