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Walker M, Stephan E. The effect of approach and avoidance motivation on self-perception. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104391. [PMID: 39029398 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This work addresses the link between motivation and self-perception by systematically studying visual self-representations. We propose that the way individuals perceive themselves may be associated with dispositional and situationally induced approach and avoidance motivation. First, we investigate how dispositional differences in approach/avoidance motivation and self-esteem relate to self-perception. Second, we investigate how state differences in approach/avoidance motivation relate to self-perception. Based on motivation literature, we predicted that self-perception would reflect psychological equanimity at the dispositional level (seeing the self in a favorable light), and motivational flexibility at the situational level (situational avoidance motivation results in a more realistic view of one's qualities). We use up-to-date face modeling methods to measure individuals' self-perceptions in a systematic, nuanced, and implicit way: Participants are repeatedly asked to indicate which of two portrait versions better represents themselves. Then we relate distortions in self-perceptions to agency and communion dimensions. We demonstrate that (1) participants low in self-esteem show more communion enhancement than participants high in self-esteem; (2) participants in an avoidance state show less agency enhancement (i.e., more realistic self-perceptions) than participants in an approach state. This research is first to demonstrate regularities in visual self-perception that are linked to approach and avoidance motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Walker
- University of Teacher Education Lucerne, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland.
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How Do People Evaluate Themselves in Terms of Assertiveness and Ability After Having Failed or Succeeded: The (Economic) Consequences Matter! INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Streck H, Nishen AK, Kessels U. Instrumentality Gives Girls the Edge: Gender-Differential Relations Between Instrumentality, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Esteem. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGender differences in school are often discussed in reference to a particular type of masculinity, negative masculinity, which is often conceptualized as detrimental to success. Another type of masculinity, instrumentality, has rarely been studied in schools even though instrumental characteristics are often exalted outside the academic context. The current study focuses on potential benefits that students may reap from instrumentality. The extent to which an instrumental self-concept is directly and indirectly associated with achievement motivation and self-esteem was examined for adolescent boys and girls in a structural equation model (SEM). A sample of German ninth graders (N = 355) completed self-report measures pertaining to their gender role self-concept, hope for success, fear of failure, and global and academic contingent self-esteem. The SEM revealed that instrumentality was associated with lower fear of failure and higher hope for success for both male and female adolescents. High scores in instrumentality were associated with greater self-esteem and lower academic contingent self-esteem. The association between instrumentality and global self-esteem was stronger for adolescent girls, and the indirect association between instrumentality and fear of failure through global self-esteem was significant only for girls. Results indicate that instrumentality can be an asset for students and that female students especially reap the benefits of an instrumental self-concept. The results are discussed in reference to the dangers of emphasizing solely the association between negative masculinity and academic failure, and the importance of studying relations with gender role self-concept separately for male and female adolescents.
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Abele AE, Yzerbyt V. Body posture and interpersonal perception in a dyadic interaction: A Big Two analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Korlat S, Foerst NM, Schultes MT, Schober B, Spiel C, Kollmayer M. Gender role identity and gender intensification: Agency and communion in adolescents’ spontaneous self-descriptions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2020.1865143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Korlat
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Maria Foerst
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Therese Schultes
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schober
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Spiel
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Kollmayer
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Face threat sensitivity in distributive negotiations: Effects on negotiator self-esteem and demands. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2020; 161:255-273. [PMID: 32958980 PMCID: PMC7495178 DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Face threat sensitivity (FTS) is reactive sensitivity to threats to self-image. Counterpart competitiveness reduces high FTS negotiators’ global self-esteem (GSE). Counterpart competitiveness reduces high FTS negotiators' performance self-esteem (PSE). High FTS negotiators’ reduced GSE and PSE lead them to make lower demands.
