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Adarsh Krishna TP, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Edachery B, Antony Ceasar S. Guggulsterone - a potent bioactive phytosteroid: synthesis, structural modification, and its improved bioactivities. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:55-69. [PMID: 38283224 PMCID: PMC10809385 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Guggulsterone is a phytosteroid derived from the oleo-gum resin of the critically endangered plant Commiphora wightii. This molecule has attracted increasing attention due to its excellent biochemistry potential and the compound has consequently been evaluated in clinical trials. With a low concentration in natural resources but wide medicinal and therapeutic value, chemists have developed several synthetic routes for guggulsterone starting from various steroid precursors. Moreover, numerous studies have attempted to modify its structure to improve the biological properties. Nowadays, green and sustainable chemistry has also attracted more attention for advanced chemical processes and reactions in steroid chemistry. The present review aimed to summarize the literature and provide an update about the improvements in the chemical synthesis and structural modification of guggulsterone from the view of green chemistry. Moreover, this review encompasses the improved activities of structurally modified guggulsterone derivatives. We expect that the information provided here will be useful to researchers working in this field and on this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Adarsh Krishna
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd Kerala 686 662 India
| | - T P Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
| | - Baldev Edachery
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd Kerala 686 662 India
| | - S Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
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2
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Dembitsky VM. Steroids Bearing Heteroatom as Potential Drugs for Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2698. [PMID: 37893072 PMCID: PMC10604304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom steroids, a diverse class of organic compounds, have attracted significant attention in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. The biological profiles of heteroatom steroids are of considerable interest to chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry. These compounds have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the incorporation of heteroatoms has led to the development of targeted drug delivery systems, prodrugs, and other innovative pharmaceutical approaches. Heteroatom steroids represent a fascinating area of research, bridging the fields of organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology. The exploration of their chemical diversity and biological activities holds promise for the discovery of novel drug candidates and the development of more effective and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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3
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Abstract
ConspectusSteroids continue to play a significant role in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and drug discovery due to their important biological activities and diverse intriguing structures. Although synthetic organic chemists have successfully constructed and elaborated the classical [6-6-6-5] tetracyclic steroid skeleton for nearly a century, synthesis of the unusual rearranged steroids, particularly abeo-steroids with a medium-sized ring, remains a challenge in the synthetic community. Furthermore, the structures of abeo-steroids are complex and diverse, containing a seven-membered ring embedded in the fused or bridged A/B ring system and possessing numerous stereogenic centers. Besides their structural complexity, various abeo-steroids have shown remarkable biological activities. However, the relative scarcity of abeo-steroids in natural sources has impeded the systematic evaluation of their biological activities. In addition, direct strategies to build the core structures of abeo-steroids are very rare, partially because of the high ring-strain energies of their rearranged A/B ring systems. Therefore, the development of direct and efficient synthetic approaches to these complex molecules is highly desired.Our long-standing interest in the total synthesis of abeo-steroids and the development of new cycloaddition reactions for streamlining complex molecule synthesis have led us to develop a series of unique and powerful intramolecular cycloaddition strategies to access a diverse array of highly strained abeo-steroids. These strategies include Ru-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition, acid-promoted type I [5 + 2] cycloaddition, Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition, and type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Since 2018, we have accomplished the first total syntheses of five synthetically challenging abeo-steroids, i.e., bufogargarizins A and B, phomarol, bufospirostenin A, and cyclocitrinol, thus facilitating the evaluation of their pharmacological potentials. In this Account, we summarize our laboratory's systematic efforts in the total synthesis of these abeo-steroids via cycloaddition strategies. We highlight the efficiency and versatility of each cycloaddition strategy for constructing structurally complex abeo-steroid cores by forming the A/B ring system. The evolution of each strategy and key lessons learned from the synthetic journey are also discussed. We believe that our unique perspective in this field will promote advances in the total synthesis of abeo- and related steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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4
