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Joshi P, Shukla S, Gupta S, Riley PR, Narayan J, Narayan R. Excimer Laser Patterned Holey Graphene Oxide Films for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37149-37160. [PMID: 35930801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existence of point defects, holes, and corrugations (macroscopic defects) induces high catalytic potential in graphene and its derivatives. We report a systematic approach for microscopic and macroscopic defect density optimization in excimer laser-induced reduced graphene oxide by varying the laser energy density and pulse number to achieve a record detection limit of 7.15 nM for peroxide sensing. A quantitative estimation of point defect densities was obtained using Raman spectroscopy and confirmed with electrochemical sensing measurements. Laser annealing (LA) at 0.6 J cm-2 led to the formation of highly reduced graphene oxide (GO) by liquid-phase regrowth of molten carbon with the presence of dangling bonds, making it catalytically active. Hall-effect measurements yielded a mobility of ∼200 cm2 V-1 s-1. An additional increase in the number of pulses at 0.6 J cm-2 resulted in deoxygenation through the solid-state route, leading to the formation of holey graphene structure. The average hole size showed a hierarchical increase, with the number of pulses characterized with multiple microscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The exposure of edge sites due to high hole density after 10 pulses supported the formation of proximal diffusion layers, which led to facile mass transfer and improvement in the detection limit from 25.4 mM to 7.15 nM for peroxide sensing. However, LA at 1 J cm-2 with 1 pulse resulted in a high melt lifetime of molten carbon and the formation of GO characterized by a high resistivity of 3 × 10-2 Ω-cm, which was not ideal for sensing applications. The rapid thermal annealing technique using a batch furnace to generate holey graphene results in structure with uneven hole sizes. However, holey graphene formation using the LA technique is scalable with better control over hole size and density. This study will pave the path for cost-efficient and high-performance holey graphene sensors for advanced sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Parand R Riley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Jagdish Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Roger Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
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Roy A, Chen YP, Qiu JT, Maikap S. Sarcosine Prostate Cancer Biomarker Detection by Controlling Oxygen in NiO x Membrane on Vertical Silicon Nanowires in Electrolyte-Insulator-Nanowire Structure. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8064-8071. [PMID: 32401013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcosine prostate cancer biomarker with the low concentration of 1 pM has been detected by controlling oxygen from 1 to 15 sccm in a NiOx membrane on chemically etched vertical Si nanowires (SiNWs) in an electrolyte-insulator-nanowire (EIN) structure. The vertical Si nanowires with approximately 17 μm length and polycrystalline NiOx membrane are observed by both field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images, respectively. The optimized NiOx membrane with oxygen content of 4 sccm on planar SiOx/Si substrate shows good pH sensitivity of approximately 50 mV/pH, low hysteresis of 3.4 mV, and low drift rate of 2.4 mV/h as compared to other oxygen content membranes of 1, 10, and 15 sccm. Further, uric acid with the concentration of 0.1 μM is detected directly by using the optimized NiOx membrane. In addition, repeatable H2O2 sensing with the low concentration of 10 pM as well as prostate cancer biomarker is detected, which is owing to the reduction-oxidation phenomena of the NiOx membranes. The sensing mechanism is owing to the Ni2+/Ni3+ oxidation states of the NiOx membrane, which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optimized NiOx membrane on vertical Si nanowire in the EIN structure shows a good drift rate of 3.84 mV/h and sarcosine detection with improvement of approximately 1000 times as compared to the planar Si in an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure. This sensor paves a way to detect early-stage diagnosis of prostate cancer rapidly in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Roy
- Thin Film Nano Technology Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa First Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Road, Anle, Keelung, 204, Taiwan
| | - Jiantai Timothy Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing Street, Xinyi, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Siddheswar Maikap
- Thin Film Nano Technology Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa First Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Road, Anle, Keelung, 204, Taiwan.,Division of Gynecology-Oncology, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Cao W, Zhuang Q, Ni Y. Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Three-Dimensional Copper Hydroxide Nanosupercages and Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1428986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qianfen Zhuang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongnian Ni
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang R, Jiang C, Fan X, Yang R, Sun Y, Zhang C. A gold electrode modified with a nanoparticulate film composed of a conducting copolymer for ultrasensitive voltammetric sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:58. [PMID: 29594377 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A film consisting of poly(γ-glutamic acid) modified with 3-aminothiophene (ATh-γ-PGA) was prepared by macromolecular self-assembly and electropolymerization. ATh-γ-PGA is amphiphilic and electrically conductive. The copolymers undergo self-assembly to form nanoparticles (NPs) on decreasing the pH value of an aqueous solution. A conducting film of NPs was formed on the surface of a gold electrode by casting the ATh-γ-PGA NPs and subsequently electropolymerizing the thiophene units. Next, horseradish peroxidase and Nafion were cast onto the film to obtain an enzymatic biosensor for H2O2. Due to the electropolymerization step, a cross-conjugated polymer network is created that improves electron transfer rates and thus enhances the response. This endows the biosensor with high sensitivity. Two linear ranges are present, the first ranging from 1 × 10-11 to 1 × 10-8 mol·L-1, and the second from 1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-5 mol·L-1. The detection limit is as low as 3 × 10-12 mol·L-1. The sensor is stable, repeatable, and was successfully applied to the determination of H2O2 in a commercial disinfecting solution. Graphical abstract Preparation of a conducting nanoparticle (NP) film on the gold electrode (GE) by self-assembly of poly(γ-glutamic acid) that was modified with electroactive 3-aminothiophene (ATh-γ-PGA). It served as a platform for the fabricationof an ultrasensitive voltammetric enzyme-based biosensor for H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Can Jiang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Fan
- Xi'an North Huitian Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Xi'an, 710302, China
| | - Renchun Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Cuige Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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Mani V, Dinesh B, Chen SM, Saraswathi R. Direct electrochemistry of myoglobin at reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposite and biosensing towards hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 53:420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nanomolar detection of hydrogen peroxide at a nano-structured adducts of diorganotin dichlorides multiwall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Enhanced electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide at metallic electrodes modified with surfactant and salt. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen W, Cai S, Ren QQ, Wen W, Zhao YD. Recent advances in electrochemical sensing for hydrogen peroxide: a review. Analyst 2011; 137:49-58. [PMID: 22081036 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15738h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significance of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in biological systems and its practical applications, the development of efficient electrochemical H(2)O(2) sensors holds a special attraction for researchers. Various materials such as Prussian blue (PB), heme proteins, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and transition metals have been applied to the construction of H(2)O(2) sensors. In this article, the electrocatalytic H(2)O(2) determinations are mainly focused on because they can provide a superior sensing performance over non-electrocatalytic ones. The synergetic effect between nanotechnology and electrochemical H(2)O(2) determination is also highlighted in various aspects. In addition, some recent progress for in vivo H(2)O(2) measurements is also presented. Finally, the future prospects for more efficient H(2)O(2) sensing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
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Electrochemical Sensor Based on Oxidation of 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine to Monitor DNA Damage in Calf Thymus DNA. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gonzalez-Macia L, Smyth MR, Morrin A, