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Lonardi G, Parolin R, Licini G, Orlandi M. Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216649. [PMID: 36757599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective reduction reactions are privileged transformations for the construction of trisubstituted stereogenic centers. While these include established synthetic strategies, such as asymmetric hydrogenation, methods based on the enantioselective addition of hydridic reagents to electrophilic prochiral substrates have also gained importance. In this context, the asymmetric conjugate reduction (ACR) of α,β-unsaturated compounds has become a convenient approach for the synthesis of chiral compounds with trisubstituted stereocenters in α-, β-, or γ-position to electron-withdrawing functional groups. Because such activating groups are diverse and amenable of further derivatizations, ACRs provide a general and powerful synthetic entry towards a variety of valuable chiral building blocks. This Review provides a comprehensive collection of catalytic ACR methods involving transition-metal, organic, and enzymatic catalysis since its first versions dating back to the late 1970s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lonardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Parolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Orlandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Wu Z, He H, Chen M, Zhu L, Zheng W, Cao Y, Antilla JC. Asymmetric Reductive Amination with Pinacolborane Catalyzed by Chiral SPINOL Borophosphates. Org Lett 2022; 24:9436-9441. [PMID: 36519791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric reductive amination of ketones with pinacolborane employing chiral SPINOL-derived borophosphates as catalysts has been realized. A series of chiral amine derivatives bearing multiple functional groups were obtained in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 97% yield, 98% ee) under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the synthetic applicability of the established method has been demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-Fendiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hualing He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Minglei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Linfei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu222005, P. R. China
| | - Jon C Antilla
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
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Wei Y, Gao J, Jiang L, Huang Z, Bao Q, Yuan Q, Zhang L, Zhou S, Wang S. Synthesis and Characterization of Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Bearing a 2- N, N-Dimethylamino-Ethylene-Imino-Functionalized Indolyl Ligand and Their Catalytic Activities Toward Hydrosilylation of Imines. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Jianjian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Qin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Qingbing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Popov KK, Campbell JLP, Kysilka O, Hošek J, Davies CD, Pour M, Kočovský P. Reductive Amination Revisited: Reduction of Aldimines with Trichlorosilane Catalyzed by Dimethylformamide─Functional Group Tolerance, Scope, and Limitations. J Org Chem 2021; 87:920-943. [PMID: 34841878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aldimines, generated in situ from aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes and aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic primary or secondary amines, can be reduced with trichlorosilane in the presence of dimethylformamide (DMF) as an organocatalyst (≤10 mol %) in toluene or CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The reduction tolerates ketone carbonyls, esters, amides, nitriles, sulfones, sulfonamides, NO2, SF5, and CF3 groups, boronic esters, azides, phosphine oxides, C═C and C≡C bonds, and ferrocenyl nucleus, but sulfoxides and N-oxides are reduced. α,β-Unsaturated aldimines undergo 1,2-reduction only, leaving the C═C bond intact. N-Monoalkylation of primary amines is attained with a 1:1 aldehyde to amine ratio, whereas excess of the aldehyde (≥2:1) allows second alkylation, giving rise to tertiary amines. Reductive N-alkylation of α-amino acids proceeds without racemization; the resulting products, containing a C≡C bond or N3 group, are suitable for click chemistry. This reaction thus offers advantages over the traditional methods (borohydride reduction or catalytic hydrogenation) in terms of efficiency and chemoselectivity. Solubility of some of the reacting partners appears to be the only limitation. The byproducts generated by the workup with aqueous NaHCO3 (i.e., NaCl and silica) are environmentally benign. As a greener alternative, DMA can be employed as a catalyst instead of DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill K Popov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna L P Campbell
- Syngenta, Grangemouth Manufacturing Centre, Earl's Road, Grangemouth FK3 8XG, U.K
| | - Ondřej Kysilka
- Trelleborg Bohemia, Akademika Bedrny 531/8a, Věkoše, 500 03 Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Farmak, Na vlčinci 16/3, Klášterní Hradisko, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kočovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Maciá M, Porcar R, Martí-Centelles V, García-Verdugo E, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Rational Design of Simple Organocatalysts for the HSiCl 3 Enantioselective Reduction of (E)- N-(1-Phenylethylidene)aniline. Molecules 2021; 26:6963. [PMID: 34834055 PMCID: PMC8625272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolinamides are well-known organocatalysts for the HSiCl3 reduction of imines; however, custom design of catalysts is based on trial-and-error experiments. In this work, we have used a combination of computational calculations and experimental work, including kinetic analyses, to properly understand this process and to design optimized catalysts for the benchmark (E)-N-(1-phenylethylidene)aniline. The best results have been obtained with the amide derived from 4-methoxyaniline and the N-pivaloyl protected proline, for which the catalyzed process is almost 600 times faster than the uncatalyzed one. Mechanistic studies reveal that the formation of the component supramolecular complex catalyst-HSiCl3-substrate, involving hydrogen bonding breaking and costly conformational changes in the prolinamide, is an important step in the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Maciá
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
- Department of Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNED—Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Avenida de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas-Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Maria Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (M.M.); (R.P.); (V.M.-C.); (M.I.B.)
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Evaluation of 3,3′-Triazolyl Biisoquinoline N,N′-Dioxide Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Hydrazones with Trichlorosilane. Catalysts 2021; 11. [PMID: 36285183 PMCID: PMC9589403 DOI: 10.3390/catal11091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of axial-chiral biisoquinoline
N,N′-dioxides was evaluated as
catalysts for the enantioselective hydrosilylation of acyl hydrazones with
trichlorosilane. While these catalysts provided poor to moderate reactivity and
enantioselectivity, this study represents the first example of the
organocatalytic asymmetric reduction of acyl hydrazones. In addition, the
structures and energies of two possible diastereomeric
catalyst–trichlorosilane complexes
(2a–HSiCl3) were analyzed using density
functional theory calculations.
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