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Li Y, Zhu X, Ding J, Qin W. Robust Potentiometric Microelectrodes for In Situ Sensing of Ion Fluxes with High Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18754-18759. [PMID: 37989258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple, reproducible, and reliable preparation of robust potentiometric microelectrodes is both challenging and of great importance for noninvasive real-time ion sensing. Herein, we report a simple strategy for the large-scale synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) nanowire arrays grown on carbon fibers for potentiometric microelectrodes. The highly uniform NiCo2S4 nanowire array serving as a transduction layer can provide a high capillary pressure and viscous resistance for loading the ion sensing membrane and exhibit a large redox capacitance for improving the stability. An all-solid-state lead-selective microelectrode, which presents a detection limit of 2.5 × 10-8 M in the simulated soil solution, was designed as a model for noninvasive, in situ, and real-time detection of ion fluxes near the rice root surface. Importantly, the microsensor enables sensitive detection of trace-level ion-fluxes. This work provides a simple yet general strategy for designing potentiometric microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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2
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Kozma J, Papp S, Gyurcsányi RE. Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes based on ferrocene-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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3
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All-Solid-State Calcium Sensors Modified with Polypyrrol (PPY) and Graphene Oxide (GO) as Solid-Contact Ion-to-Electron Transducers. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reliable, cost-effective, and robust screen-printed sensors were constructed and presented for Ca2+ ions determination. The sensors were based on the use of bilirubin (1,3,6,7-tetramethyl-4,5- dicarboxyethy-2,8-divinyl-(b-13)-dihydrobilenone) as a recognition sensory material in plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes. Polypyrrol (PPY) and graphene oxide (GO) were used as ion-to-electron transducers, where the effects of anionic excluder, pH, and selectivity were investigated. In a 50 mM tris buffer solution of pH 5, the electrodes offered a potential response for Ca2+ ions with a near-Nernstian slopes of 38.1 ± 0.4 (r2 = 0.996) and 31.1 ± 0.6 (r2 = 0.999), detection limits 3.8 × 10−6 (0.152 μg/mL) and 2.3 × 10−7 M (8.0 ng/mL), and linear concentration ranges of 7.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−2 (400–0.28 μg/mL) and 7.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−2 M (400–0.028 μg/mL) for sensors based on PPY and GO, respectively. Both sensors revealed stable potentiometric responses with excellent reproducibility and enhanced selectivity over a number of most common metal ions, such as Na+, K+, Li+, NH4+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+. Impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometric techniques were used for evaluating the potential drift and the interfacial sensor capacitance. The proposed sensors offered the advantages of simple design, ability of miniaturization, good potential stability, and cost-effectiveness. The developed electrodes were applied successfully to Ca2+ ion assessment in different pharmaceutical products, baby-food formulations, and human blood samples. The results obtained were compared with data obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
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Ivanko I, Svoboda J, Lukešová M, Šeděnková I, Tomšík E. Hydrogen Bonding as a Tool to Control Chain Structure of PEDOT: Electrochemical Synthesis in the Presence of Different Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Ivanko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Lukešová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Šeděnková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Tomšík
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Shao Y, Ying Y, Ping J. Recent advances in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: functional materials, transduction mechanisms, and development trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4405-4465. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the design and applications of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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6
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Calcium-selective electrodes based on photo-cured polyurethane-acrylate membranes covalently attached to methacrylate functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as solid-contact. Talanta 2018; 186:279-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Guzinski M, Jarvis JM, D’Orazio P, Izadyar A, Pendley BD, Lindner E. Solid-Contact pH Sensor without CO2 Interference with a Superhydrophobic PEDOT-C14 as Solid Contact: The Ultimate “Water Layer” Test. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8468-8475. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Guzinski
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Jarvis
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Paul D’Orazio
- Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Anahita Izadyar
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467, United States
