1
|
Balasubramani A, Ganaie BA, Mehta G. Direct Two Carbon Ring Expansion of 1-Indanones with Ynones: An Eco-Friendly, One-Flask Approach to Functionally Enriched 5H-Benzo[7]annulenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15452-15460. [PMID: 37880254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Direct 2C-ring expansion of 1-indanones with ynones to 5H-benzo[7]annulenes has been observed, and its generality has been gauged (19 examples). Overall, this simple and convenient cascade process to 5H-benzo[7]annulenes involves engagement of 1-indanone with two ynone moieties with formation of three new C-C σ-bonds, cleavage of C-C σ-bond, and concurrent functionality amplification. The resulting seven-membered ring, laced with an opportunistic disposition of four proximal functional groups, offers avenues for their further productive interplay. Our new approach embraces many green and eco-friendly features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dutta L, Mondal A, Maurya JP, Mukhopadhyay D, Ramasastry SSV. Conceptual advances in nucleophilic organophosphine-promoted transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11045-11056. [PMID: 37656437 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03648k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis by trivalent nucleophilic organophosphines has emerged as an essential tool in organic synthesis. Several new organic transformations promoted by phosphines substantiate and complement the existing synthetic chemistry tools. Mere design of the substrate and reagent combinations has introduced new modes of reactivity patterns, which are otherwise difficult to achieve. These design considerations have led to the rapid build-up of complex molecular entities and laid a solid foundation to synthesise bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This article presents an overview of some of the conceptual advances, including our contributions to nucleophilic organophosphine chemistry. The scope, limitations, mechanistic insights, and applications of these metal-free transformations are discussed elaborately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lona Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Jay Prakash Maurya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Dipto Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ganaie BA, Balasubramani A, Bhat BA, Mehta G. Indeno-Annulation of o-Formyl-Ynones, o-Bis-Ynones, and p-Bis- o-Formyl-Ynones with Dimethyl Acetone-1,3-Dicarboxylate: One Flask Cascade Synthesis of Functionally Endowed 9-Fluorenols and Indeno[1,2- b]fluorenols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11637-11649. [PMID: 37558646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A mild, scalable, one-pot access to multifunctional 9-fluorenols from o-formyl-ynones and o-bis-ynones on reaction with dimethylacetone-1,3-dicarboxyate through tandem Michael addition-Aldol condensation cascade has been conceptualized and executed. The scope and utility of this synthetic approach have been further amplified for one-pot entry into functionally enhanced, higher order fluorenols like pentacyclic indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diols and further to indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones through the implementation of "double indeno-annulation" tactic on p-bis-o-formyl ynones and dimethylacetone-1,3-dicarboxylate. Besides several green attributes, the current approach is also compatible with the emerging time and energy economy features and is a swift gateway to build complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bilal A Bhat
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute and Integrative Medicine Sanatnagar, Srinagar 190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Balasubramani A, Mehta G. One-Pot Synthesis of Functionally Enriched Benzo[ b]fluorenones: An Eco-Friendly Embedment of Diverse 1-Indanones into o-Bis-Ynones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:933-943. [PMID: 36602529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, base-promoted, one-pot, metal-free, open-flask synthesis of diverse, functionally enriched benzo[b]fluoren-11-ones has been discovered, and wide applicability of this exceptionally simple protocol with green flavors has been scoped. This synthesis proceeds via an unanticipated, tandem, double-aldol condensation between in situ-generated 1-indanone dianions and o-bis-ynones to furnish benzo[b]fluoren-11-ones harboring as many as six variegated substituents on their tetracyclic framework. This methodology has also been amplified to access heterocyclic analogues 2- and 4-azabenzo[b]fluorenones of benzo[b]fluoren-11-ones and extended to mixed linear-angular annulated pentacyclic dibenzo[a,h]fluoren-13-one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sengupta S, Pabbaraja S, Mehta G. Domino Reactions through Recursive Anionic Cascades: The Advantageous Use of Nitronates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500046 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gunnam A, Balasubramani A, Mehta G. Recursive Anion-Triggered Tandem Reactions of ortho-Bis-ynones: Tunable Synthesis of 1-Indenones and Cyclopenta[ a]inden-8(2 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4376-4384. [PMID: 35226482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recursive anion-mediated activation of o-bis-ynones sets off a Michael addition-aldol reaction-dehydrative rearrangement cascade, leading to the one-pot synthesis of 1-indenones via orthogonal interplay between the two ortho-ynone moieties. Repeating the recursive anion engagement with the 1-indenones unfolded access to a functionally embellished cyclopenta[a]inden-8(2H)-one core and its spiroannulated analogues either directly or stepwise through tandem 1,6-Michael-type addition-6π electrocyclization and an in situ oxidation sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Gunnam
