1
|
Xu A, Ren L, Huang J, Zhu Y, Wang G, Li C, Sun Y, Song L, You H, Chen FE. Highly enantioselective synthesis of both enantiomers of tetrahydroquinoxaline derivatives via Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04222k. [PMID: 39246375 PMCID: PMC11376201 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04222k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation protocol for the synthesis of chiral tetrahydroquinoxaline (THQ) derivatives has been developed. By simply adjusting the reaction solvent, both enantiomers of mono-substituted chiral THQs could be selectively obtained in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (toluene/dioxane: up to 93% yield and 98% ee (R); EtOH: up to 83% yield and 93% ee (S)). For 2,3-disubstituted chiral THQs, the cis-hydrogenation products were obtained with up to 95% yield, 20 : 1 dr, and 94% ee. Remarkably, this methodology was also applicable under continuous flow conditions, yielding gram-scale products with comparable yields and enantioselectivities (dioxane: 91% yield and 93% ee (R); EtOH: 90% yield and 87% ee (S)). Unlike previously reported Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation protocols, this system exhibited a significant improvement as it required no additional additives. Furthermore, comprehensive mechanistic studies including deuterium-labeling experiments, control experiments, kinetic studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of enantioselectivities for both enantiomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Xu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lanxing Ren
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, University of South China Hengyang City Hunan Province 421001 P.R. China
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen 518107 China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yongqiang Sun
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lijuan Song
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hengzhi You
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva Elipe MV, Ndukwe IE, Murray JI. Cryogen-free 400-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer as a versatile tool for pharmaceutical process analytical technology. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:512-534. [PMID: 38369696 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of new ceramic materials containing Ba-La-Cu oxides in 1986 that exhibited superconducting properties at high temperatures in the range of 35 K or higher, recognized with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987, opened a new world of opportunities for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMRs) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) to move away from liquid cryogens. This discovery expands the application of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials to fields beyond the chemical and medical industries, including electrical power grids, energy, and aerospace. The prototype 400-MHz cryofree HTS NMR spectrometer installed at Amgen's chemistry laboratory has been vital for a variety of applications such as structure analysis, reaction monitoring, and CASE-3D studies with RDCs. The spectrometer has been integrated with Amgen's chemistry and analytical workflows, providing pipeline project support in tandem with other Kinetic Analysis Platform technologies. The 400-MHz cryofree HTS NMR spectrometer, as the name implies, does not require liquid cryogens refills and has smaller footprint that facilitates installation into a chemistry laboratory fume hood, sharing the hood with a process chemistry reactor. Our evaluation of its performance for structural analysis with CASE-3D protocol and for reaction monitoring of Amgen's pipeline chemistry was successful. We envision that the HTS magnets would become part of the standard NMR and MRI spectrometers in the future. We believe that while the technology is being developed, there is room for all magnet options, including HTS, low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets, and low field benchtop NMRs with permanent magnets, where utilization will be dependent on application type and costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikenna Edward Ndukwe
- Department of Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - James I Murray
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arunachalampillai A, Chandrappa P, Cherney A, Crockett R, Doerfler J, Johnson G, Kommuri VC, Kyad A, McManus J, Murray J, Myren T, Fine Nathel N, Ndukwe I, Ortiz A, Reed M, Rui H, Silva Elipe MV, Tedrow J, Wells S, Yacoob S, Yamamoto K. Atroposelective Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Photocyclization to Access Chiral N-Aryl Quinolones with Low Rotational Barriers. Org Lett 2023; 25:5856-5861. [PMID: 37499637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel route to atropisomeric N-aryl quinolones with low rotational barriers is demonstrated, leveraging a dual photochemical/organocatalytic approach to the required ring closure in up to 94% yield and up to >99% ee. The use of a continuous flow system allows for impurity suppression and enables rapid scale-up to a decagram scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Cherney
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Richard Crockett
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jaika Doerfler
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Gregory Johnson
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | - Ali Kyad
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Joshua McManus
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - James Murray
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tessa Myren
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Noah Fine Nathel
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ikenna Ndukwe
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Adrian Ortiz
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Margaret Reed
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Huan Rui
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | - Jason Tedrow
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Shane Wells
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Suha Yacoob
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kumiko Yamamoto
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grillo G, Cintas P, Colia M, Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G. Process intensification in continuous flow organic synthesis with enabling and hybrid technologies. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.966451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial organic synthesis is time and energy consuming, and generates substantial waste. Traditional conductive heating and mixing in batch reactors is no longer competitive with continuous-flow synthetic methods and enabling technologies that can strongly promote reaction kinetics. These advances lead to faster and simplified downstream processes with easier workup, purification and process scale-up. In the current Industry 4.0 revolution, new advances that are based on cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence will be able to optimize and invigorate synthetic processes by connecting cascade reactors with continuous in-line monitoring and even predict solutions in case of unforeseen events. Alternative energy sources, such as dielectric and ohmic heating, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, reactive extruders and plasma have revolutionized standard procedures. So-called hybrid or hyphenated techniques, where the combination of two different energy sources often generates synergistic effects, are also worthy of mention. Herein, we report our consolidated experience of all of these alternative techniques.
