1
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Rehpenn A, Hindelang S, Truong KN, Pöthig A, Storch G. Enhancing Flavins Photochemical Activity in Hydrogen Atom Abstraction and Triplet Sensitization through Ring-Contraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318590. [PMID: 38339882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The isoalloxazine heterocycle of flavin cofactors reacts with various nucleophiles to form covalent adducts with important functions in enzymes. Molecular flavin models allow for the characterization of such adducts and the study of their properties. A fascinating set of reactions occurs when flavins react with hydroxide base, which leads to imidazolonequinoxalines, ring-contracted flavins, with so far unexplored activity. We report a systematic study of the photophysical properties of this new chromophore by absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. Excited, ring-contracted flavins are significantly stronger hydrogen atom abstractors when compared to the parent flavins, which allowed the direct trifluoromethylthiolation of aliphatic methine positions (bond dissociation energy (BDE) of 400.8 kJ mol-1). In an orthogonal activity, their increased triplet energy (E(S0←T1)=244 kJ mol-1) made sensitized reactions possible which exceeded the power of standard flavins. Combining both properties, ring-contracted flavin catalysts enabled the one-pot, five-step transformation of α-tropolone into trans-3,4-disubstituted cyclopentanones. We envision this new class of flavin-derived chromophores to open up new modes of reactivity that are currently impossible with unmodified flavins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rehpenn
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Hindelang
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Rigaku Europe SE, Hugenottenallee 167, 63263, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Golo Storch
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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2
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Barløse CL, Faghtmann J, Kaasik M, Mastroddi R, Jørgensen KA. Exploring Heterotropones and Examining Their Propensity to Undergo [4 + 2] Cycloadditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:1539-1543. [PMID: 38364106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient strategy to obtain a broad array of chiral and achiral heterotropones and their corresponding [4 + 2] cycloadducts is disclosed. This strategy enables access to unique heterotropones and intricate bicyclic structures in high yields and diastereoselectivities through a simple procedure and from easily accessible starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Faghtmann
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Roberta Mastroddi
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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3
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Zhang J, Luo ZX, Wu X, Gao CF, Wang PY, Chai JZ, Liu M, Ye XS, Xiong DC. Photosensitizer-free visible-light-promoted glycosylation enabled by 2-glycosyloxy tropone donors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8025. [PMID: 38049421 PMCID: PMC10695961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical glycosylation has attracted considerable attention in carbohydrate chemistry. However, to the best of our knowledge, visible-light-promoted glycosylation via photoactive glycosyl donor has not been reported. In the study, we report a photosensitizer-free visible-light-mediated glycosylation approach using a photoactive 2-glycosyloxy tropone as the donor. This glycosylation reaction proceeds at ambient temperature to give a wide range of O-glycosides or oligosaccharides with yields up to 99%. This method is further applied in the stereoselective preparation of various functional glycosyl phosphates/phosphosaccharides, the construction of N-glycosides/nucleosides, and the late-stage glycosylation of natural products or pharmaceuticals on gram scales, and the iterative synthesis of hexasaccharide. The protocol features uncomplicated conditions, operational simplicity, wide substrate scope (58 examples), excellent compatibility with functional groups, scalability of products (7 examples), and high yields. It provides an efficient glycosylation method for accessing O/N-glycosides and glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chen-Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin-Ze Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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4
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Usui K, Amano A, Murayama K, Sasaya M, Kusumoto R, Umeno T, Murase S, Iizuka N, Matsumoto S, Fuchi Y, Takahashi K, Kawahata M, Kobori Y, Karasawa S. Photoisomerization of "Partially Embedded Dihydropyridazine" with a Helical Structure. