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Sotola LK, Credé M. On the predicted replicability of two decades of experimental research on system justification: A Z‐curve analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas K. Sotola
- Department of Psychology Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| | - Marcus Credé
- Department of Psychology Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
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Agadullina E, Ivanov A, Sarieva I, Prusova I. System Justification theory: a new perspective on the problem of inequality. СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2021. [DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2021100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article outlines the concept of system justification proposed by J. Jost and M. Banaji. Motivational basis of system justification as well as the core assumption that low-status individuals tend to justify the existing system more than high-status individuals are described thoroughly. The factors that enhance system justification motivation as well as the relations between system justification and behavioral patterns that preserve social inequality are described in specific paragraphs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.A. Ivanov
- School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | - I.R. Sarieva
- National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | - I.S. Prusova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics
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Langer M, Vasilopoulos P, McAvay H, Jost JT. System justification in France: liberté, égalité, fraternité. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lagos R, Canessa E, Chaigneau SE. Modeling stereotypes and negative self‐stereotypes as a function of interactions among groups with power asymmetries. JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Lagos
- Programa Magister en BioestadísticaUniversidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Enrique Canessa
- Center for Cognition Research (CINCO), School of PsychologyUniversidad Adolfo Ibáñez Las Condes, Santiago Chile
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversidad Adolfo Ibáñez Viña del Mar Chile
| | - Sergio E. Chaigneau
- Center for Cognition Research (CINCO), School of PsychologyUniversidad Adolfo Ibáñez Las Condes, Santiago Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of PsychologyUniversidad Adolfo Ibáñez Las Condes, Santiago Chile
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Owuamalam CK, Rubin M, Spears R. Is a system motive really necessary to explain the system justification effect? A response to Jost (2019) and Jost, Badaan, Goudarzi, Hoffarth, and Mogami (2019). BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 58:393-409. [PMID: 30919987 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The debate between the proponents of SIMSA and SJT does not pivot on whether system justification occurs - we all agree that system justification does occur. The issue is why it occurs? System justification theory (SJT; Jost & Banaji, 1994, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1) assumes that system justification is motivated by a special system justification motive. In contrast, the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA; Owuamalam, Rubin, & Spears, , Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27, 2) argues that there is insufficient conclusive evidence for this special system motive, and that system justification can be explained in terms of social identity motives, including the motivation to accurately reflect social reality and the search for a positive social identity. Here, we respond to criticisms of SIMSA, including criticisms of its social reality, ingroup bias, and hope for future ingroup status explanations of system justification. We conclude that SJT theorists should decide whether system justification is oppositional to, or compatible with social identity motives, and that this dilemma could be resolved by relinquishing the theoretically problematic notion of a system justification motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuma Kevin Owuamalam
- Division of Organisational and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Mark Rubin
- The University of Newcastle, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia
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Jost JT, Badaan V, Goudarzi S, Hoffarth M, Mogami M. The future of system justification theory. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 58:382-392. [PMID: 30593682 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we respond to commentaries by Friesen et al. (2018, Br. J. Soc. Psychol.), Osborne et al. (2018, Br. J. Soc. Psychol.), and Owuamalam et al. (2018, Br. J. Soc. Psychol.) on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of system justification theory. The first two commentaries are highly favourable in their evaluation of the state of theory and research on system justification, and they provide insightful suggestions for new directions. The third commentary is far more critical of system justification theory. We address each objection in some detail, seeking to correct a number of misconceptions about system justification theory and clarify the fact that the theory specifies three - ego, group, and system justification - motives rather than one. Finally, we end by proposing exciting new areas for future research, such as (1) distinguishing between subjective and objective consequences of system justification in a broader array of social and political contexts and (2) developing practical interventions to reduce system justification motivation and strengthen the motivation to improve upon the status quo.
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Friesen JP, Laurin K, Shepherd S, Gaucher D, Kay AC. System justification: Experimental evidence, its contextual nature, and implications for social change. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 58:315-339. [PMID: 30229936 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We review conceptual and empirical contributions to system justification theory over the last fifteen years, emphasizing the importance of an experimental approach and consideration of context. First, we review the indirect evidence of the system justification motive via complimentary stereotyping. Second, we describe injunctification as direct evidence of a tendency to view the extant status quo (the way things are) as the way things should be. Third, we elaborate on system justification's contextual nature and the circumstances, such as threat, dependence, inescapability, and system confidence, which are likely to elicit defensive bolstering of the status quo and motivated ignorance of critical social issues. Fourth, we describe how system justification theory can increase our understanding of both resistance to and acceptance of social change, as a change moves from proposed, to imminent, to established. Finally, we discuss how threatened systems shore up their authority by co-opting legitimacy from other sources, such as governments that draw on religious concepts, and the role of institutional-level factors in perpetuating the status quo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aaron C Kay
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Verniers C, Vala J. Justifying gender discrimination in the workplace: The mediating role of motherhood myths. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190657. [PMID: 29315326 PMCID: PMC5760038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of gender equality in employment has given rise to numerous policies in advanced industrial countries, all aimed at tackling gender discrimination regarding recruitment, salary and promotion. Yet gender inequalities in the workplace persist. The purpose of this research is to document the psychosocial process involved in the persistence of gender discrimination against working women. Drawing on the literature on the justification of discrimination, we hypothesized that the myths according to which women’s work threatens children and family life mediates the relationship between sexism and opposition to a mother’s career. We tested this hypothesis using the Family and Changing Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Programme. The dataset contained data collected in 1994 and 2012 from 51632 respondents from 18 countries. Structural equation modellings confirmed the hypothesised mediation. Overall, the findings shed light on how motherhood myths justify the gender structure in countries promoting gender equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Verniers
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Vala
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Gaucher D, Friesen JP, Neufeld KHS, Esses VM. Changes in the Positivity of Migrant Stereotype Content. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550617746463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complementing well-established antecedents of anti-migrant opinion (e.g., threat), we investigated how system-sanctioned ideologies—that is, the collection of beliefs and values espoused by the government in power—are linked with migrant stereotypes. Using Canada as a case study, across three waves of national survey data ( N = 1,080), we found that system-sanctioned pro-migrant ideologies corresponded with (relatively) more positive migrant stereotype content (i.e., increases in perceived warmth and competence). Moreover, controlling for other political ideologies, increases in migrant stereotype positivity were linked to people’s motivation to justify their sociopolitical systems, suggesting that system-sanctioned ideologies may be especially likely to influence the positivity of migrant stereotypes when people are motivated to justify their sociopolitical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gaucher
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Justin P. Friesen
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Bonnot V, Krauth-Gruber S. Gender stereotype-consistent memories: How system justification motivation distorts the recollection of information related to the self. The Journal of Social Psychology 2017; 158:125-136. [PMID: 28388277 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1317232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Research based on system justification theory has shown that women's self-perceptions may be altered by the motivation to justify the system and its inequalities. Self-perceptions being built on past experiences, the present study aimed to explore how system justification motivation induced through a system dependency manipulation may alter both women's recall of autobiographical memories and their behavior. Women who were led to feel highly dependent on the social system perceived themselves as more competent and recalled memories of higher competence in the verbal domain compared with the negatively stereotyped scientific domain. Women's behavioral choices (between doing a verbal or a math exercise) also revealed a higher preference for the gender stereotype-consistent verbal exercise in the high-system dependency condition, as compared with the low-system dependency condition. These results suggest that gender stereotypes may not only satisfy self- or group-serving motivation but also the need to perceive the system in a positive light.
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