1
|
Xu E, Xie F, Liu T, He J, Zhang Y. Photocatalytic, Oxidative Cleavage of C-C Bond in Lignin Models and Native Lignin. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304209. [PMID: 38372165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to realize the selective C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 linkages for production of high-value aromatic chemicals due to its intrinsic inertness and complex structure. Here we report a light-driven, chlorine-radical-based protocol to realize the oxidative C-C bond cleavage in various lignin model compounds catalyzed by commercially available TPT and CaCl2, achieving high conversion and good to high product yields at room temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the preferential activation of Cβ-H bond facilitates the oxidation and C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model via chlorine radical. Furthermore, this method is also applicable to the depolymerization of natural lignin extracts, furnishing the aromatic oxygenates from the cleavage of Cα-Cβ bonds. This study provides experimental foundations to the depolymerization and valorization of lignin into high value-added aromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fuyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo T, Lin Y, Pan D, Zhang X, Zhu W, Cai XM, Huang G, Wang H, Xu D, Kühn FE, Zhang B, Zhang T. Towards bioresource-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens from lignin β-O-4 motifs as renewable resources. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6076. [PMID: 37770462 PMCID: PMC10539282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of heterocyclic aromatics with good optical properties from phenolic β-O-4 lignin segments is of high importance to meet high value added biorefinery demands. However, executing this process remains a huge challenge due to the incompatible reaction conditions of the depolymerization of lignin β-O-4 segments containing γ-OH functionalities and bioresource-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens (BioAIEgens) formation with the desired properties. In this work, benzannulation reactions starting from lignin β-O-4 moieties with 3-alkenylated indoles catalyzed by vanadium-based complexes have been successfully developed, affording a wide range of functionalized carbazoles with up to 92% yield. Experiments and density functional theory calculations suggest that the reaction pathway involves the selective cleavage of double C-O bonds/Diels-Alder cycloaddition/dehydrogenative aromatization. Photophysical investigations show that these carbazole products represent a class of BioAIEgens with twisted intramolecular charge transfer. Distinctions of emission behavior were revealed based on unique acceptor-donor-acceptor-type molecular conformations as well as molecular packings. This work features lignin β-O-4 motifs with γ-OH functionalities as renewable substrates, without the need to apply external oxidant/reductant systems. Here, we show a concise and sustainable route to functional carbazoles with AIE properties, building a bridge between lignin and BioAIE materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tenglong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuedan Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xu-Min Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dezhu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haldar D, Dey P, Thomas J, Singhania RR, Patel AK. One pot bioprocessing in lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128180. [PMID: 36283673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Practically, high-yield conversion of biomass into value-added products at low cost is a primary goal for any lignocellulosic refinery. In the industrial context, the limitation in the practical adaptation of the conventional techniques practically involves multiple reactors for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts. Therefore, the present manuscript critically reviewed the advancements in one-pot reaction systems with a major focus on the scientific production of value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In view of that, the novelty of one-pot reactions is shown during the fractionation of biomass into their individual constituents. The importance of the direct conversion of cellulose and lignin into a range of valuable products including organic acids and platform chemicals are separately discussed. Finally, the article is concluded with the opportunities, existing troubles, and possible solutions to overcome the challenges in lignocellulosic biorefinery. This article will assist the readers to identify the economic-friendly-one-pot conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pinaki Dey
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|