| | - Bradford D. Pendley
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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8
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Wen Y, Xu J. Scientific Importance of Water-Processable PEDOT-PSS and Preparation, Challenge and New Application in Sensors of Its Film Electrode: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang 330045 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
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He N, Papp S, Lindfors T, Höfler L, Latonen RM, Gyurcsányi RE. Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2598-2605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Soma Papp
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-BME “Lendület”
Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rose-Marie Latonen
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-BME “Lendület”
Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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10
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He N, Gyurcsányi RE, Lindfors T. Electropolymerized hydrophobic polyazulene as solid-contacts in potassium-selective electrodes. Analyst 2016; 141:2990-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02664d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electropolymerized hydrophobic polyazulene based solid-contact potassium-selective electrodes have been characterized in terms of their suitability for potassium measurements in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Åbo Akademi University
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
- FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Åbo Akademi University
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
- FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo
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11
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Kim YS, Ha Y, Sim J, Suh M, Lee Y. Location-dependent sensing of nitric oxide and calcium ions in living rat kidney using an amperometric/potentiometric dual microsensor. Analyst 2015; 141:297-304. [PMID: 26606650 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the fabrication of a dual microsensor for sensing nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ions (Ca(2+)) and its application for simultaneous NO/Ca(2+) measurements in living rat kidney tissue. NO and Ca(2+) have very important physiological functions and are both intricately involved in many biological processes. The dual NO/Ca(2+) sensor is prepared based on a dual recessed electrode possessing Pt (diameter, 25 μm) and Ag (diameter, 76 μm) microdisks. The Pt disk surface (WE1) is electrodeposited with porous Pt black and then coated with fluorinated xerogel; and used for amperometric sensing of NO. The Ag disk surface (WE2) is chloridated to AgCl, followed by silanization and then Ca(2+) selective membrane loading; and used for potentiometric sensing of Ca(2+). The dual sensor exhibits high sensitivity of WE1 to NO (40.8 ± 6.5 pA μM(-1), n = 10) and reliable Nerntian response of WE2 to Ca(2+) changes (25.7 ± 0.5 mV pCa(-1), n = 10) with excellent selectivity to only NO and Ca(2+) over common interferents and reliable stability (up to ∼4 h tissue experiment). The prepared sensor is employed for real-time monitoring of the dynamic changes of NO and Ca(2+) levels of a rat kidney, which is induced by the administration of 10 mM l-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor). Due to the small sensor dimension, location-dependent analyses of NO and Ca(2+) are carried out at two different regions of a kidney (renal medulla and cortex). Higher NO and Ca(2+) levels are observed at the medulla than at the cortex. This study verifies the feasibility for real-time monitoring of intimately connected Ca(2+) and endogenous NO production; and also for localized concentration assessments of both NO and Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Seul Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
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12
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Electrochemical microelectrodes for improved spatial and temporal characterization of aqueous environments around calcium phosphate cements. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:386-93. [PMID: 22019519 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate compounds can potentially influence cellular fate through ionic substitutions. However, to be able to turn such solution-mediated processes into successful directors of cellular response, a perfect understanding of the material-induced chemical reactions in situ is required. We therefore report on the application of home-made electrochemical microelectrodes, tested as pH and chloride sensors, for precise spatial and temporal characterization of different aqueous environments around calcium phosphate-based biomaterials prepared from α-tricalcium phosphate using clinically relevant liquid to powder ratios. The small size of the electrodes allowed for online measurements in traditionally inaccessible in vitro environments, such as the immediate material-liquid interface and the interior of curing bone cement. The kinetic data obtained has been compared to theoretical sorption models, confirming that the proposed setup can provide key information for improved understanding of the biochemical environment imposed by chemically reactive biomaterials.
