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Hybrid NiO nanostructured/sulfanilamide polymeric film for studying possible pharmacokinetic interaction between avanafil and nimodipine in real human serum by their simultaneous determination using square-wave voltammetry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Development of a composite electrode based on graphite and polycaprolactone for the determination of antihypertensive drugs. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Fernandes IG, Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Oliveira-Brett AM. Calcium channel blocker lercanidipine electrochemistry using a carbon black-modified glassy carbon electrode. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6381-6389. [PMID: 32270246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lercanidipine, a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium L-type channel blocker, redox behavior at different carbon electrode materials, in a wide pH range, using cyclic, square-wave, and differential pulse voltammetry, was studied. A comparison was made between unmodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE), and GCE and BDDE modified with a carbon black (CB) nanoparticle embedded within a dihexadecylphosphate (DHP) nanostructured film (CB-DHP/GCE and CB-DHP/BDDE). Lercanidipine oxidation, for 3.4 < pH < 9.5, is an irreversible, diffusion-controlled, pH-dependent process that occurs in two consecutive steps, with the transfer of one electron and one proton, at the N1 and C4 positions in the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring. For pH > 9.5, both oxidation processes are pH-independent and a pKa = 9.40 was determined. Lercanidipine reduction at pH = 7.0 is an irreversible process, and the lercanidipine reduction products are electroactive and follow a reversible electron transfer reaction. Lercanidipine electroanalytical determination, at a nanostructured GCE modified with a CB-DHP film (CB-DHP/GCE), with no need for N2 purging, with a detection limit of 0.058 μM (3.58 × 10-5 g L-1) and a quantification limit of 0.176 μM (1.08 × 10-4 g L-1), was achieved. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garrido Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana-Maria Chiorcea-Paquim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira-Brett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Farghaly O, Hameed R, Abu-Nawwas AAH. Analytical Application Using Modern Electrochemical Techniques. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2014; 9:3287-3318. [DOI: 10.1016/s1452-3981(23)08010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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5
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Pardo-Jiménez V, Barrientos C, Pérez-Cruz K, Navarrete-Encina P, Olea-Azar C, Nuñez-Vergara LJ, Squella J. Synthesis and electrochemical oxidation of hybrid compounds: dihydropyridine-fused coumarins. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Determination of nifedipine using nanostructured electrochemical sensor based on simple synthesis of Ag nanoparticles at the surface of glassy carbon electrode: Application to the analysis of some real samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Salazar R, Navarrete-Encina P, Squella J, Barrientos C, Pardo-Jiménez V, Núñez-Vergara LJ. Study on the oxidation of C4-phenolic-1,4-dihydropyridines and its reactivity towards superoxide radical anion in dimethylsulfoxide. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Electrochemical oxidation of C4-vanillin- and C4-isovanillin-1,4-dihydropyridines in aprotic medium: Reactivity towards free radicals. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Squella JA, Lemus I, Sturm JC, Núñez-Vergara LJ. Voltammetric Behaviour of Ketorolac and Its HPLC-EC Determination in Tablets. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Al-Omar MA. Nimodipine: analytical profile. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2005; 31:355-369. [PMID: 22469046 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-5428(04)31010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh-11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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López-Alarcón C, Núñez-Vergara L, Squella J. Voltammetric oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines in protic and aprotic media: relevance of the substitution on N position. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Alvarez-Lueje A, Sturm J, Squella JA, Núñez-Vergara LJ. Hydrolytic degradation of nitrendipine and nisoldipine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:887-95. [PMID: 12039630 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new HPLC-UV diode array procedure applied to follow the hydrolytic degradation of two well-known 4-nitrophenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, nitrendipine and nisoldipine is reported. Hydrolysis of each drug were carried out in ethanol/Britton-Robinson buffer at different pHs, stored into amber vials at controlled temperatures of 40, 60 and 80 degrees C and periodically sampled and assayed by HPLC. Nitrendipine degradation in different parenteral solutions was also evaluated. The HPLC procedure exhibited an adequate selectivity, repeatability (<1%) and reproducibility (<2%). The recoveries were higher than 98% with CV of 1.13 and 1.54% for nitrendipine and nisoldipine, respectively. A significant degradation was observed at alkaline pH (>pH 8) with a first order kinetic for both drugs. At pH 12, 80 degrees C, k values of 3.56x10(-2) x h(-1) and 2.22x10(-2) for nitrendipine and nisoldipine, respectively were obtained. Also, activation energies of 16.8 and 14.7 kcal x mol(-1) for nitrendipine and nisoldipine, respectively, were calculated. Furthermore, from the results obtained from hydrolytic degradation in different solutions for parenteral use, we can affirm that solutions significantly increased the degradation of nitrendipine. In conclusion, the HPLC proposed procedure exhibited adequate analytical requirements to be applied to the hydrolytic degradation studies of nitrendipine and nisoldipine. Furthermore, all tested parenteral solutions significantly increased the hydrolytic degradation of nitrendipine, the composition of solution being a relevant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez-Lueje
- Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, 1, Santiago, Chile.
