1
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Tong Z, Smith PJ, Pickford HD, Christensen KE, Anderson EA. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization of Yndiamides with Isoxazoles via α-Imino Gold Fischer Carbenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302821. [PMID: 37767940 PMCID: PMC10947298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Gold catalysis is an important method for alkyne functionalization. Here we report the gold-catalyzed formal [3+2] aminative cyclization of yndiamides and isoxazoles in a direct synthesis of polysubstituted diaminopyrroles, which are important motifs in drug discovery. Key to this process is the formation, and subsequent cyclization, of an α-imino gold Fischer carbene, which represents a new type of gold carbene intermediate. The reaction proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, with high regioselectivity being achieved by introducing a subtle steric bias between the nitrogen substituents on the yndiamide. DFT calculations revealed that the key to this regioselectivity was the interconversion of isomeric gold keteniminiun ions via a low-barrier π-complex transition state, which establishes a Curtin-Hammett scenario for isoxazole addition. By using benzisoxazoles as substrates, the reaction outcome could be switched to a formal [5+2] cyclization, leading to 1,4-oxazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Tong
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Philip J. Smith
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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2
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Bogdos MK, Müller P, Morandi B. Structural Evidence for Aromatic Heterocycle N–O Bond Activation via Oxidative Addition. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Bogdos
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Müller
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Agafonova AV, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. 5-Chloroisoxazoles: A Versatile Starting Material for the Preparation of Amides, Anhydrides, Esters, and Thioesters of 2 H-Azirine-2-carboxylic Acids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010275. [PMID: 36615468 PMCID: PMC9822487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amides, anhydrides, esters, and thioesters of 2H-azirine-2-carboxylic acids were prepared by a rapid procedure at room temperature involving FeCl2-catalyzed isomerization of 5-chloroisoxazoles to 2H-azirine-2-carbonyl chlorides, followed by reaction with N-, O-, or S-nucleophiles mediated by an ortho-substituted pyridine. With readily available chloroisoxazoles and a nucleophile, 2-picoline can be used as an inexpensive base. When a high yield of the acylation product is important, the reagent 2-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine/ethyl chloroformate is more suitable for the acylation with 2H-azirine-2-carbonyl chlorides.
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4
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Loro C, Molteni L, Papis M, Lo Presti L, Foschi F, Beccalli EM, Broggini G. Non-Decarboxylative Ruthenium-Catalyzed Rearrangement of 4-Alkylidene-isoxazol-5-ones to Pyrazole- and Isoxazole-4-carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:3092-3096. [PMID: 35439418 PMCID: PMC9062882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 4-(2-hydroaminoalkylidenyl)- and 4-(2-hydroxyalkylidenyl)-substituted isoxazol-5(4H)-ones with catalytic amounts of [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2, without any additive, afforded pyrazole- and isoxazole-4-carboxylic acids, respectively. The presence of an intramolecular H-bond in these substrates was the key to divert the classical mechanism toward a ring-opening non-decarboxylative path that is expected to generate a vinyl Ru-nitrenoid intermediate, the cyclization of which affords the rearranged products. A gram scale protocol demonstrated the synthetic applicability of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Loro
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università
degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Letizia Molteni
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Papis
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università
degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università
degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università
degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
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5
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Karetnikov GL, Skvortsov DA, Lopatukhina EV, Nikolaeva SN, Bondarenko OB. Two‐stage Regioselective Access to Non‐symmetric 3,5‐Diarylisoxazoles: Synthesis of Combretastatin A‐4 analogues. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgy L. Karetnikov
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1–3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Skvortsov
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1–3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena V. Lopatukhina
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1–3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Nikolaeva
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1–3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Oksana B. Bondarenko
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1–3 119991 Moscow Russia
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6
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Vasilenko DA, Dronov SE, Parfiryeu DU, Sadovnikov KS, Sedenkova KN, Grishin YK, Rybakov VB, Kuznetsova TS, Averina EB. 5-Nitroisoxazoles in S NAr reactions: access to polysubstituted isoxazole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6447-6454. [PMID: 34236067 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the straightforward functionalization of the isoxazole ring via the reactions of aromatic nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group with various nucleophiles has been elaborated. The method features excellent chemical yields, easy operability of the reaction, mild reaction conditions and a broad scope of both 5-nitroisoxazoles and nucleophiles. A synthetic approach to 3,5- and 3,4,5-substituted isoxazoles via the sequential functionalization of the isoxazole ring has been developed based on the excellent regioselectivity of the reaction of 3,5-dinitroisoxazoles with nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Vasilenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sevastian E Dronov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dzianis U Parfiryeu
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kirill S Sadovnikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kseniya N Sedenkova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia and IPhaC RAS, Severnyi Proezd, 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia.
| | - Yuri K Grishin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor B Rybakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tamara S Kuznetsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena B Averina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia and IPhaC RAS, Severnyi Proezd, 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia.
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7
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Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 3,4-disubstituted 5-bromoisoxazoles: An efficient access to trisubstituted isoxazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Reihani N, Kiyani H. Three-component Synthesis of 4-Arylidene-3-alkylisoxazol-5(4H)-ones in the Presence of Potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210212120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 4-arylidene-3-alkylisoxazole-5(4H)-ones has been implemented
via the three-component cyclocondensation of aryl(heteroaryl)aldehydes with hydroxylamine
hydrochloride and β-ketoesters. The potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide has
been introduced as the new organocatalyst to facilitate this heterocyclization. In the current
process, three starting materials, including substituted benzaldehydes/heterocyclic aromatic
aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and ethyl acetoacetate/propyl acetoacetate/butyryl
acetoacetate have been successfully used to synthesize the number of substituted isoxazole-
5(4H)-ones in good to high yields in ethylene glycol as a green reaction medium at 80 ºC. The
low catalyst loading is also a main advantage over some reported catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Reihani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan,Iran
| | - Hamzeh Kiyani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan,Iran
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9
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10
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Synthesis of 2-[2-(hydroxyimino)alkyl]-1,2-oxazol-5(2Н)-ones. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Li J, Lin Z, Wu W, Jiang H. Recent advances in metal catalyzed or mediated cyclization/functionalization of alkynes to construct isoxazoles. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarized the recent developments in metal catalyzed or mediated cyclization/functionalization of alkynes to construct isoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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12
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da Silva AF, Leonarczyk IA, Ferreira MAB, Jurberg ID. Diastereodivergent aminocatalyzed spirocyclization strategies using 4-alkylideneisoxazol-5-ones and methyl vinyl ketones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diasterodivergent aminocatalyzed approaches starting from 4-alkylideneisoxazol-5-ones and methyl vinyl ketones have been developed for the synthesis of racemic 6,10-cis-spiroisoxazol-5-ones and highly enantioenriched 6,10-trans-spiroisoxazol-5-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ives A. Leonarczyk
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem)
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Marco A. B. Ferreira
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem)
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Igor D. Jurberg
- Institute of Chemistry
- State University of Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
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