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Alatawi H, Hogan A, Albalawi I, O'Sullivan‐Carroll E, Alsefri S, Wang Y, Moore E. Rapid determination of NSAIDs by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in wastewater. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1944-1952. [PMID: 35946549 PMCID: PMC9804212 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid method using CE and microchip electrophoresis with C4 D has been developed for the separation of four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environmental sample. The investigated compounds were ibuprofen (IB), ketoprofen (KET), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and diclofenac sodium (DIC). In the present study, we applied for the first time microchip electrophoresis with C4 D detection to the separation and detection of ASA, IB, DIC, and KET in the wastewater matrix. Under optimum conditions, the four NSAIDs compounds could be well separated in less than 1 min in a BGE composed of 20 mM His/15 mM Tris, pH 8.6, 2 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and 10% methanol (v/v) at a separation voltage of 1000-1200 V. The proposed method showed excellent repeatability, good sensitivity (LODs ranging between 0.156 and 0.6 mg/L), low cost, high sample throughputs, portable instrumentation for mobile deployment, and extremely lower reagent and sample consumption. The developed method was applied to the analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 62.5% to 118%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alatawi
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Anna Hogan
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | | | - Samia Alsefri
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Eric Moore
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Tyndall National InstituteCorkIreland
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Troška P, Hradski J, Chropeňová L, Szucs R, Masár M. Potential of microchip electrophoresis in pharmaceutical analysis: Development of a universal method for frequently prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462453. [PMID: 34392125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel microchip electrophoresis method with conductivity detection for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in several pharmaceutical formulations was developed. The three frequently used NSAIDs - acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac and ibuprofen were baseline separated on a poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip with coupled separation channels. Elimination of matrix components such as excipients, was realized through online combination of isotachophoresis (ITP) with zone electrophoresis (ZE). ITP-ZE hyphenation can also facilitate preconcentration of target analytes. ITP was carried out in the first separation channel at pH 6.5, while the second channel of the microchip was used for ZE separation and detection of the analytes at pH 7.0. The developed ITP-ZE method was demonstrated to be applicable for direct and reliable determination of NSAIDs in eleven pharmaceutical formulations. The noticeable advantage of this approach is that only simple sample pretreatment (filtration and dilution) is necessary. The method performance parameters, such as linearity (20-250% of nominal concentration of studied NSAIDs in the test samples), accuracy (98-102%) and precision (less than 2% RSD) were obtained. This universal approach is suitable for the determination of frequently used NSAIDs in a single analysis in less than 15 min. In addition to simple sample pretreatment, low running costs and minimal environmental impact could make this method attractive for the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Troška
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jasna Hradski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Chropeňová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Szucs
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Keratin Scaffolds Containing Casomorphin Stimulate Macrophage Infiltration and Accelerate Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092554. [PMID: 33925737 PMCID: PMC8125279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major medical challenge, especially in diabetics. Over the centuries, the main goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been to invent biomaterials that accelerate the wound healing process. In this context, keratin-derived biomaterial is a promising candidate due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we evaluated an insoluble fraction of keratin containing casomorphin as a wound dressing in a full-thickness surgical skin wound model in mice (n = 20) with iatrogenically induced diabetes. Casomorphin, an opioid peptide with analgesic properties, was incorporated into keratin and shown to be slowly released from the dressing. An in vitro study showed that keratin-casomorphin dressing is biocompatible, non-toxic, and supports cell growth. In vivo experiments demonstrated that keratin-casomorphin dressing significantly (p < 0.05) accelerates the whole process of skin wound healing to the its final stage. Wounds covered with keratin-casomorphin dressing underwent reepithelization faster, ending up with a thicker epidermis than control wounds, as confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. This investigated dressing stimulated macrophages infiltration, which favors tissue remodeling and regeneration, unlike in the control wounds in which neutrophils predominated. Additionally, in dressed wounds, the number of microhemorrhages was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as compared with control wounds. The dressing was naturally incorporated into regenerating tissue during the wound healing process. Applied keratin dressing favored reconstruction of more regular skin structure and assured better cosmetic outcome in terms of scar formation and appearance. Our results have shown that insoluble keratin wound dressing containing casomorphin supports skin wound healing in diabetic mice.
