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Ming T, Lan T, Yu M, Wang H, Deng J, Kong D, Yang S, Shen Z. Platinum Black/Gold Nanoparticles/Polyaniline Modified Electrochemical Microneedle Sensors for Continuous In Vivo Monitoring of pH Value. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2796. [PMID: 37447441 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous in vivo monitoring (CIVM) of pH value is essential for personalized medicine, as many diseases are closely related to acid-base imbalances. However, conventional pH meters are limited in their ability to perform CIVM due to excessive blood consumption, large device volume, frequent calibration, and inadequate real-time monitoring. There is thus an urgent need for a portable method for CIVM of pH value. To address this need, we propose a minimally invasive, continuous monitoring solution in the form of an implantable pH microneedle sensor (MNS) in this study. The MNS is based on the integration of an acupuncture needle (AN) and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. We fabricate the sensor by electrochemically depositing platinum black and gold nanoparticles onto the AN and further modifying it with polyaniline to increase its sensitivity to hydrogen ions. The pH value is obtained by calculating the open circuit voltage between the modified AN and the reference electrode. The resulting MNS demonstrates excellent selectivity and a high nernstian response to pH (-57.4 mV per pH) over a broad range (pH = 4.0 to pH = 9.0). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have verified the performance of the sensor, showcasing its potential for biomedical research and clinical practice. The MNS provides an alternative to conventional pH meters, offering a less invasive and more convenient way to perform CIVM of pH value. Moreover, this electrochemical implantable sensor based on AN and silver wires provides a simple and sensitive method for continuous in vivo detection of other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ming
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Tingting Lan
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Mingxing Yu
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
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Hydrothermally reduced graphene oxide as a sensing material for electrically transduced pH sensors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Srinivas S, Ashokkumar K, Sriraghavan K, Senthil Kumar A. A prototype device of microliter volume voltammetric pH sensor based on carbazole-quinone redox-probe tethered MWCNT modified three-in-one screen-printed electrode. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13905. [PMID: 34230547 PMCID: PMC8260652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternate for the conventional glass-based pH sensor which is associated with problems like fragile nature, alkaline error, and potential drift, the development of a new redox-sensitive pH probe-modified electrode that could show potential, current-drift and surface-fouling free voltammetric pH sensing is a demanding research interest, recently. Herein, we report a substituted carbazole-quinone (Car-HQ) based new redox-active pH-sensitive probe that contains benzyl and bromo-substituents, immobilized multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon (GCE/MWCNT@Car-HQ) and screen-printed three-in-one (SPE/MWCNT@Car-HQ) electrodes for selective, surface-fouling free pH sensor application. This new system showed a well-defined surface-confined redox peak at an apparent standard electrode potential, Eo' = - 0.160 V versus Ag/AgCl with surface-excess value, Γ = 47 n mol cm-2 in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. When tested with various electroactive chemicals and biochemicals such as cysteine, hydrazine, NADH, uric acid, and ascorbic acid, MWCNT@Car-HQ showed an unaltered redox-peak potential and current values without mediated oxidation/reduction behavior unlike the conventional hydroquinone, anthraquinone and other redox mediators based voltammetry sensors with serious electrocatalytic effects and in turn potential and current drifts. A strong π-π interaction, nitrogen-atom assisted surface orientation and C-C bond formation on the graphitic structure of MWCNT are the plausible reasons for stable and selective voltammetric pH sensing application of MWCNT@Car-HQ system. Using a programed/in-built three-in-one screen printed compatible potentiostat system, voltammetric pH sensing of 3 μL sample of urine, saliva, and orange juice samples with pH values comparable to that of milliliter volume-based pH-glass electrode measurements has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Srinivas
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Krishnan Ashokkumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Kamaraj Sriraghavan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Saikrithika S, Kumar AS. A selective voltammetric pH sensor using graphitized mesoporous carbon/polyaniline hybrid system. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The aqueous deposition of a pH sensitive quinone on carbon paste electrodes using linear sweep voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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An ultrasensitive method of real time pH monitoring with complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 858:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Dai C, Crawford LP, Song P, Fisher AC, Lawrence NS. A novel sensor based on electropolymerized substituted-phenols for pH detection in unbuffered systems. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric waves associated with the electrochemical oxidation of salicylaldehyde and its derivatives exhibit Nernstian responses to pH variations in both buffered and unbuffered media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Dai
- Schlumberger Gould Research Center
- Cambridge CB3 0 EL
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Cambridge
| | | | - Peng Song
- Schlumberger Gould Research Center
- Cambridge CB3 0 EL
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Cambridge