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Szűcs J, Gyurcsányi RE. Towards Protein Assays on Paper Platforms with Potentiometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Veder JP, Patel K, Sohail M, Jiang SP, James M, De Marco R. An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy/Neutron Reflectometry Study of Water Uptake in the Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)/Polymethyl Methacrylate-Polydecyl Methacrylate Copolymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Rius-Ruiz FX, Bejarano-Nosas D, Blondeau P, Riu J, Rius FX. Disposable Planar Reference Electrode Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polyacrylate Membrane. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5783-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Xavier Rius-Ruiz
- Analytical and Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain 43007
| | - Diego Bejarano-Nosas
- Analytical and Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain 43007
| | - Pascal Blondeau
- Analytical and Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain 43007
| | - Jordi Riu
- Analytical and Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain 43007
| | - F. Xavier Rius
- Analytical and Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain 43007
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Sundfors F, Höfler L, Gyurcsányi RE, Lindfors T. Influence of Poly(3-octylthiophene) on the Water Transport Through Methacrylic-Acrylic Based Polymer Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Ferreira AAP, Ribeiro SJL, Fugivara CS, Caiut JMA, Sargentelli V, Benedetti AV. Eletrodo de pasta de carbono em minicavidade de contato sólido. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702011000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este trabalho descreve a preparação de eletrodo de pasta de carbono (EPC) em minicavidade de contato sólido e sua avaliação quando a pasta de carbono contém ou não partículas sub-micormétricas de SiO2(Eu3+ 2%) e SiO2(Eu3+ 2%)-lisina. Nestes estudos, medidas de voltametria cíclica e impedância eletroquímica foram realizadas em PBS (0,1 mol L-1 pH 7,4) contendo as espécies redox Fe(CN)6-3/-4. Os resultados de impedância foram interpretados baseados na reação de transferência de carga envolvendo as espécies Fe(CN)6-3/-4 e/ou oxigênio em frequências mais altas e, difusão das espécies eletroativas e características da pasta de carbono a baixas frequências. EPC-minicavidade é apropriado para eletroanálises usando pasta de carbono modificada.
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Veder JP, De Marco R, Clarke G, Jiang SP, Prince K, Pretsch E, Bakker E. Water uptake in the hydrophilic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) solid-contact of all-solid-state polymeric ion-selective electrodes. Analyst 2011; 136:3252-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lindfors T, Szücs J, Sundfors F, Gyurcsányi RE. Polyaniline Nanoparticle-Based Solid-Contact Silicone Rubber Ion-Selective Electrodes for Ultratrace Measurements. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9425-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102099p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lindfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Júlia Szücs
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Fredrik Sundfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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Veder JP, Patel K, Clarke G, Grygolowicz-Pawlak E, Silvester DS, De Marco R, Pretsch E, Bakker E. Synchrotron Radiation/Fourier Transform-Infrared Microspectroscopy Study of Undesirable Water Inclusions in Solid-Contact Polymeric Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6203-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101009n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Veder
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Graeme Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Grygolowicz-Pawlak
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Debbie S. Silvester
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland De Marco
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia, and Institute of Biogechemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Morf WE, Pretsch E, De Rooij NF. Theoretical Treatment and Numerical Simulation of Potential and Concentration Profiles in Extremely Thin Non-Electroneutral Membranes Used for Ion-Selective Electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010; 642:45-56. [PMID: 23255874 PMCID: PMC3523753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of extremely thin non-electroneutral membranes for ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is investigated. A theoretical treatment of potential and concentration profiles in space-charge membranes of << 1 μm thickness is presented. The theory is based on the Nernst-Planck equation for ion fluxes, which reduces to Boltzmann's formula at equilibrium, and on the Poisson relationship between space-charge density and electric field gradient. A general solution in integral form is obtained for the potential function and the corresponding ion profiles at equilibrium. A series of explicit sub-solutions is derived for particular cases. Membrane systems with up to three different ion species are discussed, including trapped ionic sites and co-extracted ions. Solid-contacted thin membranes (without formation of aqueous films at the inner interface) are shown to exhibit a sub-Nernstian response. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations using a simplified finite-difference procedure based on the Nernst-Planck-Poisson model, which are shown to be in excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Morf
- Institute of Microengineering (IMT), SAMLAB, Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL STI), CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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22