Face threat sensitivity (FTS) is defined as reactive sensitivity to threats to one’s social self-worth. In negotiations, such threats may come from a counterpart's competitive behavior. We developed and tested the argument that individuals high in face threat sensitivity, when negotiating with a competitive (vs. cooperative) counterpart, exhibit psychological responses that inhibit them from claiming value in distributive negotiations. Employing a face-to-face interaction paradigm, Study 1 revealed that higher counterpart competitiveness was negatively associated with high (but not low) FTS negotiators’ global self-esteem, which in turn led them to be less demanding and obtain worse negotiation outcomes. In Study 2, employing a simulated on-line interaction paradigm, we manipulated counterpart’s behavior (cooperative vs. competitive) to establish causality and examined specific aspects of negotiator global self-esteem that may account for the effect. We found that the effect of counterpart’s competitiveness on high FTS negotiators’ demand levels was mediated by their performance self-esteem, but not by their social self-esteem. In Study 3, we manipulated performance self-esteem to establish it as a causal underlying psychological mechanism. For high FTS negotiators, when performance self-esteem was low, demand levels were significantly lower with a competitive (vs. cooperative) counterpart. However, when performance self-esteem was high, there was no significant difference in demand levels depending on counterpart’s behavior. This finding suggests that negotiating with a competitive (vs. cooperative) counterpart reduces high FTS negotiators’ performance self-esteem, which in turn leads them to make lower demands. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Baryła W, Wojciszke B. Success Leads to Agentic Cognition: Two Field Studies. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550618765065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Not much is known about the cognitive consequences of success and failure, and there is no comprehensive theory explaining their aftermath. Building on a dual-perspective model of social cognition, we offer such a preliminary theory that assumes that experiencing success induces an agentic perspective, whereas experiencing failure induces a recipient perspective. We present two field studies of persons failing or succeeding at their naturally occurring goals. The studies found that the experience of success was accompanied by heightened accessibility and use of agentic content. The experience of failure resulted in lowered mood and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Baryła
- Faculty in Sopot, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland
| | - Bogdan Wojciszke
- Faculty in Sopot, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland
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Bialobrzeska O, Parzuchowski M, Wojciszke B. Manipulated taking the agent versus the recipient perspective seems not to affect the relationship between agency-communion and self-esteem: A small-scale meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213183. [PMID: 30818395 PMCID: PMC6394982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing debate about the relationship between self-perceived agency-communion and self-esteem. One viewpoint for this debate is offered by the Dual Perspective Model, a novel theoretical framework that introduces the agent and the recipient as two fundamental perspectives in social perception. Building on this model, we expected higher importance of self-ascribed agency for self-esteem in the agent perspective than in the recipient perspective and a higher importance of self-ascribed communion for self-esteem in the recipient than in the agent perspective. However, the meta-analysis of six experiments (N = 659, 68% females) showed no interaction of the perspectives and self-ascribed agency and communion in predicting self-esteem. These findings demonstrate that the relationship between agency-communion and self-esteem seems to be fairly independent of one's temporary mindset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bialobrzeska
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- Center of Research on Cognition and Behavior, Faculty in Sopot, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michal Parzuchowski
- Center of Research on Cognition and Behavior, Faculty in Sopot, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland
| | - Bogdan Wojciszke
- Center of Research on Cognition and Behavior, Faculty in Sopot, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland
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Hauke N, Abele AE. Two faces of the self: Actor-self perspective and observer-self perspective are differentially related to agency versus communion. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1584582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hauke
- Department of psychology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea E. Abele
- Department of psychology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Formanowicz M, Goldenberg A, Saguy T, Pietraszkiewicz A, Walker M, Gross JJ. Understanding dehumanization: The role of agency and communion. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nehrlich AD, Gebauer JE, Sedikides C, Abele AE. Individual self > relational self > collective self-But why? Processes driving the self-hierarchy in self- and person perception. J Pers 2018; 87:212-230. [PMID: 29577298 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The self has three parts: individual, relational, and collective. Typically, people personally value their individual self most, their relational self less, and their collective self least. This self-hierarchy is consequential, but underlying processes have remained unknown. Here, we propose two process accounts. The content account draws upon selves' agentic-communal content, explaining why the individual self is preferred most. The teleology account draws upon selves' instrumentality for becoming one's personal ideal, explaining why the collective self is preferred least. METHOD In Study 1 (N = 200, 45% female, Mage = 32.9 years, 79% Caucasian), participants listed characteristics of their three selves (individual, relational, collective) and evaluated those characteristics in seven preference tasks. Additionally, we analyzed the characteristics' agentic-communal content, and participants rated their characteristics' teleological instrumentality. Study 2 (N = 396, 55% female, Mage = 34.5 years, 76% Caucasian) used identical methodology and featured an additional condition, where participants evaluated the selves of a friend. RESULTS Study 1 reconfirmed the self-hierarchy and supported both process accounts. Study 2 replicated and extended findings. As hypothesized, when people evaluate others' selves, a different self-hierarchy emerges (relational > individual > collective). CONCLUSIONS This research pioneers process-driven explanations for the self-hierarchy, establishing why people prefer different self-parts in themselves than in others.
