1
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Zhang J, Huan XD, Wang X, Li GQ, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Recent advances in C(sp 3)-N bond formation via metallaphoto-redox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6340-6361. [PMID: 38832416 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The C(sp3)-N bond is ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, biologically active molecules and functional materials. Consequently, the development of practical and efficient methods for C(sp3)-N bond formation has attracted more and more attention. Compared to the conventional ionic pathway-based thermal methods, photochemical processes that proceed through radical mechanisms by merging photoredox and transition-metal catalyses have emerged as powerful and alternative tools for C(sp3)-N bond formation. In this review, recent advances in the burgeoning field of C(sp3)-N bond formation via metallaphotoredox catalysis have been highlighted. The contents of this review are categorized according to the transition metals used (copper, nickel, cobalt, palladium, and iron) together with photocatalysis. Emphasis is placed on methodology achievements and mechanistic insight, aiming to inspire chemists to invent more efficient radical-involved C(sp3)-N bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xiao-Die Huan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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2
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Yamaguchi Y, Hirata Y, Higashida K, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Cobalt/Photoredox Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Radical Coupling of Alkenes via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Homolytic Substitution. Org Lett 2024; 26:4893-4897. [PMID: 38836750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt-catalyzed metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) in combination with photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful synthetic method, owing to its redox nature and applicability to various radical precursors. Herein, we describe a cross-radical coupling reaction under cobalt/photoredox dual catalysis. MHAT and homolytic substitution (SH2) processes enabled Markovnikov-selective hydrobenzylation of di/trisubstituted alkenes, affording products with a quaternary carbon center in a redox-neutral manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Higashida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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3
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Lindner H, Carreira EM. Cobalt-Catalyzed Photo-Semipinacol Rearrangement of Unactivated Allylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407827. [PMID: 38848286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
We report a photochemical method for the semipinacol rearrangement of unactivated allylic alcohols. Aliphatic as well as aromatic groups participate as migrating groups, yielding a variety of α,α-disubstituted ketones. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and is compatible with ethers, esters, halides, nitriles, carbamates, and substituted arenes. The operationally simple and fully catalytic conditions prescribe 1 mol % benzothiazinoquinoxaline as organophotocatalyst, 0.5 mol % Co-salen, and 10 mol % lutidinium triflate and, importantly, display reactivity complementary to procedures employing Brønsted acid. We showcase the utility of the protocol in late-stage drug diversifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lindner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Dam P, Zuo K, Azofra LM, El-Sepelgy O. Biomimetic Photoexcited Cobaloxime Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405775. [PMID: 38775208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from nature has long been a cornerstone of chemical innovation, with natural systems offering a wealth of untapped potential for discovery. In this minireview, we delve into the burgeoning field of cobaloxime catalysis in organic synthesis, which mimics the catalytic activity of the natural organometallic alkylcobalamine enzymes. Our focus lies on elucidating the latest advancements in this area, as well as delineating the primary mechanistic pathways at play. By describing, and comparing these mechanisms, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art, while also shedding light on the key unresolved challenges that await further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Dam
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaiming Zuo
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Osama El-Sepelgy
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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5
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Lindner H, Amberg WM, Martini T, Fischer DM, Moore E, Carreira EM. Photo- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocycles via Cycloisomerization of Unactivated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319515. [PMID: 38415968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report a general, intramolecular cycloisomerization of unactivated olefins with pendant nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates ethers, esters, protected amines, acetals, pyrazoles, carbamates, and arenes. It is amenable to N-, O-, as well as C-nucleophiles, yielding a number of different heterocycles including, but not limited to, pyrrolidines, piperidines, oxazolidinones, and lactones. Use of both a benzothiazinoquinoxaline as organophotocatalyst and a Co-salen catalyst obviates the need for stoichiometric oxidant or reductant. We showcase the utility of the protocol in late-stage drug diversification and synthesis of several small natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lindner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Willi M Amberg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tristano Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David M Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eléonore Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Shibutani S, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. A Dual Cobalt and Photoredox Catalysis for Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4375-4379. [PMID: 38300804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate hydrohalogenation of aliphatic alkenes with collidine·HX salts through dual photoredox/cobalt catalysis. The dual catalysis enables conversion of a proton and a halide anion from collidine·HX salt to a nucleophilic hydrogen radical equivalent and an electrophilic halogen radical equivalent and delivery of them to an alkene moiety. This protocol allows for introduction of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom to alkene, producing highly functionalized alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Shibutani
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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7
