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Xiang Z, Li W, Wan K, Fu Z, Liang Z. Aggregation of Electrochemically Active Conjugated Organic Molecules and Its Impact on Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214601. [PMID: 36383209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecule aggregation in solution is acknowledged to be universal and can regulate the molecule's physiochemical properties, which however has been rarely investigated in electrochemistry. Herein, an electrochemical method is developed to quantitatively study the aggregation behavior of the target molecule methyl viologen dichloride. It is found that the oxidation state dicationic ions stay discrete, while the singly-reduced state monoradicals yield a concentration-dependent aggregation behavior. As a result, the molecule's energy level and its redox potential can be effectively regulated. This work does not only provide a method to investigate the molecular aggregation, but also demonstrates the feasibility to tune redox flow battery's performance by regulating the aggregation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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Crapnell R, Alhasan HS, Partington LI, Zhou Y, Ahmed Z, Altalhi AA, Varley TS, Alahmadi N, Mehl GH, Kelly SM, Lawrence NS, Marken F, Wadhawan JD. Electrochemically Induced Mesomorphism Switching in a Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Lyotropic Liquid Crystal. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4630-4640. [PMID: 33644569 PMCID: PMC7905802 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of electrochemical switching of the Lα phase of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in water is reported. The phase is characterized using polarizing microscopy, X-ray scattering, rheological measurements, and microelectrode voltammetry. Fast, heterogeneous oxidation of the lyotropic liquid crystal is shown to cause a phase change resulting from the disordering of the structural order in a stepwise process. The underlying molecular dynamics is considered to be a cooperative effect of both increasing electrostatic interactions and an unfolding of the monomers from "butterfly"-shaped in the reduced form to planar in the oxidized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
D. Crapnell
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Huda S. Alhasan
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Lee I. Partington
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Ziauddin Ahmed
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Amal A. Altalhi
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Varley
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Nadiyah Alahmadi
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Georg H. Mehl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Kelly
- Organic
and Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Liquid Crystals
and Organophotonics Research Group, University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan S. Lawrence
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Marken
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jay D. Wadhawan
- Department
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University
of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, Humberside, United Kingdom
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3
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Effect of aggregation on the simple ion transfer across oil|water interfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhou S. Recent progresses in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal research: elasticity, viscosity, defect structures, and living liquid crystals. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2018.1570593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Zhou S, Cervenka AJ, Lavrentovich OD. Ionic-content dependence of viscoelasticity of the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal sunset yellow. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042505. [PMID: 25375513 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC) is an orientationally ordered system made by self-assembled aggregates of charged organic molecules in water, bound by weak noncovalent attractive forces and stabilized by electrostatic repulsions. We determine how the ionic content of the LCLC, namely, the presence of mono- and divalent salts and pH enhancing agent, alter the viscoelastic properties of the LCLC. Aqueous solutions of the dye sunset yellow with a uniaxial nematic order are used as an example. By applying a magnetic field to impose orientational deformations, we measure the splay K1, twist K2, and bend K3 elastic constants and rotation viscosity γ1 as a function of concentration of additives. The data indicate that the viscoelastic parameters are influenced by ionic content in dramatic and versatile ways. For example, the monovalent salt NaCl decreases K3 and K2 and increases γ1, while an elevated pH decreases all the parameters. We attribute these features to the ion-induced changes in length and flexibility of building units of LCLC, the chromonic aggregates, a property not found in conventional thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals formed by covalently bound units of fixed length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Adam J Cervenka
- Department of Chemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, USA
| | - Oleg D Lavrentovich
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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6
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Simonov AN, Kemppinen P, Pozo-Gonzalo C, Boas JF, Bilic A, Scully AD, Attia A, Nafady A, Mashkina EA, Winzenberg KN, Watkins SE, Bond AM. Aggregation of a Dibenzo[b,def]chrysene Based Organic Photovoltaic Material in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6839-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501220v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr N. Simonov
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Peter Kemppinen
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - John F. Boas
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Ante Bilic
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Scully
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Adel Attia
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Elena A. Mashkina
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Kevin N. Winzenberg
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Scott E. Watkins
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry and ‡School
of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering and ∥Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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Halls JE, Bourne RW, Wright KJ, Partington LI, Tamba MG, Zhou Y, Ramakrishnappa T, Mehl GH, Kelly SM, Wadhawan JD. Electrochemistry of organometallic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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8
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Park HS, Kang SW, Tortora L, Nastishin Y, Finotello D, Kumar S, Lavrentovich OD. Self-Assembly of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow and Effects of Ionic Additives. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:16307-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804767z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Shik Park
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, Institute of Physical Optics, 23 Dragomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine, and Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230
| | - Shin-Woong Kang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, Institute of Physical Optics, 23 Dragomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine, and Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230
| | - Luana Tortora
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, Institute of Physical Optics, 23 Dragomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine, and Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230
| | - Yuriy Nastishin
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, Institute of Physical Optics, 23 Dragomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine, and Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230
| | - Daniele Finotello
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, Institute of Physical Optics, 23 Dragomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine, and Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, Institute of Physical Optics, 23 Dragomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine, and Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230
| | - Oleg D. Lavrentovich
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, Institute of Physical Optics, 23 Dragomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine, and Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230
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