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A Selective Voltammetric Method to Follow the Hydrolytic Degradation of Nitrendipine and Nisoldipine. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200112)13:18<1485::aid-elan1485>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Toniolo R, Di Narda F, Bontempelli G, Ursini F. An electroanalytical investigation on the redox properties of lacidipine supporting its anti-oxidant effect. Bioelectrochemistry 2000; 51:193-200. [PMID: 10910169 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(00)00073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The redox properties of lacidipine (PyH2), one of the most pharmacologically active N-unsubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines, have been studied by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis in acetonitrile, an aprotic solvent that is, at best, a mimic of the lipofilic layer of biological membranes. PyH2 undergoes a two-electron oxidation process involving two consecutive one-electron releases, the latter requiring potentials much less positive than the former. The overall process occurs through a primary one-electron step accompanied by a fast proton release, with the formation of a neutral radical (PyH*), which undergoes a further and quite easier one-electron step, thus providing the main ultimate product (PyH+) consisting in the protonated form of the parent pyridine derivative. This appears relevant for the anti-oxidant effect since the radical intermediate is much more prone to be oxidized than to be reduced, thus preventing the propagation of the oxidative chain reaction. The mentioned release of protons in the primary electrode step causes the overall process to be complicated by a parassite side reaction involving the coupling between one of the electrode products (H+) and the starting species. The protonation of PyH2 subtracts part of the original species from the electrode process because the parent cationic species (PyH3+) is no longer electroactive. This parassite reaction occurs rather slowly in the timescale of electroanalytical measurements (the relevant kinetic constant has been estimated to be 6.4 l mol(-1) s(-1)), thus markedly affecting the process only in the presence of relatively high PyH2 concentrations and progressively decreasing with the starting PyH2 concentration. All the products formed in the oxidation process (PyH+, H+ and PyH3+) have been identified by voltammetric evidences based on deep investigations on their cathodic behaviour. The advantageous anti-oxidant properties displayed by PyH2 with respect to those exhibited by phenolic anti-oxidants such as vitamin E are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Udine, Italy
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Fuentes L, Lorenzo MJ, Márquez C, Galakhov M. Amalgam (Na.Hg) reduction of some 4-Substituted-2-amino-3,5-dicyano-6-methoxypyridines. New evidence regarding the oxidation step in their synthesis. J Heterocycl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570360225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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A common method for the determination of several calcium channel blockers using an HPLC system with ultraviolet detection. Talanta 1998; 47:1245-54. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/1997] [Revised: 02/23/1998] [Accepted: 05/22/1998] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Alvarez-Lueje A, Naranjo L, Núñez-Vergara LJ, Squella JA. Electrochemical study of nisoldipine: analytical application in pharmaceutical forms and photodegradation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 16:853-62. [PMID: 9580340 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The anodic and cathodic behavior of nisoldipine, 3-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridine-3 ,5-dicarboxylate, are reported. This drug belongs to the nitroaryl-1,4-dihydropyridine family, known as calcium channel antagonist and employed in therapeuticalls as peripheral and cerebral vasodilators, in the treatment of the arterial hypertension. The cathodic response corresponds to the reduction of the nitroaromatic group to generate the hydroxylamine derivative. The study by dc and d.p.p. reveals the appearance of four signals depending on pH: Signal I (pH 1-11.5) R - NO2 + 4H+ + 4e- --> R - NHOH + H2O; Signal II (pH 1-5) R - N+H2OH + 2H+ + 2e- --> RN+H3 + H2O; Signal III (pH > 11.5) R - NO2 + e- <--> R - NO2.-; Signal IV (pH > 11.5) R - NO2.