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Carvalho VP, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Homoleptic ruthenium(II) complexes bearing imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands: synthesis, characterization, and redox properties. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38904543 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Five cationic ruthenium(II) chelates with the generic formula [Ru(S2C·NHC)3](PF6)2 were readily obtained upon cleavage of the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer with representative imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate zwitterions (NHC·CS2) in the presence of KPF6. The homoleptic complexes were fully characterized by various analytical techniques and the molecular structure of one of them was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. As expected, it featured an octahedral RuS6 core surrounded by three imidazol(in)ium rings and their nitrogen substituents. The robustness of the Ru-S bonds combined with the chelate effect of the κ2-S,S'-dithiocarboxylate units and the steric protection imparted by bulky 1,3-diarylimidazol(in)ium groups most likely accounted for the outstanding stability of these species in solution. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the five homoleptic complexes featured characteristic waves for a monoelectronic redox process corresponding to the RuIII/RuII couple with E1/2 values ranging between 0.97 and 1.27 V vs. Ag/AgCl. This half-wave potential was clearly dependent on the nature of their ancillary ligands as the evolution of the Ep,ox values roughly paralleled the basicity sequence of the NHCs used to prepare them, in line with the trends observed when monitoring the chemical shifts of the CS2- unit on 13C NMR spectroscopy and the CS2- asymmetric stretching vibration wavenumbers on IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemiro P Carvalho
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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2
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Pérez-Ramos P, Mateo MA, Elorriaga D, García-Vivó D, Soengas RG, Rodríguez-Solla H. Coordination of azol(in)ium dithiocarboxylate ligands to Au(III): unexpected formation of a novel family of cyclometallated Au(III) complexes, DFT calculations and catalytic studies. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9433-9440. [PMID: 38758133 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A series of cyclometallated gold(III) complexes 21-27 of general formula [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] (dppta = N,N-diisopropyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinothioic amide-κ2C,S; azdtc = azol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate-κ1S) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and diffractometric techniques. Treatment of [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] complexes with methanol led to their quantitative transformation into a novel family of (C^S, S^S)-cyclometallated gold(III) complexes of general formula [Au(dppta)(azmtd)] (azmdt = azol(in)ium-2-(methoxy)methanedithiol-κ2S,S) 28-34. All the [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] complexes 21-27 catalyzed the alkylation of indoles, whereas [Au(dppta)(azmtd)] complexes 28-34 were inactive. Among the synthesized derivatives, complex 22 displayed the highest catalytic activity, leading to a series of functionalized indoles in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pérez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María A Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Raquel G Soengas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Solla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Zain Aldin M, Zaragoza G, Choquenet E, Blampain G, Berger G, Delaude L. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of cationic ruthenium-arene complexes with sulfur ligands. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:441-454. [PMID: 38753160 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Five cationic ruthenium-arene complexes with the generic formula [Ru(SAc)(S2C·NHC)(p-cymene)](PF6) (5a-e) were prepared in almost quantitative yields using a straightforward one-pot, two-step experimental procedure starting from [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2, an imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate (NHC·CS2) zwitterion, KSAc, and KPF6. These half-sandwich compounds were fully characterized by various analytical techniques and the molecular structures of two of them were solved by X-ray diffraction analysis, which revealed the existence of an intramolecular chalcogen bond between the oxygen atom of the thioacetate ligand and a proximal sulfur atom of the dithiocarboxylate unit. DFT calculations showed that the C=S…O charge transfer amounted to 2.4 kcal mol-1. The dissolution of [Ru(SAc)(S2C·IMes)(p-cymene)](PF6) (5a) in moist DMSO-d6 at room temperature did not cause the dissociation of its sulfur ligands. Instead, p-cymene was slowly released to afford the 12-electron [Ru(SAc)(S2C·IMes)]+ cation that could be detected by mass spectrometry. Monitoring the solvolysis process by 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that more than 22 days were needed to fully decompose the starting ruthenium-arene complex. Compounds 5a-e exhibited a high antiproliferative activity against human glioma Hs683 and human lung carcinoma A549 cancer cells. In particular, the IMes derivative (5a) was the most potent compound of the series, achieving toxicities similar to those displayed by marketed platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zain Aldin
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Université de Liège, Allée du Six Août 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Choquenet
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Blampain
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Berger
