Dual enzyme amperometric biosensor for putrescine with interference suppression

Design and syntheses of novel fluorescent organosilicon-based chemosensors through click silylation: detection of biogenic amines

First report on the use of organosilicon-based chemosensors for the recognition of biogenic amines.

An interference free amperometric biosensor for the detection of biogenic amines in food products

In this work is reported the development and application of an amperometric biosensor for the determination of total biogenic amines content by using the commercial diamino oxidase (DAO from Porcine kidney E.C. 1.4.3.6) as the biocomponent, entrapped by glutaraldehyde onto an electrosynthesized bilayer film. In order to minimize both the fouling and the interference caused by the direct electrochemical oxidation of both the analytes (i.e., biogenic amines) and the common interferents usually present in food products the performances of Pt and Au electrodes and of several electroproduced anti-interferents mono- and bi-layer films were tested. In spite of a very low activity of the commercial DAO, the biosensor displayed a high response sensitivity in flow experiments, short response time, a good linear response and low detection limits. The excellent anti-interference characteristics allowed the use of the biosensor in screening analysis of food products.

A mediatorless biosensor for putrescine using multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride, having a capability of dispersing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), permits the modification of electrode surfaces. Together with putrescine oxidase, a MWCNT modified glassy carbon electrode was constructed for the development of a mediatorless putrescine biosensor. Nanoscale "dendrites" of MWCNTs were reasoned to form a network, projecting outward from the electrode surface acting like bundled ultra-microelectrodes, thereby permitting access to the active site and facilitating direct electron transfer to the immobilized enzyme. Our biosensor was capable of efficiently monitoring the direct electroactivity of putrescine oxidase at the electrode surface. Direct electron transfer permits the detection of putrescine at negative potentials, circumventing the interference of endogenous ascorbic and uric acids, which often complicate the analysis of important compounds in plasma. Compared with the most common interfering species, such as spermine, spermidine, cadaverine, and histamine, a detection limit of 5 microM and a response 20 times greater were found for putrescine. Tests performed on plasma of cancerous mice demonstrated that the detection of putrescine could be carried out very quickly on mammalian plasma without previous purification.

Bienzyme biosensors for glucose, ethanol and putrescine built on oxidase and sweet potato peroxidase

Amperometric biosensors for glucose, ethanol, and biogenic amines (putrescine) were constructed using oxidase/peroxidase bienzyme systems. The H(2)O(2) produced by the oxidase in reaction with its substrate is converted into a measurable signal via a novel peroxidase purified from sweet potato peels. All developed biosensors are based on redox hydrogels formed of oxidases (glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase, or amine oxidase) and the newly purified sweet potato peroxidase (SPP) cross-linked to a redox polymer. The developed electrodes were characterized (sensitivity, stability, and performances in organic medium) and compared with similarly built ones using the 'classical' horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The SPP-based electrodes displayed higher sensitivity and better detection limit for putrescine than those using HRP and were also shown to retain their activity in organic phase much better than the HPR based ones. The importance of attractive or repulsive electrostatic interactions between the peroxidases and oxidases (determined by their isoelectric points) were found to play an important role in the sensitivity of the obtained sensors.

Redox hydrogel-based amperometric bienzyme electrodes for fish freshness monitoring

This work presents the design and optimization of amperometric biosensors for the determination of biogenic amines (e.g., histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, cystamine, agmatine, spermidine), commonly present in food products, and their application for monitoring of freshness in fish samples. The biosensors were used as the working electrodes of a three-electrode electrochemical cell of wall-jet type, operated at -50 mV vs Ag/AgCl, in a flow injection system. Two different bienzyme electrode designs were considered, one based on the two enzymes [a newly isolated and purified amine oxidase (AO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)] simply adsorbed onto graphite electrodes, and one when they were cross-linked to an Os-based redox polymer. The redox hydrogel-based biosensors showed better biosensors characteristics, i.e., sensitivity of 0.194 A M-1 cm-2 for putrescine and 0.073 A M-1 cm-2 for histamine, and detection limits (calculated as three times the signal-to-noise ratio) of 0.17 microM for putrescine and 0.33 microM for histamine. The optimized redox hydrogel-based biosensors were evaluated in terms of stability and selectivity, and were used for the determination of total amine content in fish samples kept for 10 days in different conditions.

Biosensors for food analysis

Concerning speed, cost and on-line capabilities, biosensors offer attractive alternatives to existing methods for food analysis. They make monitoring and control of manufacturing processes possible. Furthermore, portable biosensors could be used for monitoring in manufacturing, retail and distribution of foods. An overview is given about existing biosensors for foodstuffs that could find applications in food industry.