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302413. [PMID: 37612241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of two "partially embedded fused-dihydropyridazine N-aryl aza[5]helicene derivatives" (PDHs) and the demonstration of their intrinsic photo-triggered multi-functional properties based on a Kekulé biradical structure. Introducing bulky electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl groups into the aza[5]helicene framework (PDH-CF3 and -C2 F5 ) gives PDH axial chirality based on the helicity of the P and M forms, even at room temperature. Upon photo-irradiation of PDH-CF3 in a frozen solution, an ESR signal from the triplet biradical with zero-field splitting values, generated by N-N bond dissociation, was observed. However, when the irradiation was turned off, the ESR signal became silent, thus indicating the existence of two equilibria: between the biradical and quinoidal forms based on the Kekulé structure, and between N-N bond cleavage and recombination. The observed photo- and thermally induced behaviors indicate that T-type photochromic molecules are involved in the photoisomerization mechanism involving the two equilibria. Inspired by the photoisomerization, chirality control of PDH by photoracemization was achieved. Multiple functionalities, such as T-type photochromism, photo-excitation-mediated triplet biradical formation, and photoracemization, which are attributed to the "partially embedded dihydropyridazine" structure, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Usui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ami Amano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kasumi Murayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Sasaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ryota Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Umeno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Satsuki Murase
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Naoko Iizuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shota Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Fuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Karasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
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5
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Milyutin CV, Komogortsev AN, Lichitsky BV, Minyaev ME, Melekhina VG. Synthesis of substituted 8 H-benzo[ h]pyrano[2,3- f]quinazolin-8-ones via photochemical 6π-electrocyclization of pyrimidines containing an allomaltol fragment. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:778-788. [PMID: 37346494 PMCID: PMC10280060 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, we elaborated a method for the synthesis of pyrimidines containing an allomaltol unit. The suggested approach is based on the reaction of 2-(1-(dimethylamino)-3-oxo-3-arylprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ones with cyanamide. The photochemical behavior of the obtained pyrimidines was investigated. It was shown that for the hydroxy derivatives the main pathway of phototransformation is a 6π-electrocyclization of the 1,3,5-hexatriene system and subsequent [1,9]-H sigmatropic shift leading to dihydrobenzo[h]pyrano[2,3-f]quinazolines. At the same time, for methylated analogues the photoreaction proceeds in two directions resulting in the formation of a mixture of the corresponding dihydrobenzo[h]pyrano[2,3-f]quinazolines and polyaromatic products. The obtained dihydro derivatives are stable compounds and do not undergo aromatization upon further UV irradiation. The structures of two of the dihydrobenzo[h]pyrano[2,3-f]quinazolines were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on the performed studies, a two-stage telescopic method for the synthesis of polyaromatic benzo[h]pyrano[2,3-f]quinazolines including the initial photocyclization of the starting pyrimidines and the final dehydration was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine V Milyutin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Nikolaevich Komogortsev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Boris V Lichitsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriya G Melekhina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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6
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Gardner KE, Sarpong R. Synthesis of substituted benzoates using a rhodium-mediated Hopf cyclization of 1,3-dien-5-ynes accessed from 2-pyrones. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Li J, Lopez SA. Excited-State Distortions Promote the Photochemical 4π-Electrocyclizations of Fluorobenzenes via Machine Learning Accelerated Photodynamics Simulations. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200651. [PMID: 35474348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene fluorination increases chemoselectivities for Dewar-benzenes via 4π-disrotatory electrocyclization. However, the origin of the chemo- and regioselectivities of fluorobenzenes remains unexplained because of the experimental limitations in resolving the excited-state structures on ultrafast timescales. The computational cost of multiconfigurational nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations is also currently cost-prohibitive. We now provide high-fidelity structural information and reaction outcome predictions with machine-learning-accelerated photodynamics simulations of a series of fluorobenzenes, C6 F6-n Hn , n=0-3, to study their S1 →S0 decay in 4 ns. We trained neural networks with XMS-CASPT2(6,7)/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations, which reproduced the S1 absorption features with mean absolute errors of 0.04 eV (<2 nm). The predicted nonradiative decay constants for C6 F4 H2 , C6 F6 , C6 F3 H3 , and C6 F5 H are 116, 60, 28, and 12 ps, respectively, in broad qualitative agreement with the experiments. Our calculations show that a pseudo Jahn-Teller distortion of fluorinated benzenes leads to an S1 local-minimum region that extends the excited-state lifetimes of fluorobenzenes. The pseudo Jahn-Teller distortions reduce when fluorination decreases. Our analysis of the S1 dynamics shows that the pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortions promote an excited-state cis-trans isomerization of a πC-C bond. We characterized the surface hopping points from our NAMD simulations and identified instantaneous nuclear momentum as a factor that promotes the electrocyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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8