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Chand S, Sharma AK, Pandey AK, Singh KN. Synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones via dual catalysed cross-coupling of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with aryldiazonium salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38013486 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-enabled synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones has been accomplished by the cross-coupling of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and aryldiazonium salts embracing a synergistic eosin Y and Co(OAc)2·4H2O catalysis. The reaction involves decarboxylative aerobic CC bond cleavage, and is endowed with the creation of new C-C and C-O bonds with good substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Chand
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Anup Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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8
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Bhaduri N, Pawar AB. Redox-neutral C-H annulation strategies for the synthesis of heterocycles via high-valent Cp*Co(III) catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3918-3941. [PMID: 37128760 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals, and natural products consist of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic backbone. The majority of them are isoquinolones, indoles, isoquinolines, etc.; thereby the synthesis and derivatization of such heterocycles are synthetically very relevant. Also, certain naphthol derivatives have high synthetic utility as agrochemicals and in dye industries. Previous approaches have utilized ruthenium, rhodium, or iridium which may not be desirable due to the high toxicity, low abundance, and high cost of such 4d and 5d metals. Moreover, the need for an external oxidant during the reaction also adds by-products to the system. A high-valent cobalt-catalyzed redox-neutral C-H functionalization strategy has emerged to be a far better alternative in this regard. The use of the non-noble metal cobalt allows for selectivity and specificity in product formation. Also, the redox-neutral concept avoids the use of an external oxidant either due to the presence of a metal in a non-variable oxidation state throughout the catalytic cycle or due to the presence of an oxidizing directing group or an oxidizing coupling partner. Such an oxidizing directing group not only directs the catalyst to a specific reaction site by chelation but also regenerates the catalyst at the end of the cycle. Certain bonds such as N-O, N-N, N-Cl, N-S, and C-S are the main game-players behind the oxidizing property of such directing groups. In the other case, the directing group only chelates the catalyst to a reaction center, whereas the oxidation is carried out by the upcoming group/coupling partner. Overall, merging the redox-neutral concept with the high-valent cobalt catalysis is paving the way forward toward a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. This review critically describes the mechanistic understanding, scope, limitations, and synthesis of various biologically relevant heterocycles via the redox-neutral concept in the high-valent Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization chemistry domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Bhaduri
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India.
| | - Amit B Pawar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India.
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9
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You CM, Huang C, Tang S, Xiao P, Wang S, Wei Z, Lei A, Cai H. N-Allylation of Azoles with Hydrogen Evolution Enabled by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:1722-1726. [PMID: 36869877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct N-allylation of azoles with hydrogen evolution has been achieved through the synergistic combination of organic photocatalysis and cobalt catalysis. The protocol bypasses stoichiometric oxidants and prefunctionalization of alkenes and produces hydrogen (H2) as the byproduct. This transformation highlights high step- and atom-economy, high efficiency, and broad functional group tolerance for further derivatization, which opens a door for C-N bond formation that is valuable in heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
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10
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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11
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Li JL, Yang XL, Shen S, Niu X. Synthesis of 10-Phenanthrenols via Photosensitized Triplet Energy Transfer, Photoinduced Electron Transfer, and Cobalt Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16458-16472. [PMID: 36441578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inert redox activity and high triplet energy, radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds usually requires prefunctionalization substrates, external oxidant, and high-energy UV light. Here, we report a visible-light-driven photocatalyst/cobaloxime system composed of a photosensitized energy transfer reaction (PEnT) and photoinduced electron transfer reaction (PET) and with an interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization in one pot to synthesize 10-phenanthrenols. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that fac-Ir(ppy)3 plays the dual roles of energy transfer catalysis for photocycloaddition via 1,2-biradical intermediates of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and photoredox/cobaloxime catalysis dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical rather than the intermediates via 6π photocyclization in the tandem reaction. In contrast to previous well-established radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, we provide a new strategy for the activation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under visible light catalysis, affording a novel cyclization strategy with extremely high atom economy for the synthesis of 10-phenanthrenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry Affiliated College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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12
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Cui K, Li YL, Li G, Xia JB. Regio- and Stereoselective Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Crotononitrile. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23001-23009. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 21181, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 21181, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Juliá F. Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photochemistry at 3d‐Metal Complexes: An Emerging Tool for Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Chemistry Av Paisos Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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