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Liu Y, Li R, Lv Q, Yu B. Embracing heterogeneous photocatalysis: evolution of photocatalysts in annulation of dimethylanilines and maleimides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39078307 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in visible-light-promoted construction of tetrahydroquinolines from dimethylanilines and maleimides are documented. Homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic systems, as well as the reaction mechanism, are emphasized. The mechanism of this photocatalytic annulation reaction is quite clear, i.e., dimethylanilines and maleimides serve as the radical precursors and radical acceptors, respectively. This annulation reaction could serve as an excellent platform for evaluating novel oxidative heterogeneous photocatalytic systems, which could further inspire chemists in this field to develop more efficient photocatalytic systems. Significant opportunities are expected in the future for heterogeneous photocatalysis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Material, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 451191, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Qiyan Lv
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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2
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Chen J, Yang X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Li T. The Development of Aldehyde Catalytic System. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300731. [PMID: 37755436 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde catalysts have proven to be highly effective in facilitating and accelerating a wide range of challenging transformations in organic chemistry. This article is structured into three main sections, focusing on the utilization of aldehydes as organocatalysts, the aldehydes/transition metals catalytic systems, and photochemical initiators. Finally, we provide a concise summary of the advancements in this fascinating research field, offering our perspectives and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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3
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Lu YH, Mu SY, Jiang J, Zhou MH, Wu C, Ji HT, He WM. Paraformaldehyde as C1 Synthon: Electrochemical Three-Component Synthesis of Tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones in Aqueous Ethanol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300523. [PMID: 37728196 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A green and practical method for the electrochemical synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones through the three-component reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, N-arylglycines and paraformaldehyde was reported. In this strategy, EtOH played dual roles (eco-friendly solvent and waste-free pre-catalyst) and the in situ generated ethoxide promoted triple sequential deprotonations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Lu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Si-Yu Mu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Min-Hang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hong-Tao Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Hota SK, Panda SP, Das S, Mahapatra SK, Roy L, De Sarkar S, Murarka S. Photoinduced Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex-Mediated Radical Cascade Involving N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides: Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2543-2549. [PMID: 36749678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We conceptualized a novel disconnection approach for the synthesis of fused tetrahydroquinolines that exploits a visible light-mediated radical (4 + 2) annulation between alkyl N-(acyloxy)phthalimides and N-substituted maleimides in the presence of DIPEA as an additive. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a photoactivated electron donor-acceptor complex between alkyl NHPI esters and DIPEA, and the final tetrahydroquinolines were obtained in a complete regioselective fashion. The methodology features a broad scope and good functional group tolerance and operates under metal- and catalyst-free reaction conditions. Detailed mechanistic investigations including density functional theory studies provide insight into the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Satya Prakash Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Mahapatra
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
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5
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Stini NA, Poursaitidis ET, Nikitas NF, Kartsinis M, Spiliopoulou N, Ananida-Dasenaki P, Kokotos CG. Light-accelerated "on-water" hydroacylation of dialkyl azodicarboxylates. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1284-1293. [PMID: 36645430 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The hydroacylation of dialkyl azodicarboxylates has received a lot of attention lately due to the great importance of acyl hydrazides in organic chemistry. Herein, we report an inexpensive and green photochemical approach, where light irradiation (390 nm) significantly accelerates the reaction between dialkyl azodicarboxylates and aldehydes, while water is employed as the solvent. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were converted into their corresponding acyl hydrazides in good to excellent yields in really short reaction times (15-210 min) and the reaction mechanism was also studied. Applications of this reaction in the syntheses of Vorinostat and Moclobemide were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naya A Stini
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Efthymios T Poursaitidis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Michail Kartsinis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikoleta Spiliopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Phoebe Ananida-Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Runemark A, Sundén H. Aerobic Oxidative EDA Catalysis: Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines Using an Organocatalytic EDA Active Acceptor. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1457-1469. [PMID: 35005960 PMCID: PMC8790759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex for the visible-light-driven annulation reaction between activated alkenes and N,N-substituted dialkyl anilines is reported. The key photoactive complex is formed in situ between dialkylated anilines as donors and 1,2-dibenzoylethylene as a catalytic acceptor. The catalytic acceptor is regenerated by aerobic oxidation. Investigations into the mechanism are provided, revealing a rare example of a catalytic acceptor in photoactive EDA complexes that can give access to selective functionalization of aromatic amines under mild photochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Runemark
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemistry
and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Green AI, Burslem GM. Photochemical synthesis of an epigenetic focused tetrahydroquinoline library. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1780-1786. [PMID: 34778779 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of epigenetic chemical probes is an important area of research with potential to deliver drugs for a multitude of diseases. However, commercially available libraries frequently used in drug discovery campaigns contain molecules that are focused on a narrow range of chemical space primarily driven by ease of synthesis and previously targeted enzyme classes (e.g., kinases) resulting in low hit rates for epigenetic targets. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a compound collection that augments current screening collections by the inclusion of privileged isosteres for epigenetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania PA 19104 USA
| | - George M Burslem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania PA 19104 USA .,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania PA 19104 USA
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