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Kõllo M, Rõuk K, Järving I, Pehk T, Lopp M. Towards the total synthesis of 9,11-secosterol: Linking A,B- and D-rings with Michael addition to sulfone-activated cyclopentanone. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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5
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Zhong LP, Feng R, Wang JJ, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Twin Bufogargarizins A and B. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2098-2103. [PMID: 36656917 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The first and asymmetric total synthesis of bufogargarizins A and B, two unusual and highly oxygenated twin steroids with rearranged A/B rings, was achieved. The synthetically challenging [7-5-6-5] tetracyclic ring system of bufogargarizin A was efficiently constructed by the first intramolecular Ru-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of a vinyl ether cyclopropane-yne. Notably, the interesting [5-7-6-5] tetracyclic skeleton of bufogargarizin B was diastereoselectively reassembled by unique retro-aldol/transannular aldol cascade reactions from the [7-5-6-5] tetracyclic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zhong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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6
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Nicholson JM, Millham AB, Bucknam AR, Markham LE, Sailors XI, Micalizio GC. General Enantioselective and Stereochemically Divergent Four-Stage Approach to Fused Tetracyclic Terpenoid Systems. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3352-3362. [PMID: 35175755 PMCID: PMC9438405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclic terpenoid-derived natural products are a broad class of medically relevant agents that include well-known steroid hormones and related structures, as well as more synthetically challenging congeners such as limonoids, cardenolides, lanostanes, and cucurbitanes, among others. These structurally related compound classes present synthetically disparate challenges based, in part, on the position and stereochemistry of the numerous quaternary carbon centers that are common to their tetracyclic skeletons. While de novo syntheses of such targets have been a topic of great interest for over 50 years, semisynthesis is often how synthetic variants of these natural products are explored as biologically relevant materials and how such agents are further matured as therapeutics. Here, focus was directed at establishing an efficient, stereoselective, and molecularly flexible de novo synthetic approach that could offer what semisynthetic approaches do not. In short, a unified strategy to access common molecular features of these natural product families is described that proceeds in four stages: (1) conversion of epichlorohydrin to stereodefined enynes, (2) metallacycle-mediated annulative cross-coupling to generate highly substituted hydrindanes, (3) tetracycle formation by stereoselective forging of the C9-C10 bond, and (4) group-selective oxidative rearrangement that repositions a quaternary center from C9 to C10. These studies have defined the structural features required for highly stereoselective C9-C10 bond formation and document the generality of this four-stage synthetic strategy to access a range of unique stereodefined systems, many of which bear stereochemistry/substitution/functionality not readily accessible from semisynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Adam B. Millham
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Andrea R. Bucknam
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Lauren E. Markham
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Xenia Ivanna Sailors
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Vorontsova SK, Zavarzin IV, Shirinian VZ, Bozhenko EI, Andreeva OE, Sorokin DV, Scherbakov AM, Minyaev ME. Synthesis and crystal structures of D-annulated pentacyclic steroids: looking within and beyond AR signalling in prostate cancer. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocyclic steroids D-annulated at 16α and 17α positions with a 5-membered ring E are easily accessible via the interrupted Nazarov cyclization. Three steroid series have been structurally studied: chlorine-containing D-annulated...
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8
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Liu B, Qi J, Wu Y, Li JH, Li Y, Duan XY. The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of isoindigos with enals: the enantioselective construction of three contiguous stereogenic centers. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An NHC-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of enals and isoindigo is introduced as an efficient strategy for the construction of dimeric spirocyclic bisindoline alkaloid derivatives with moderate yields and good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
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9
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Synthesis and Evaluation of C2-Symmetric SPIROL-Based bis-Oxazoline Ligands. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis of new bis-oxazoline chiral ligands (SPIROX) derived from the C2-symmetric spirocyclic scaffold (SPIROL). The readily available (R,R,R)-SPIROL (2) previously developed by our group was subjected to a three-step sequence that provided key diacid intermediate (R,R,R)-7 in 75% yield. This intermediate was subsequently coupled with (R)- and (S)-phenylglycinols to provide diastereomeric products, the cyclization of which led to two diastereomeric SPIROX ligands (R,R,R,R,R)-3a and (R,R,R,S,S)-3b in 85% and 79% yield, respectively. The complexation of (R,R,R,R,R)-3a and (R,R,R,S,S)-3b with CuCl and Cu(OTf)2 resulted in active catalysts that promoted the asymmetric reaction of α-diazopropionate and phenol. The resultant O–H insertion product was formed in 88% yield, and with excellent selectivity (97% ee) when ligand (R,R,R,R,R)-3a was used.