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Izadi P, Izadi P, Salem R, Papry SA, Magdouli S, Pulicharla R, Brar SK. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the environment: Where were we and how far we have come? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115370. [PMID: 33254637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most well-known pharmaceuticals with a broad scope of properties that are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Because of their extensive utilization, NSAIDs are commonly identified in the environment as trace emerging contaminants. Regardless of vast experience with these drugs, NSAIDs are full of contradictions that trigger major concerns for environmental researchers. A limited understanding on NSAID's occurrence, distribution and eco-toxicological effects have led to an escalated dilemma in the last decade. Thus, a broad-spectrum study covering all aspects of occurrence, detection and removal is required to meet the fundamental levels of knowledge on the effects of NSAIDs in all exposed environmental aspects. Therefore, this paper focuses on classifying the sources and entry points of residual NSAIDs. Further, detecting and regulating their concentrations in both input streams and receiving environments, along with the removal processes of this specific class of emerging compounds, in the direction of developing a management policy is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Izadi
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Parin Izadi
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Rana Salem
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Sifat Azad Papry
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Sara Magdouli
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Rama Pulicharla
- École Supérieure D'aménagement Du Territoire et de Développement Régional, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Bureau 1616, 2325, Rue des Bibliothèques, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
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Reed PA, Cardoso RM, Muñoz RA, Garcia CD. Pyrolyzed cotton balls for protein removal: Analysis of pharmaceuticals in serum by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1110:90-97. [PMID: 32278404 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Prospects of pulsed amperometric detection in flow-based analytical systems - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:10-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Buyuktuncel E. Microchip Electrophoresis and Bioanalytical Applications. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180831100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microanalytical systems have aroused great interest because they can analyze extremely
small sample volumes, improve the rate and throughput of chemical and biochemical analysis in a way
that reduces costs. Microchip Electrophoresis (ME) represents an effective separation technique to perform
quick analytical separations of complex samples. It offers high resolution and significant peak
capacity. ME is used in many areas, including biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. It is established
the same working principles as Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). It is possible to perform electrophoresis
in a more direct and convenient way in a microchip. Since the electric field is the driving
force of the electrodes, there is no need for high pressure as in chromatography. The amount of the voltage
that is applied in some electrophoresis modes, e.g. Micelle Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC)
and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE), mainly determines separation efficiency. Therefore, it is
possible to apply a higher electric field along a considerably shorter separation channel, hence it is possible
to carry out ME much quicker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Buyuktuncel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being widely consumed without medical prescription and are often the cause of intoxication, usually in young children. For this, there is a special need in their determination in routine toxicology analysis. As screening methods mainly focus on drugs of abuse (DOA) that are alkaline compounds in their majority, they are not optimized for acidic drugs, such as NSAIDs. Thus, more specific methods are needed for the detection and quantification of this class of drugs. In this study, the efficient extraction of NSAIDs from blood serum and their accurate determination is studied. Optimum pH extraction conditions were studied and thereafter different derivatization procedures for their detection. From the derivatization reagents used, N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was found to be the optimum choice for the majority of the examined NSAIDs; pH of 3.7 was selected as the most efficient for the extraction step. Herein the formation of the lactam of diclofenac was also thoroughly investigated. The developed Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method had a run time of 15 min with the mass spectrometer operating in Electron Impact (EI) within the mass range of 40 to 500 amu. The method was linear with R2 above 0.991 and limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranging from 6 to 414 ng/mL. The intra-day accuracy and precision were found between 1.03%–9.79% and 88%–110%, respectively, and the inter-day accuracy and precision were between 1.87%–10.79% and 91%–113%. The optimum protocol was successfully applied to real clinical samples, where intoxication of NSAIDs was suspected.