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Mallon CT, Zuliani C, Keyes TE, Forster RJ. Single nanocavity electrodes: fabrication, electrochemical and photonic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7109-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lindfors T, Sundfors F, Höfler L, Gyurcsányi R. FTIR-ATR Study of Water Uptake and Diffusion Through Ion-Selective Membranes Based on Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride). ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Preparation of all solid-state potentiometric ion sensors with polymer-CNT composites. Electrochem commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Csoka B, Mekhalif Z. Carbon paste-based ion-selective dual function microelectrodes for SECM measurements. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lindner E, Gyurcsányi RE. Quality control criteria for solid-contact, solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bodor S, Zook JM, Lindner E, Tóth K, Gyurcsányi RE. Chronopotentiometric method for the assessment of ionophore diffusion coefficients in solvent polymeric membranes. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Light sensitivity and potential stability of electrically conducting polymers commonly used in solid contact ion-selective electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Samsonova EN, Lutov VM, Mikhelson KN. Solid-contact ionophore-based electrode for determination of pH in acidic media. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bobacka
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Andrzej Lewenstam
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
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Abstract
Potentiometric sensors share unique characteristics that set them apart from other electrochemical sensors. Potentiometric nanoelectrodes have been reported and successfully used for many decades, and we review these developments. Current research chiefly focuses on nanoscale films at the outer or the inner side of the membrane, with outer layers for increasing biocompatibility, expanding the sensor response, or improving the limit of detection (LOD). Inner layers are mainly used for stabilizing the response and eliminating inner aqueous contacts or undesired nanoscale layers of water. We also discuss the ultimate detectability of ions with such sensors and the power of coupling the ultra-low LODs of ion-selective electrodes with nanoparticle labels to give attractive bioassays that can compete with state-of-the-art electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sun P, Mirkin MV. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with Slightly Recessed Nanotips. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5809-16. [PMID: 17583969 DOI: 10.1021/ac070771m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Slightly recessed nanoelectrodes were prepared by controlled etching of nanometer-sized, flat Pt electrodes. By using high-frequency (e.g., 2 MHz) ac voltage, the layer of Pt as thin as greater, approximately >3 nm was removed to produce a cylindrical cavity inside the insulating glass sheath. The etched electrodes were characterized by combination of voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to determine the radius and the effective depth of the recess. The theory was developed for current versus distance curves obtained with a recessed tip approaching either a conductive or an insulating substrate. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental approach curves indicated that recessed nanotips are suitable for quantitative feedback mode SECM experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
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Shim JH, Kim J, Cha GS, Nam H, White RJ, White HS, Brown RB. Glass Nanopore-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2007; 79:3568-74. [PMID: 17411008 DOI: 10.1021/ac061984z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glass nanopore-based all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been developed to probe the distribution of ionic species at micro- or submicrometer-length scales, e.g., mapping of ion flux through micrometer-sized pores. The all-solid-state ISE was fabricated by sealing a conically etched platinum wire (d = 25-microm; radius of etched tip <10 nm) into a soda lime glass capillary. A Pt disk was exposed by gentle polishing the glass and the disk etched to form a conical pore of submicrometer dimension (radius < approximately 500 nm; depth < approximately 30 microm). Ag was electroplated on the Pt electrode in the pore and gently chloridated to obtain a AgCl/Ag layer within the pore. The AgCl/Ag layer-coated ISE was used as a highly selective Cl- probe in scanning electrochemical microscope experiments to map the ion flux through a micropore. The same ISE was also used as the base transducer of the neutral carrier-doped solvent polymeric membrane. The optimized polymer membranes used for the glass nanopore-based all-solid-state ISE require a higher ratio of plasticizer/polymer (9/1) compared to those for conventional ISE (2/1). An ISE based on deposition of an IrO2 layer at the base of a glass nanopore electrode exhibited a highly sensitive response (79.7 +/- 2.3 mV/pH) to variations in pH and could be used for approximately 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Shim
- Chemical Sensor Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
For most chemists, potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) primarily means pH measurements with a glass electrode. Those interested in clinical analysis might know that ISEs, routinely used for the determination of blood electrolytes, have a market size comparable to that of glass electrodes. It is even less well known that potentiometry went through a silent revolution during the past decade. The lower detection limit and the discrimination of interfering ions (the selectivity coefficients) have been improved in many cases by factors up to 10(6) and 10(10), respectively, thus allowing their application in fields such as environmental trace analysis and potentiometric biosensing. The determination of complex formation constants for lipophilic hosts and ionic guests is also covered in this Minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Prof. Eric Bakker, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, E-mail:
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Prof. Ernö Pretsch, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, E-mail:
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