Collapse
|
5
|
Donnelly K, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Technology as an Enabler for Innovative Transformations Exploiting Carbenes, Nitrenes, and Benzynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8279-8288. [PMID: 35700424 PMCID: PMC9251729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Miniaturization offered
by microreactors provides for superb reaction
control as well as excellent heat and mass transfer. By performing
chemical reactions in microreactors or tubular systems under continuous
flow conditions, increased safety can be harnessed which allows exploitation
of these technologies for the generation and immediate consumption
of high-energy intermediates. This Synopsis demonstrates the use of
flow technology to effectively exploit benzynes, carbenes, and nitrenes
in synthetic chemistry programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, D04 N2E2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, D04 N2E2 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vo NB, Ngo QA. Synthesis, Anti‐inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Pyrazolo[4,3‐
c
][2,1]benzothiazine 4,4‐dioxide Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Binh Vo
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Quoc Anh Ngo
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bhattacharyya D, Adhikari P, Deori K, Das A. Ruthenium pincer complex catalyzed efficient synthesis of quinoline, 2-styrylquinoline and quinazoline derivatives via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-heterocycles has been considered an emerging area of chemical research due to their extensive utilization in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and natural product synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Priyanka Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Kritartha Deori
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Animesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Duffy M, Di Filippo M, Baumann M. Synthesis of 2H-indazoles via the Cadogan reaction in batch and flow mode. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Goel S, Khulbe M, Aggarwal A, Kathuria A. Recent advances in continuous flow synthesis of heterocycles. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2939-2948. [PMID: 34661798 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current scenario, flow chemistry is emerging as a significant technology in the field of organic synthesis. This miniaturized protocol including microreactors facilitates excellent heat transfer, low solvent wastage, lesser reaction time, a safer environment for reagent handling and appreciable yields of desired products. Thus, this "enabling technology" has a great scope in the synthesis and preparation of a variety of heterocycles that require toxic reagents as starting materials. This review discusses the recent advances (2020-2021) in continuous flow strategy for synthesis and derivatization of variety of heterocyclic entities, of different ring size, using different approaches. This also highlights the advantages of different combined techniques like Microwave assisted heating, electrochemical flow cell, LED light source, NMR and FT-IR analysis, etc., that enables utilization of various mechanisms and real-time monitoring of reactions leading to improved results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mihir Khulbe
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anshul Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Abha Kathuria
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murie VE, Nicolino PV, Dos Santos T, Gambacorta G, Nishimura RHV, Perovani IS, Furtado LC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes de Oliveira A, Vessecchi R, Baxendale IR, Clososki GC. Synthesis of 7-Chloroquinoline Derivatives Using Mixed Lithium-Magnesium Reagents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13402-13419. [PMID: 34553940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a library of functionalized quinolines through the magnesiation of 7-chloroquinolines under mild conditions, employing both batch and continuous flow conditions. The preparation involved the generation of mixed lithium-magnesium intermediates, which were reacted with different electrophiles. Mixed lithium-zinc reagents allowed the synthesis of halogenated and arylated derivatives. Some of the synthesized 4-carbinol quinolines have shown interesting antiproliferative properties, their hydroxyl group being a suitable amino group bioisostere. We also report a two-step approach for optically active derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valter E Murie
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Paula V Nicolino
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Rodolfo H V Nishimura
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Icaro S Perovani
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Furtado
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Moraes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vessecchi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Giuliano C Clososki
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biji M, Radhakrishnan KV, Lankalapalli RS. Tandem Photoisomerization and Transannular Cyclizations of Zerumbone Epoxide: A Model for Diversity-Oriented Synthesis Using Abundant Natural Products. Org Lett 2021; 23:5871-5875. [PMID: 34254812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoirradiation of (6E,9E)-zerumbone-2,3-epoxide afforded a diverse range of transannular cyclized products in the presence of a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3. At the behest of the geometrical isomers produced by photoirradiation, the diversity encompasses an unprecedented eudesmane core and oxo-bridged hydroxy-olefin skeletons. Structure elucidation and the stereochemical outcome of the products are described via extensive NMR analysis. The present study serves as a model for tandem photoisomerization and transannular cyclization of natural products with enone/dienone functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanan Biji
