One‐Pot Protection Strategy of Glucosamine to Assemble Building Blocks of Chitosan and Lipid A

Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of a TF-Based Cancer Vaccine Candidate Using Lipid A Mimetics As a Built-In Adjuvant

This study describes the design and synthesis of five TF-based cancer vaccine candidates using a lipid A mimetic as the carrier and a built-in adjuvant. All synthesized conjugates elicited robust and consistent TF-specific immune responses in mice without external adjuvants. Immunological studies subsequently conducted in wild-type and TLR4 knockout C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that the activation of TLR4 was the main reason that the synthesized lipid A mimetics increased the TF-specific immune responses. All antisera induced by these conjugates can specifically recognize, bind to, and induce the lysis of TF-positive cancer cells. Moreover, representative conjugates 2 and 3 could effectively reduce the growth of tumors and prolong the survival time of mice in vivo, and the efficacies were better than glycoprotein TF-CRM197 with alum adjuvant. Lipid A mimetics could therefore be a promising platform for the development of new carbohydrate-based vaccine carriers with self-adjuvanting properties for the treatment of cancer.

Utilizing Reusable Catalyst Phosphotungstic Acid for the Synthesis of Thioglycoside from Per-O-acetyl Saccharides with Microwave-Assisted and De-O-acetylation with Methanol

Traditional methods for synthesizing complex oligosaccharides currently developed are not efficient, requiring a new glycosylation methodology. Herein, using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a catalyst has demonstrated to be a simple possibility for carbohydrate synthesis. The methodology is engineered into a PTA-catalyzed thioglycoside preparation under microwave conditions and de-O-acetylation of carbohydrates. These easier operations and convenient protocols display a wide substrate scope. Moreover, both methods can be developed into a one-pot reaction for the efficient synthesis of carbohydrate analogues.