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Liu C, Shangguan X, Li Y, Zhang Q. Copper-catalyzed radical cascade reaction of simple cyclobutanes: synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutene derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7886-7891. [PMID: 35865909 PMCID: PMC9258397 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclobutenes as versatile and highly valuable synthons have been widely applied in synthesis. Although various methods for their synthesis have been well established, new strategies for the construction of the cyclobutene skeleton from simple substrates are still highly desirable. Starting from simple cyclobutanes, the construction of the cyclobutene skeleton especially introducing multiple functional groups simultaneously had never been achieved. Here, we developed a novel radical cascade strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutenes directly from cyclobutanes involving rare cleavage of four or five C–H bonds and formation of two C–N/C–S or three C–Br bonds. With copper as catalyst and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as oxidant, a wide range of diaminated, disulfonylated and tribrominated cyclobutene derivatives were efficiently synthesized. A novel radical cascade strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutenes directly from cyclobutanes involving rare four or five C–H bonds cleavage and two C–N/C–S or three C–Br bonds formation has been successfully developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Xiaoyan Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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9
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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10
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Grantham HF, Kimber MC. Dimeric Cyclobutane Formation Under Continuous Flow Conditions Using Organophotoredox‐Catalysed [2+2] Cycloaddition**. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena F. Grantham
- School of Science Department of Chemistry Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Marc C. Kimber
- School of Science Department of Chemistry Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
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11
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Ma X, Zhu B, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Mei X. Stabilizing photo-sensitive colchicine through rebalancing electron distribution of the reactive tropolone ring. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-sensitive tropolone was stabilized by rebalancing the electron distribution of the reactive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry ResearchCenter
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Bingqing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry ResearchCenter
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Zeen Yang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry ResearchCenter
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry ResearchCenter
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry ResearchCenter
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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12
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Palani V, Perea MA, Gardner KE, Sarpong R. A pyrone remodeling strategy to access diverse heterocycles: application to the synthesis of fascaplysin natural products. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1528-1534. [PMID: 34163915 PMCID: PMC8179101 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06317g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of diverse N-fused heterocycles, including the pyrido[1,2-a]indole scaffold, using an efficient pyrone remodeling strategy is described. The pyrido[1,2-a]indole core was demonstrated to be a versatile scaffold that can be site-selectively functionalized. The utility of this novel annulation strategy was showcased in a concise formal synthesis of three fascaplysin congeners. The synthesis of diverse N-fused heterocycles, including the pyrido[1,2-a]indole scaffold, using an efficient pyrone remodeling strategy is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Melecio A Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Kristen E Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
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13
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Britten TK, Kemmitt PD, Halcovitch NR, Coote SC. 4-π-Photocyclization of 1,2-Dihydropyridazines: An Approach to Bicyclic 1,2-Diazetidines with Rich Synthetic Potential. Org Lett 2019; 21:9232-9235. [PMID: 31696716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 4-π-photocyclization of a range of 1,2-dihydropyridazines is described, generating bicyclic 1,2-diazetidines in high yields on multigram scale. The key bicyclic 1,2-diazetidines are versatile synthetic intermediates and were easily converted into a range of novel derivatives, including functionalized 1,2-diazetidines, cyclobutenes, cyclobutanes, and 1,3-dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Britten
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Bailrigg, Lancaster , LA1 4YB , U.K
| | - Paul D Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R & D , AstraZeneca , Cambridge , CB10 1XL , U.K
| | - Nathan R Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Bailrigg, Lancaster , LA1 4YB , U.K
| | - Susannah C Coote
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Bailrigg, Lancaster , LA1 4YB , U.K
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