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Formanowicz M, Roessel J, Suitner C, Maass A. Verbs as linguistic markers of agency: The social side of grammar. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Formanowicz
- University of Humanities and Social Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; University of Bern; Switzerland
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The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Emotional Intelligence from a Gendered Approach. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03395790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abele AE, Hauke N, Peters K, Louvet E, Szymkow A, Duan Y. Facets of the Fundamental Content Dimensions: Agency with Competence and Assertiveness-Communion with Warmth and Morality. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1810. [PMID: 27920737 PMCID: PMC5118442 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agency (A) and communion (C) are fundamental content dimensions. We propose a facet-model that differentiates A into assertiveness (AA) and competence (AC) and C into warmth (CW) and morality (CM). We tested the model in a cross-cultural study by comparing data from Asia, Australia, Europe, and the USA (overall N = 1.808). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported our model. Both the two-factor model and the four-factor model showed good fit indices across countries. Participants answered additional measures intended to demonstrate the fruitfulness of distinguishing the facets. The findings support the model's construct validity by positioning the fundamental dimensions and their facets within a network of self-construal, values, impression management, and the Big Five personality factors: In all countries, A was related to independent self-construal and to agentic values, C was related to interdependent self-construal and to communal values. Regarding the facets, AA was always related to A values, but the association of AC with A values fell below our effect size criterion in four of the five countries. A (both AA and AC) was related to agentic impression management. However, C (both CW and CM) was neither related to communal nor to agentic impression management. Regarding the Big Five personality factors, A was related to emotional stability, to extraversion, and to conscientiousness. C was related to agreeableness and to extraversion. AA was more strongly related to emotional stability and extraversion than AC. CW was more strongly related to extraversion and agreeableness than CM. We could also show that self-esteem was more related to AA than AC; and that it was related to CM, but not to CW. Our research shows that (a) the fundamental dimensions of A and C are stable across cultures; and (b) that the here proposed distinction of facets of A and C is fruitful in analyzing self-perception. The here proposed measure, the AC-IN, may be a useful tool in this research area. Applications of the facet model in social perception research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Abele
- Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Hauke
- Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Kim Peters
- School of Psychology, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eva Louvet
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, University of StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Aleksandra Szymkow
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot CampusWarsaw, Poland
| | - Yanping Duan
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Agency has been conceptualized as a drive toward mastery, control, and effective self-management. Such an agentic approach to life and its challenges may be life-prolonging, a hypothesis not previously investigated. METHOD In four studies, individual differences in agency were assessed in terms of the frequency with which agency-related words (e.g., "achieve," "fix," and "control") were mentioned in archived interviews or speeches (N = 210). RESULTS Higher levels of linguistic agency predicted longer life-spans among prominent physicists (study 1: n = 60, β = .30, t = 2.30, p = .025), historians (study 2: n = 69, β = .29, t = 2.47, p = .016), psychologists (study 3: n = 45, β = .32, t = 2.35, p = .024), and American presidents (study 4: n = 36, β = .75, t = 2.74, p = .010) when adjusting for birth year. Considered from another angle, life-span longevity averaged 8 years longer at a high (+1 standard deviation) relative to low (-1 standard deviation) level of the linguistic agency continuum, a marked difference. Follow-up analyses indicated that these results could not be attributed to covarying levels of positive emotion, negative emotion, or social connection, as quantified in terms of other linguistic categories. CONCLUSIONS The investigation provides unique support for agentic perspectives on health, and several potential mechanisms are discussed.