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Université de Liège, Allée du Six Août 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Touj N, Mazars F, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Aldiminium and 1,2,3-triazolium dithiocarboxylate zwitterions derived from cyclic (alkyl)(amino) and mesoionic carbenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1947-1956. [PMID: 38170157 PMCID: PMC10760461 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of zwitterionic dithiocarboxylate adducts was achieved by deprotonating various aldiminium or 1,2,3-triazolium salts with a strong base, followed by the nucleophilic addition of the in situ-generated cyclic (alkyl)(amino) or mesoionic carbenes (CAACs or MICs) onto carbon disulfide. Nine novel compounds were isolated and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS techniques. Moreover, the molecular structures of two CAAC·CS2 and two MIC·CS2 betaines were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The analytical data recorded for all these adducts were compared with those reported previously for related NHC·CS2 betaines derived from imidazolinium or (benz)imidazolium salts. Due to the absence of electronic communication between the CS2 unit and the orthogonal heterocycle, all the CAAC·CS2, MIC·CS2, and NHC·CS2 zwitterions displayed similar electronic properties and featured the same bite angle. Yet, their steric properties are liable to ample modifications by varying the exact nature of their cationic heterocycle and its substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidad de Difracción de Rayos X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostella, Edificio CACTUS, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Mazars F, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. The facile alkylation and iodination of imidazol(in)ium salts in the presence of cesium carbonate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14528-14531. [PMID: 37942885 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The alkylation or iodination of imidazol(in)ium salts takes place readily in the presence of Cs2CO3. The procedure is very easy to implement and provides facile and straightforward access to a wealth of C2-substituted azolium salts. Furthermore, a C2α alkylation is also feasible, which extends the chemistry of NHCs and weak bases to their NHO analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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Touj N, Taping JJ, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Delaude L. The Facile Hydrolysis of Imidazolinium Chlorides (N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors) Under Basic Aqueous Conditions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302402. [PMID: 37665254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of imidazolinium chlorides takes place readily in a basic water/dichloromethane biphasic mixture at room temperature. Experimental parameters were optimized to afford full conversions and high yields of γ-aminoformamides starting from twelve symmetrical substrates with alkyl or aryl substituents on their nitrogen atoms, and five unsymmetrical 1-alkyl-3-arylimidazolinium chlorides. NMR and XRD analyses showed that the cleavage of unsymmetrical salts led to γ-alkylamino-N-arylformamides with a high regioselectivity and that bulky alkyl or aryl groups on the formamide moiety led to the isolation of the (E)-isomer in high stereoisomeric purity (>95 %), whereas smaller and more flexible alkyl substituents afforded mixtures of (E)- and (Z)-rotamers. Control experiments showed that the hydrolysis of 1,3-dimesitylimidazolinium chloride (SIMes ⋅ HCl) did not occur readily in pure or acidic water and that the presence of bulky aromatic substituents on the nitrogen atoms of 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride (SIDip ⋅ HCl) efficiently slowed down its hydrolysis under basic aqueous conditions. Most strikingly, this work highlighted the critical influence of the counteranion on the reactivity of imidazolinium cations. Indeed, the chloride salts underwent a facile hydrolysis in the presence of water and Na2 CO3 , whereas various other NHC ⋅ HX derivatives reacted much slower or remained essentially inert under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerwin Jay Taping
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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7
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Zhuo X, Zheng L, Zou X, Zhong Y, Guo W. Metal-Free Temperature-Controlled Intermolecular [3 + 2] Annulation to Access Benzo[ d]thiazole-2(3 H)-thiones and Benzo[ d]thiazol-2(3 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10467-10475. [PMID: 35820197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile access to benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thiones and benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ones has been developed through a temperature-controlled intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation of N,N-disubstituted arylhydrazines with CS2 in the presence of DMSO. This protocol can obviate the prefunctionalization of the starting materials. This direct C-S/C-N bond formation reaction was performed in the absence of any external catalysts, transition metals, bases, ligands, and oxidants with high step economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Guo W, Mei W, Liu G, Deng L, Zou X, Zhong Y, Zhuo X, Fan X, Zheng L. Base‐Promoted Three‐Component Cyclization and Coupling Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Aryl‐5‐thio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Economic & Technological Development Zone 341000 Ganzhou CHINA
| | - Weijie Mei
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
| | - Gongping Liu
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
| | - Ling Deng
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province CHINA
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Synthesis of ruthenium–dithiocarbamate chelates bearing diphosphine ligands and their use as latent initiators for atom transfer radical additions. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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