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Electrochemical determination of aspirin and caffeine at MWCNTs-poly-4-vinylpyridine composite modified electrode. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tiribilli C, Sokolová R, Giannarelli S, Valášek M. On reduction of the drug diflunisal in non-aqueous media. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Recent developments in materials, surface modifications, separation schemes, detection systems and associated instrumentation have allowed significant advances in the performance of lab-on-a-chip devices. These devices, also referred to as micro total analysis systems (µTAS), offer great versatility, high throughput, short analysis time, low cost and, more importantly, performance that is comparable to standard bench-top instrumentation. To date, µTAS have demonstrated advantages in a significant number of fields including biochemical, pharmaceutical, military and environmental. Perhaps most importantly, µTAS represent excellent platforms to introduce students to microfabrication and nanotechnology, bridging chemistry with other fields, such as engineering and biology, enabling the integration of various skills and curricular concepts. Considering the advantages of the technology and the potential impact to society, our research program aims to address the need for simpler, more affordable, faster and portable devices to measure biologically active compounds. Specifically, the program is focused on the development and characterization of a series of novel strategies towards the realization of integrated microanalytical devices. One key aspect of our research projects is that the developed analytical strategies must be compatible with each other; therefore, enabling their use in integrated devices. The program combines spectroscopy, surface chemistry, capillary electrophoresis, electrochemical detection and nanomaterials. This article discusses some of the most recent results obtained in two main areas of emphasis: capillary electrophoresis, microchip-capillary electrophoresis, electrochemical detection and interaction of proteins with nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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Zheng M, Wu Y, Lu L, Ding K, Tang F, Lin Z, Wu X. Simultaneous analysis of acetaminophen, p
-aminophenol and aspirin metabolites by hydrophilic interaction and strong anion exchange capillary liquid chromatography coupled to amperometric detection. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2072-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cofan C, Radovan C. Anodic Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid at a Mildly Oxidized Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode in Sodium Sulphate Medium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/451830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used to detect and determine acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at a mildly oxidized boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode in a neutral sodium sulphate solution as supporting electrolyte. ASA determination in unbuffered medium was achieved using neutralized standard and real samples. Over the concentration range of 0.01 mM–0.1 mM, linear calibration plots of anodic current peaks in DPV and anodic currents in CA experiments versus concentration were obtained with very high correlation coefficients and good sensitivity values. The limits of detection were situated around 1 μM. The association of DPV and CA techniques with standard addition method represented a suitable option for the determination of ASA in real samples such as pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codruţa Cofan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Piata E. Murgu, no. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ciprian Radovan
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi Street, no. 16, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
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Beltagi AM. Utilization of a montmorillonite-Ca-modified carbon paste electrode for the stripping voltammetric determination of diflunisal in its pharmaceutical formulations and human blood. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-9924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Berg C, Valdez DC, Bergeron P, Mora MF, Garcia CD, Ayon A. Lab-on-a-robot: Integrated microchip CE, power supply, electrochemical detector, wireless unit, and mobile platform. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4914-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Murillo Pulgarín J, Alañón Molina A, Sánchez-Ferrer Robles I. Simultaneous determination of two anti-inflammatory drugs in serum using isopotential fluorimetry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 625:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mora MF, Felhofer J, Ayon A, Garcia CD. Surfactants as a Preferred Option to Improve Separation and Electrochemical Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701792927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Blanes L, Mora M, do Lago C, Ayon A, García C. Lab-on-a-Chip Biosensor for Glucose Based on a Packed Immobilized Enzyme Reactor. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ding Y, Mora MF, Merrill GN, Garcia CD. The effects of alkyl sulfates on the analysis of phenolic compounds by microchip capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection. Analyst 2007; 132:997-1004. [PMID: 17893803 DOI: 10.1039/b704364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different surfactants (sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate) on the analysis of phenolic compounds by microchip-CE with pulsed amperometric detection were investigated. Using sodium decyl sulfate as a model surfactant, the effects of concentration and pH were examined. Under the optimized conditions, the analysis of six phenolic compounds was performed and compared with control runs performed without surfactant. When these surfactants were present in the run buffer, decreases in the migration time and increases in the run-to-run reproducibility were observed. Systematic improvements in the electrochemical response for the phenolic compounds were also obtained. According to the results presented, surfactants enhance the analyte-electrode interaction and facilitate the electron transfer process. These results should allow a more rational selection of the surfactants based on their electrophoretic and electrochemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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