- + 3e- + 4H+ --> R - NHOH. In contrast, the anodic response corresponds to the oxidation of the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring to generate the corresponding pyridine derivative. Both, cathodic (d.p.p.) and anodic signals (d.p.v.) were employed to develop analytical methodology for the determination of the drug. The repeatability of the measurements for both methods was adequate with R.S.D. of 1.4% (n = 10) and 2.1% (n = 10) for d.p.p. and d.p.v., respectively. Also recovery studies, 103.8% (R.S.D. 2.65%) by d.p.p. and 98.7% (R.S.D. 2.1%) by d.p.v. show that the accuracy and precision of the developed methods were adequate. The analytical methods were successfully applied to the determination of nisoldipine in both tablets and capsules. In addition, a preliminary study of the photostability of nisoldipine (using both UV and artificial day light) was completed. The identity of the main electroactive photodegradation products by GC with spectrometry detection is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez-Lueje
- Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago
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Sentürk Z, Ozkan SA, Ozkan Y. Electroanalytical study of nifedipine using activated glassy carbon electrode. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 16:801-7. [PMID: 9535192 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical properties of nifedipine have been investigated in aqueous solution by linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry. The method is based both on the reduction and on the oxidation of the drug at a glassy carbon electrode activated by applying a new pre-treatment. The voltammograms of nifedipine on pH, concentration and scan rate have been carefully examined. Both the electroreduction and electrooxidation of nifedipine allow its determination at pH 1.5 in the concentration range of 2 x 10(-5)-6 x 10(-4) M and 8 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-3) M, respectively. The method has been applied to commercial samples (tablets and capsules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sentürk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Turkey
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Núñez-Vergara LJ, Ortiz ME, Bollo S, Squella JA. Electrochemical generation and reactivity of free radical redox intermediates from ortho- and meta-nitro substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines. Chem Biol Interact 1997; 106:1-14. [PMID: 9305405 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(97)00050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a comprehensive study by cyclic voltammetry on the electrochemical characteristics and the reactivity of the one-electron reduction product from a series of nitro aryl 1,4-dihydropyridines in mixed and aprotic media. In addition, the effects of 1,4-DHP on the oxygen consumption of T. cruzi epimastigotes are reported. One-electron reduction products from 1,4-DHP derivatives significantly reacted with both thiol compounds and the nuclei acid bases, adenine and uracil. This reactivity was significantly higher than the natural decay of the radicals in mixed media. Based on these results the following tentative order of reactivity towards the xeno/endobiotics is as follows: cysteamine > glutathione > adenineuracil. Both the stability and the reactivity of the nitro radical anions electrochemically generated from 1,4-DHP showed a linear dependence with pH. The sensitivity to pH of the radicals derived from o-nitro substituted derivatives was significantly higher than m-nitro substituted derivatives. On the other hand, in all cases an increase of pH produced a significant decrease in the interaction rate constant. Interaction studies carried out in aprotic media did not show any reactivity of the radicals towards both thiol compounds and the nuclei acid bases, adenine and uracil. Therefore, we concluded that the interaction process requires certain proton activity in the media. All the tested 1,4-dihydropyridines inhibited the oxygen consumption by T. cruzi epimastigotes, Tulahuén strain. The drugs with higher electron-affinity produced greater inhibition than those with lower electron-affinity (i.e. nicardipine vs nifedipine).
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Núñez-Vergara
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Electrochemical reduction of 4-(nitrophenyl)-1,2- and 4-(nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines and the ESR spectra of the obtained free-radical particles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02256761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Squella J, Jimenez G, Bollo S, Núñez-Vergara L. Electroreduction of 4-(nitrophenyl) substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines on the mercury electrode in aprotic medium. Electrochim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(96)00406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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