Lee L, Ma H, Brooksby PA, Brown SA, Leroux YR, Hapiot P, Downard AJ. Covalently anchored carboxyphenyl monolayer via aryldiazonium ion grafting: a well-defined reactive tether layer for on-surface chemistry.
LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014;
30:7104-7111. [PMID:
24874712 DOI:
10.1021/la5013632]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrografting of aryl films to electrode surfaces from diazonium ion solutions is a widely used method for preparation of modified electrodes. In the absence of deliberate measures to limit film growth, the usual film structure is a loosely packed multilayer. For some applications, monolayer films are advantageous; our interest is in preparing well-defined monolayers of reactive tethers for further on-surface chemistry. Here, we describe the synthesis of an aryl diazonium salt with a protected carboxylic acid substituent. After electrografting to glassy carbon electrodes and subsequent deprotection, the layer is reacted with amine derivatives. Electrochemistry and atomic force microscopy are used to monitor the grafting, deprotection, and subsequent coupling steps. Attempts to follow the same procedures on gold surfaces suggest that the grafted layer is not stable in these reaction conditions.
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