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravi S Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Di Filippo M, Trujillo C, Sánchez-Sanz G, Batsanov AS, Baumann M. Discovery of a photochemical cascade process by flow-based interception of isomerising alkenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9895-9901. [PMID: 34349962 PMCID: PMC8317621 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery of a new photochemical cascade process through a flow-based strategy for intercepting diradicals generated from simple alkenes. This continuous process delivers a series of unprecedented polycyclic reaction products. Exploring the scope of this novel process revealed that this approach is general and affords a variety of structurally complex reaction products in high yields (up to 81%), short reaction times (7 min) and high throughputs (up to 5.5 mmol h-1). A mechanistic rationale is presented that is supported by computations as well as isolation of key intermediates whose identity is confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The presented photochemical cascade process demonstrates the discovery of new chemical reactivity and complex chemical scaffolds by continuously generating and intercepting high-energy intermediates in a highly practical manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Di Filippo
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South D04 N2E2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South D04 N2E2 Dublin Ireland .,Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) Grand Canal Quay Dublin 2 D02 HP83 Ireland
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University DH1 3LE South Road Durham UK
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South D04 N2E2 Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baumann M, Smyth M, Moody TS, Wharry S. Evaluating the Green Credentials of Flow Chemistry towards Industrial Applications. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1541-1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractContinuous flow chemistry is becoming an established technology platform that finds frequent application in industrial chemical manufacture with support and endorsements by the FDA for pharmaceuticals. Amongst the various advantages that are commonly cited for flow chemistry over batch processing, sustainability continues to require further advances and joint efforts by chemists and chemical engineers in both academia and industry. This short review highlights developments between 2015 and early 2021 that positively impact on the green credentials associated with flow chemistry, specifically when applied to the preparation of pharmaceuticals. An industrial perspective on current challenges is provided to whet discussion and stimulate further investment towards achieving greener modern synthetic technologies.1 Introduction2 Subject Areas and Relevant Case Studies3 Industrial Outlook on Future Sustainability Driven through Continuous Manufacturing Approaches4 Conclusions and Outlook
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Smyth
- Department of Technology, Almac Sciences Ltd
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Department of Technology, Almac Sciences Ltd
- Arran Chemical Company
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
AbstractContinuous flow photochemistry as a field has witnessed an increasing popularity over the last decade in both academia and industry. Key drivers for this development are safety, practicality as well as the ability to rapidly access complex chemical structures. Continuous flow reactors, whether home-built or from commercial suppliers, additionally allow for creating valuable target compounds in a reproducible and automatable manner. Recent years have furthermore seen the advent of new energy efficient LED lamps that in combination with innovative reactor designs provide a powerful means to increasing both the practicality and productivity of modern photochemical flow reactors. In this review article we wish to highlight key achievements pertaining to the scalability of such continuous photochemical processes.
Graphical abstract
Collapse
|
16
|
Donnelly K, Baumann M. A continuous flow synthesis of [1.1.1]propellane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2871-2874. [PMID: 33616143 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow process to generate [1.1.1]propellane on demand is presented rendering solutions of [1.1.1]propellane that can directly be derivatised into various bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) species. This was realised in throughputs up to 8.5 mmol h-1 providing an attractive and straightforward access to gram quantities of selected BCP building blocks. Lastly, a continuous photochemical transformation of [1.1.1]propellane into valuable BCPs bearing mixed ester/acyl chloride moieties was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bonciolini S, Di Filippo M, Baumann M. A scalable continuous photochemical process for the generation of aminopropylsulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9428-9432. [PMID: 32969443 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01801e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient continuous photochemical process is presented that delivers a series of novel γ-aminopropylsulfones via a tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) catalysed HAT-process. Crucial to this success is the exploitation of a new high-power LED emitting at 365 nm that was found to be superior to an alternative medium-pressure Hg lamp. The resulting flow process enabled the scale-up of this transformation reaching throughputs of 20 mmol h-1 at substrate concentrations up to 500 mM. Additionally, the substrate scope of this transformation was evaluated demonstrating the straightforward incorporation of different amine substituents as well as alkyl appendages next to the sulfone moiety. It is anticipated that this methodology will allow for further exploitations of these underrepresented γ-aminopropylsulfone scaffolds in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonciolini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Mara Di Filippo
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|