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | | | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarma MJ, Jindani S, Ganguly B, Pabbaraja S, Mehta G. Tandem Michael- anti-Michael Addition-Mediated Orthogonal Strapping of Diynones: Regioselective Spirocyclopentannulation of Oxindoles and Pyrazolones and DFT Validation. J Org Chem 2021; 87:884-891. [PMID: 34941241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol involving the transformation of sequentially generated recursive anions from heterocyclic precursors to orthogonally strap diynones through one pot transition-metal-free spirocyclopentannulation has been devised, employing oxindoles and pyrazolones as prototypical platforms. Insights into these regioselective tandem Michael-anti-Michael processes have been gleaned through DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Jyoti Sarma
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.,Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sana Jindani
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrumentation Facility, CSIR─Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrumentation Facility, CSIR─Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yasui M, Inoue M, Nakao K, Takeda N, Ueda M. Sc(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Iodocyclization/Ritter-Type Amidation of N-Alkoxypropiolamides: A Synthetic Strategy for Isoxazol-3(2 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15498-15508. [PMID: 34670082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed iodocyclization/Ritter-type amidation of N-alkoxypropiolamides for the synthesis of 4-iodoisoxazol-3(2H)-ones bearing an amide group has been developed. This domino protocol allows the construction of a valuable heterocycle, isoxazol-3(2H)-one, as well as the introduction of two functional groups. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and can be carried out on a large scale. Control experiments suggest that Sc(OTf)3 acts as a dual activator for both the iodocyclization and amidation steps. In addition, the N-alkoxy group in the substrate suppresses some of the side reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Maki Inoue
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kotone Nakao
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Zhou D, Li L, Luo H, Cui L, Yang W. Rapid and efficient synthesis of formamidines in a catalyst-free and solvent-free system. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33868-33871. [PMID: 35497291 PMCID: PMC9042323 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An operationally rapid and efficient synthesis of N-sulfonyl formamidines that proceeds under mild conditions was achieved by reaction of a mixture of an amine, a sulfonyl azide, and a terminal ynone under catalyst-free and solvent-free conditions. Terminal ynones provide the C source to formamidines via complete cleavage of C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Donghua Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang) Zhanjiang Guangdong 524023 China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang Zhanjiang Guangdong 524023 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Zhu H, Peng T, Yang D. Conjugated ynones in catalytic enantioselective reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2110-2145. [PMID: 33625439 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated ynones are easily accessible feedstock and the existence of an alkyne bond endows ynones with different attractive reactivities, thus making them unique substrates for catalytic asymmetric reactions. Their compatibility under organocatalytic, metal-catalyzed as well as cooperative catalytic conditions has resulted in numerous enantioselective transformations. Importantly, conjugated ynones can act as nucleophiles or electrophiles, and serve as easily accessed synthons for different cyclization pathways. This review summarizes the recent literature examples of the catalytic reactions of conjugated ynones and related compounds such as alkyne conjugated α-ketoesters, and classifies these reaction types alongside mechanistic insights whenever possible. We aim to trigger more intensive research in the future to render the asymmetric transformation of ynones as a common and reliable tool for asymmetric synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Haiyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Tianyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma D, Wang C, Kong D, Tu Y, Shi P, Bolm C. Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation in the Synthesis of
N
‐Ynonylsulfoximines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Deshen Kong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Yongliang Tu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun N, Yang H, Zheng K, Jin L, Hu B, Shen Z, Hu X. TBAF‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of Triazolo[4,5‐
c
]quinolines at Ambient Temperature. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie F, Zhang B, Chen Y, Jia H, Sun L, Zhuang K, Yin L, Cheng M, Lin B, Liu Y. A Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization to Benzo[
b
]indeno[1,2‐
e
][1,4]diazepines from
o
‐Phenylenediamines and Ynones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaitong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yin
- Shenyang Heshi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shengyang 110163 People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Murray BJ, Marsh TGF, Yufit DS, Fox MA, Harsanyi A, Boulton LT, Sandford G. HFO‐1234yf as a CF
3
‐Building Block: Synthesis and Chemistry of CF
3
‐Ynones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Murray
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road DH1 3LE Durham U.K
| | | | - Dmitri S. Yufit
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road DH1 3LE Durham U.K
| | - Mark A. Fox
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road DH1 3LE Durham U.K
| | - Antal Harsanyi
- Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd Gunnels Wood Road SG1 2NY Stevenage Hertfordshire U.K
| | - Lee T. Boulton
- Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd Gunnels Wood Road SG1 2NY Stevenage Hertfordshire U.K
| | - Graham Sandford
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road DH1 3LE Durham U.K
| |
Collapse
|