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Park W, Kim S. Triggerable single-component two-electrode voltammetric pH sensors using dyad molecules. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chen L, Kong X, Yan D, Wei M, Duan X. Fabrication of Acid Violet 34/Nickel Hydroxide Ultrathin Film and Its Electrocatalytic Performance for Glucose. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guin PS, Das S, Mandal PC. Electrochemical Reduction of Quinones in Different Media: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/816202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron transfer reactions involving quinones, hydroquinones, and catechols are very important in many areas of chemistry, especially in biological systems. The therapeutic efficiency as well as toxicity of anthracycline anticancer drugs, a class of anthraquinones, is governed by their electrochemical properties. Other quinones serve as important functional moiety in various biological systems like electron-proton carriers in the respiratory chain and their involvement in photosynthetic electron flow systems. The present paper summarizes literatures on the reduction of quinones in different solvents under various conditions using different electrochemical methods. The influence of different reaction conditions including pH of the media, nature of supporting electrolytes, nature of other additives, intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonding, ion pair formation, polarity of the solvents, stabilization of the semiquinone and quinone dianion, catalytic property, and adsorption at the electrode surface, are discussed and relationships between reaction conditions and products formed have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sarathi Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), 412/1 G. T. Road (South), Howrah 711102, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - P. C. Mandal
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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Makos MA, Omiatek DM, Ewing AG, Heien ML. Development and characterization of a voltammetric carbon-fiber microelectrode pH sensor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10386-91. [PMID: 20380393 PMCID: PMC4774550 DOI: 10.1021/la100134r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development and characterization of a modified carbon-fiber microelectrode sensor capable of measuring real-time physiological pH changes in biological microenvironments. The reagentless sensor was fabricated under ambient conditions from voltammetric reduction of the diazonium salt Fast Blue RR onto a carbon-fiber surface in aprotic media. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to probe redox activity of the p-quinone moiety of the surface-bound molecule as a function of pH. In vitro calibration of the sensor in solutions ranging from pH 6.5 to 8.0 resulted in a pH-dependent anodic peak potential response. Flow-injection analysis was used to characterize the modified microelectrode, revealing sensitivity to acidic and basic changes discernible to 0.005 pH units. Furthermore, the modified electrode was used to measure dynamic in vivo pH changes evoked during neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system of the microanalytical model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A. Makos
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 125 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Donna M. Omiatek
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 125 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 125 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, 10 Kemivagen, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michael L. Heien
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 125 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Shi K, Hu K, Wang S, Lau CY, Shiu KK. Structural studies of electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode: Effects of chloride anion on the redox responses of copper deposition. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Oxygen reduction at the surface of glassy carbon electrodes modified with anthraquinone derivatives and dyes. J Solid State Electrochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-004-0610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hassan SSM, Marzouk SAM, Badawy NM. SOLID STATE IRIDIUM OXIDE–TITANIUM BASED SENSOR FOR FLOW INJECTION pH MEASUREMENTS. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120006667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shamsipur M, Salimi A, Haddadzadeh H, Mousavi MF. Electrocatalytic activity of cobaloxime complexes adsorbed on glassy carbon electrodes toward the reduction of dioxygen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salimi A, Ghadermazi M. Electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen on a glassy carbon electrode modified with adsorbed cobaloxime complex. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:1165-70. [PMID: 11990589 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and electrochemical properties of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with cobaloxime complex were investigated. The complex of the type [CoIII(DO)(DOH)pn)Cl2] where (DO)(DOH)pn = N2,N2'-propanediylbis-2,3-butanedione-2-imine-3-oxime) was adsorbed irreversibly and strongly on the surface of preanodized glassy carbon electrode. Electrochemical behavior and stability of modified GC electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen has been studied using this modified glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry as diagnostic techniques. The modified electrode showed excellent eletrocatalytic ability for the reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide in acetate buffer (pH 4.0) with overpotential 1.0 V lower than the plain glassy carbon electrode. The formal potential for this modified electrode is not shifted to more negative potentials by repeated reduction-oxidation cycles in oxygen-saturated supporting electrolyte solution. The apparent electron transfer rate constant (kS), the transfer coefficent (alpha) and the catalytic rate constant of O2 reduction at a GC modified electrode were determined by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry and were found to be around 2.6 s(-1), 0.33 and 2.25 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). Based on the results, a catalytic mechanism is proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Arrigan DW, Gray DS. Electrochemical study of electroactive reagent retention in overoxidised polypyrrole films. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Salimi A, Mousavi MF, Sharghi H, Shamsipur M. Electrocatalysis of O2Reduction at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Adsorbed 1,4-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone Derivatives. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Salimi A, Eshghi H, Sharghi H, Golabi SM, Shamsipur M. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Dioxygen at the Surface of Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified by Some Anthraquinone Substituted Podands. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199902)11:2<114::aid-elan114>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Dai HP, Shiu KK. Voltammetric behavior of alizarin red S adsorbed on electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)10185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shiu KK, Song FY. Preconcentration and Electroanalysis of Copper Species at Electrochemically Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes Adsorbed with Alizarin Red S. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199804)10:4<256::aid-elan256>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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