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10
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Abstract
This article describes a concise synthesis of cardiotonic steroids oleandrigenin (7) and its subsequent elaboration into the natural product rhodexin B (2) from the readily available intermediate (8) that could be derived from the commercially available steroids testosterone or DHEA via three-step sequences. These studies feature an expedient installation of the β16-oxidation based on β14-hydroxyl-directed epoxidation and subsequent epoxide rearrangement. The following singlet oxygen oxidation of the C17 furan moiety provides access to oleandrigenin (7) in 12 steps (LLS) and a 3.1% overall yield from 8. The synthetic oleandrigenin (7) was successfully glycosylated with l-rhamnopyranoside-based donor 28 using a Pd(II)-catalyst, and the subsequent deprotection under acidic conditions provided cytotoxic natural product rhodexin B (2) in a 66% yield (two steps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fejedelem
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nolan Carney
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Mutoh H, Nakamura S, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Construction of Pentacyclic Limonoid Skeletons via Radical Cascade Reactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6869-6878. [PMID: 33905252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limonoids 1 and 2 share a 6/6/6/5-membered ABCD-ring system and a six-membered oxacycle and differ in their C9-stereochemistries. A new radical-based strategy was devised to construct the pentacyclic skeletons of 1 and 2. An oxacycle-fused A-ring and enyne fragments were coupled to produce radical precursors 4a-4c with different C7-oxygen functionalities. The bridgehead tertiary bromide of 4a-4c participated in a radical cascade reaction with the three unsaturated bonds to cyclize the C9-diastereomeric BCD-rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mutoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Sommer F, Kappe CO, Cantillo D. Electrochemically Enabled One-Pot Multistep Synthesis of C19 Androgen Steroids. Chemistry 2021; 27:6044-6049. [PMID: 33556193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of many valuable C19 androgens can be accomplished by removal of the C17 side chain from more abundant corticosteroids, followed by further derivatization of the resulting 17-keto derivative. Conventional chemical reagents pose significant drawbacks for this synthetic strategy, as large amounts of waste are generated, and quenching of the reaction mixture and purification of the 17-ketosteroid intermediate are typically required. Herein, we present mild, safe, and sustainable electrochemical strategies for the preparation of C19 steroids. A reagent and catalyst free protocol for the removal of the C17 side chain of corticosteroids via anodic oxidation has been developed, enabling several one-pot, multistep procedures for the synthesis of androgen steroids. In addition, simultaneous anodic C17 side chain cleavage and cathodic catalytic hydrogenation of a steroid has been demonstrated, rendering a convenient and highly atom economic procedure for the synthesis of saturated androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sommer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
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13
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Watanabe S, Nishikawa T, Nakazaki A. Total Synthesis of the Cardiotonic Steroid (+)-Cannogenol. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3605-3614. [PMID: 33538172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of (+)-cannogenol, an aglycon common to various biologically important cardiotonic glycosides, has been achieved. Synthesis of the versatile intermediate involves Mizoroki-Heck and intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions from the enantiomerically pure CD-ring segment, newly prepared in a multidecagram scale this time. Total synthesis by the site-selective transformations of the versatile intermediate demonstrated the applicability of our synthetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Watanabe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Over the course of the present studies, a series of optically pure phosphines functionalized by chiral aziridines was synthesized in reasonable/good chemical yields. Their catalytic activity was checked in the enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles by β-nitrostyrene in the presence of a copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate benzene complex. The corresponding Friedel–Crafts products were achieved efficiently in terms of chemical yield and enantioselectivity (up to 85% in some cases).
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16
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Cheng MJ, Zhong LP, Gu CC, Zhu XJ, Chen B, Liu JS, Wang L, Ye WC, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Bufospirostenin A. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12602-12607. [PMID: 32658467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first and asymmetric total synthesis of bioactive bufospirostenin A, an unusual spirostanol with rearranged A/B rings, was accomplished. The synthetically challenging [5-7-6-5] tetracyclic ring system, found in bufospirostenin A and some other natural products, was efficiently constructed by the unique intramolecular rhodium-catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction of an alkoxyallene-yne. The 11 stereocenters in the final product, including the 10 contiguous stereocenters, were installed diastereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jing Cheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen-Chen Gu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu-Jiang Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun-Shan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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17
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Townsend D, Shankland K, Weymouth-Wilson A, Komsta Z, Evans T, Cobb AJ. Synthesis of an intriguing steroidal constitutional isomer. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Fu S, Liu B. Recent progress in the synthesis of limonoids and limonoid-like natural products. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in syntheses of limonoids and limonoid-like natural products is reviewed. The current “state-of-art” advance on novel synthetic strategy are summarized and future outlook will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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