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Cohen J, Darnon C, Mollaret P. Distinguishing the desire to learn from the desire to perform: The social value of achievement goals. The Journal of Social Psychology 2016; 157:30-46. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1152216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abele AE. Pursuit of communal values in an agentic manner: a way to happiness? Front Psychol 2014; 5:1320. [PMID: 25477843 PMCID: PMC4235276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research studies the association between traits, values, and life satisfaction. While values should influence the direction of an individual's goals and behavior, his/her traits impact effort-expenditure, efficiency, and persistence in goal-pursuit. We apply the framework of the "Big Two" of agency and communion (Bakan, 1966) for distinguishing the content of values and traits. While agentic content refers to qualities relevant for goal-attainment, such as assertiveness, competence or persistence, communal content refers to qualities relevant for the establishment and maintenance of social relationships, such as being friendly, helpful, or fair. We predict that high scores on communal values and high scores on agentic traits are associated with life satisfaction. We test these predictions in two studies conducted in different countries (Germany and Russia) with different cultural background. The findings support our reasoning: across both countries we find positive associations of communal values and agentic traits with life satisfaction; and individuals high in communal values and high in agentic traits are most satisfied with their lives. In Russia, the association of communal values with life satisfaction is moderated by agentic traits; in Germany, however, there is a main effect of communal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Abele
- Social Psychology Group, University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
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Sobiraj S, Korek S, Rigotti T. Instrumentality and Expressiveness at Work. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Men’s professional work roles require different attributes according to the gender-typicality of their occupation (female- versus male-dominated). We predicted that levels of men’s strain and job satisfaction would be predicted by levels of self-ascribed instrumental and expressive attributes. Therefore, we tested for positive effects of instrumentality for men in general, and instrumentality in interaction with expressiveness for men in female-dominated occupations in particular. Data were based on a survey of 213 men working in female-dominated occupations and 99 men working in male-dominated occupations. We found instrumentality to be negatively related to men’s strain and positively related to their job satisfaction. We also found expressiveness of men in female-dominated occupations to be related to reduced strain when instrumentality was low. This suggests it is important for men to be able to identify highly with either instrumentality or expressiveness when regulating role demands in female-dominated occupations.
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Caruana S, Lefeuvre R, Mollaret P. Looking for performance in personality inventories: The primacy of evaluative information over descriptive traits. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Caruana
- Cognition, Health & Socialization Laboratory (C2S); University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Reims France
- CDE Consultants; Reims France
| | - Régis Lefeuvre
- Cognition, Health & Socialization Laboratory (C2S); University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Reims France
| | - Patrick Mollaret
- Cognition, Health & Socialization Laboratory (C2S); University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Reims France
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Korek S, Sobiraj S, Weseler D, Rigotti T, Mohr G. The gender role self-concept of men in female-dominated occupations: does it depend on how they see their jobs? JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Korek
- Work and Organizational Psychology; University of Leipzig
| | - Sonja Sobiraj
- Work and Organizational Psychology; University of Leipzig
| | - Daniela Weseler
- Psychology in Work Life; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Work, Organizational and Economic Psychology; Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | - Gisela Mohr
- Work and Organizational Psychology; University of Leipzig
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You are so kind – and I am kind and smart: Actor – Observer Differences in the Interpretation of On-going Behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/ppb-2014-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abele AE, Wojciszke B. Communal and Agentic Content in Social Cognition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800284-1.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Kuenemund A, Zwick S, Doering BK, Conrad N, Rief W, Exner C. Decline in attainability of communion and agency life goals over 2 years following acquired brain injury and the impact on subjective well-being. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2013; 23:678-97. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2013.801779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The relationship between perfectionism, agency, and communion: A longitudinal mixed methods analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Uchronski M, Abele AE, Bruckmüller S. Empathic Perspective Taking and the Situational Malleability of the Communal Self-concept. SELF AND IDENTITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2012.655896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Personality Traits in Clinical Depression and Remitted Depression: An Analysis of Instrumental-Agentic and Expressive-Communal Traits. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-009-9063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fiske ST, Bergsieker HB, Russell AM, Williams L. IMAGES OF BLACK AMERICANS: Then, "Them," and Now, "Obama!". DU BOIS REVIEW : SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ON RACE 2009; 6:10.1017/S1742058X0909002X. [PMID: 24235974 PMCID: PMC3825175 DOI: 10.1017/s1742058x0909002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Images of Black Americans are becoming remarkably diverse, enabling Barack Obama to defy simple-minded stereotypes and succeed. Understood through the Stereotype Content Model's demonstrably fundamental trait dimensions of perceived warmth and competence, images of Black Americans show three relevant patterns. Stereotyping by omission allows non-Blacks to accentuate the positive, excluding any lingering negativity but implying it by its absence; specifically, describing Black Americans as gregarious and passionate suggests warmth but ignores competence and implies its lack. Obama's credentials prevented him from being cast as incompetent, though the experience debate continued. His legendary calm and passionate charisma saved him on the warmth dimension. Social class subtypes for Black Americans differentiate dramatically between low-income Blacks and Black professionals, among both non-Black and Black samples. Obama clearly fit the moderately warm, highly competent Black-professional subtype. Finally, the campaign's events (and nonevents) allowed voter habituation to overcome non-Blacks' automatic emotional vigilance to Black Americans.
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Uchronski M. Agency and communion in spontaneous self-descriptions: Occurrence and situational malleability. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cislak A, Wojciszke B. Agency and communion are inferred from actions serving interests of self or others. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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