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Conzuelo F, Schulte A, Schuhmann W. Biological imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180409. [PMID: 30839832 PMCID: PMC6237495 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful and versatile technique for visualizing the local electrochemical activity of a surface as an ultramicroelectrode tip is moved towards or over a sample of interest using precise positioning systems. In comparison with other scanning probe techniques, SECM not only enables topographical surface mapping but also gathers chemical information with high spatial resolution. Considerable progress has been made in the analysis of biological samples, including living cells and immobilized biomacromolecules such as enzymes, antibodies and DNA fragments. Moreover, combinations of SECM with comple-mentary analytical tools broadened its applicability and facilitated multi-functional analysis with extended life science capabilities. The aim of this review is to present a brief topical overview on recent applications of biological SECM, with particular emphasis on important technical improvements of this surface imaging technique, recommended applications and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Albert Schulte
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Izquierdo J, Knittel P, Kranz C. Scanning electrochemical microscopy: an analytical perspective. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:307-324. [PMID: 29214533 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has evolved from an electrochemical specialist tool to a broadly used electroanalytical surface technique, which has experienced exciting developments for nanoscale electrochemical studies in recent years. Several companies now offer commercial instruments, and SECM has been used in a broad range of applications. SECM research is frequently interdisciplinary, bridging areas ranging from electrochemistry, nanotechnology, and materials science to biomedical research. Although SECM is considered a modern electroanalytical technique, it appears that less attention is paid to so-called analytical figures of merit, which are essential also in electroanalytical chemistry. Besides instrumental developments, this review focuses on aspects such as reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of SECM data. The review is intended to spark discussion within the community on this topic, but also to raise awareness of the challenges faced during the evaluation of quantitative SECM data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Tullastraße 72, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Chennit K, Trasobares J, Anne A, Cambril E, Chovin A, Clément N, Demaille C. Electrochemical Imaging of Dense Molecular Nanoarrays. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11061-11069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Chennit
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Trasobares
- Institute
of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS, University of Lille, Avenue Poincaré, BP60069, 59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Agnès Anne
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Edmond Cambril
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460, Marcoussis, France
| | - Arnaud Chovin
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Clément
- Institute
of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS, University of Lille, Avenue Poincaré, BP60069, 59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Demaille
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205
Cedex 13, Paris, France
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Observation of Dynamic Interfacial Layers in Li-Ion and Li-O2 Batteries by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Moradi N, Noori A, Mehrgardi MA, Mousavi MF. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Electrochemical Detection of Single-base Mismatches by Tagging Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid as a Redox Probe to DNA. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Holzinger A, Steinbach C, Kranz C. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM): Fundamentals and Applications in Life Sciences. ELECTROCHEMICAL STRATEGIES IN DETECTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622529-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has made significant contributions to the life sciences. Innovative developments focusing on high-resolution imaging, developing novel operation modes, and combining SECM with complementary optical or scanning probe techniques renders SECM an attractive analytical approach. This chapter gives an introduction to the essential instrumentation and operation principles of SECM for studying biologically-relevant systems. Particular emphasis is given to applications aimed at imaging the activity of biochemical constituents such as enzymes, antibodies, and DNA, which play a pivotal role in biomedical diagnostics. Furthermore, the unique advantages of SECM and combined techniques for studying live cells is highlighted by discussion of selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Holzinger
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Charlotte Steinbach
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
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Stratmann L, Clausmeyer J, Schuhmann W. Non-destructive Patterning of Carbon Electrodes by Using the Direct Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3477-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Stratmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Germany), Fax
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Germany), Fax
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Germany), Fax
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Danieli T, Mandler D. Local surface patterning by chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles using the direct mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). J Solid State Electrochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fan H, Wang X, Jiao F, Zhang F, Wang Q, He P, Fang Y. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of DNA Hybridization on DNA Microarrays Enhanced by HRP-Modified SiO2 Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6511-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4011155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Fang Jiao
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Pingang He
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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Stratmann L, Gebala M, Schuhmann W. A Chemical Lift-off Process: Removing Non-Specific Adsorption in an Electrochemical Epstein-Barr Virus Immunoassay. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2198-207. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Tefashe UM, Loewenstein T, Miura H, Schlettwein D, Wittstock G. Scanning electrochemical microscope studies of dye regeneration in indoline (D149)-sensitized ZnO photoelectrochemical cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Bioelectrocatalytic mediatorless dioxygen reduction at carbon ceramic electrodes modified with bilirubin oxidase. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Nogala W, Szot K, Burchardt M, Jönsson-Niedziolka M, Rogalski J, Wittstock G, Opallo M. Scanning electrochemical microscopy activity mapping of electrodes modified with laccase encapsulated in sol–gel processed matrix. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 79:101-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Rapino S, Valenti G, Marcu R, Giorgio M, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F. Microdrawing and highlighting a reactive surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Mureşan L, Nistor M, Gáspár S, Popescu IC, Csöregi E. Monitoring of glucose and glutamate using enzyme microstructures and scanning electrochemical microscopy. Bioelectrochemistry 2009; 76:81-6. [PMID: 19520620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Szot K, Nogala W, Niedziolka-Jönsson J, Jönsson-Niedziolka M, Marken F, Rogalski J, Kirchner CN, Wittstock G, Opallo M. Hydrophilic carbon nanoparticle-laccase thin film electrode for mediatorless dioxygen reduction. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Burchardt M, Träuble M, Wittstock G. Digital Simulation of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Approach Curves to Enzyme Films with Michaelis−Menten Kinetics. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4857-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Burchardt
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Markus Träuble
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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18
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Scanning electrochemical microscopy study of laccase within a sol–gel processed silicate film. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 72:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Kinetic studies of glucose oxidase in polyelectrolyte multilayer films by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 72:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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