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Gao M, Lu S, Xu B. C-H functionalization enabled by multiple isocyanides. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39228343 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed significant advance of isocyanides as a class of versatile organic synthons as well as their broad applications in multi-component reactions (MCRs) and other tandem reactions. Reactions involving multiple isocyanides allow the construction of molecules with further diversification and complexity, while C-H functionalization emphasizes the advantages of high atom economy, broad substrate availability and great synthetic efficiency. This promising synergistic strategy of C-H functionalization involving multiple isocyanides provides a variety of valuable synthetic methods for organic chemists' toolbox and offers considerable potential in pharmaceutical chemistry and materials science as well. The present review outlines in detail various reaction types of C-H functionalization enabled by multiple isocyanides, and the relevant mechanistic rationale is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shaohang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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2
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Liu Y, Tan Q, Bao L, Nie Y, Zhang L, Hu Z, Xu X. De Novo Synthesis of 2,2'-Bipyridines and Related Bis-azines via Cascade Coupling and Double Pyridannulation of Isocyanides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5043-5048. [PMID: 38842341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a new and general protocol for the assembly of 2,2'-bipyridyls from nonpyridine substrates without using any metal catalysts or organometallic reagents. The process starts from the coupling of two 1,3-dienyl isocyanides followed by a 6π-electrocyclization/aromatization cascade featuring the simultaneous formation of two pyridine rings in a single operation. Notably, this strategy is also applicable to the construction of nonsymmetrical 2-(2-pyridyl)-quinolines/-quinoxalines. Furthermore, the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics endow our approach with great potential in biorelevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiujian Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lan Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yun Nie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lianshun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhongyan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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3
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Akbari A, Khosravi H, Bauer F, Rominger F, Breit B, Balalaie S. Metal- and solvent-free domino reaction of 2-isocyanophenol esters to benzoxazines: long-range 1,5-acyl migration on 1,4-diazabutatriene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5451-5454. [PMID: 38689554 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The first example of intramolecular nucleophilic addition of 1,4-diazabutatriene to ester is disclosed. This approach provides a facile and versatile synthesis for functionalized 2H-1,4-benzoxazines under metal-, reagent-, and solvent-free conditions. Experimental and computational studies revealed the pivotal role of 1,5-acyl migration as the self-catalytic step in the reaction selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Akbari
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hormoz Khosravi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Felix Bauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Guo X, Dong J, Zhu Y, Bao L, Hu Z, Xu X. Copper-catalyzed chemoselective heterocyclization of two isocyanides: facile access to pyrroloazepinone derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Bao L, Liu Y, Peng J, Wang Y, Dong J, Xu X. Chemoselective Trimerization of Isocyanides: De Novo Synthesis of 2-Indole-Substituted Quinolines and Pyridines. Org Lett 2021; 24:105-109. [PMID: 34889616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free chemoselective trimerization reaction of readily available isocyanides is described. This domino reaction provides facile access to a wide range of 2-(indol-2-yl)-quinolines and 2-(indol-2-yl)-pyridines in moderate to excellent yields. A "head to head" heterodimerization of two isocyanides is proposed as the key step of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jinghan Peng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jinhuan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
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6
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Hasegawa S, Ishida Y, Kawaguchi H. Systematic reductive oligomerization of isocyanides with a vanadium(ii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8296-8299. [PMID: 34318820 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a V(ii) complex as a reducing reagent, we demonstrate controlled reduction of isocyanides, resulting in decyanation of alkyl isocyanides to form a V(iii) cyanide complex or oligomerization of aryl isocyanides to form trimers and a tetramer. The pathways leading to the trimers involve a divanadium ynediamido intermediate, which further reacts with the third isocyanide molecule to selectively produce a tri(imino)deltate or an indolenine complex, by altering the temperature and stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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Marin-Luna M, Alajarin M. Unraveling the computed non-least motion pathway for the homodimerization of superchameleonic isocyanides: the peculiar nonsymmetrical (F-NC) 2 reactant complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16973-16980. [PMID: 34338701 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanides are commonly qualified as chameleonic compounds because of their reactions with both nucleophiles and electrophiles. In some instances, their chameleonic behavior changes to superchameleonic when they are involved in homodimerization processes, with the two initially identical isocyanide units adopting different roles along the reaction coordinate. We present here a detailed analysis of the computed non-least motion pathway that two isocyanides, the superchameleonic F-NC and, for the sake of comparison, the standard Me-NC, follow when reacting with themselves by comparing the evolution of a series of representative geometrical and electronic parameters along the respective reaction coordinates. This study shows that the two F-NC units are notoriously distinguishable from each other in all the parameters under scrutiny. Furthermore, we envisage that the superchameleonic character of F-NC seems to be most likely due to a minimal electrostatic interaction between the two entities at the earliest stage of the reaction. We also show that MeO-NC, MeS-NC and Me3P[double bond, length as m-dash]N-NC might be postulated as new examples of superchameleonic isocyanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Alajarin M, Marin-Luna M. Unmasking the elusive 1,4-diazabutatrienes: the stabilizing role of the N-substituents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6091-6097. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00274k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Challenging 1,4-diazabutatrienes are computed to be more stabilized by substituents with either good π-donor or σ-acceptor capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30100 Murcia
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30100 Murcia
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9
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Marin-Luna M, Alajarin M. In Search of 1,4-Diazabutatrienes, the Elusive Isocyanide Homodimers: The Superchameleonic F–NC. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11975-11979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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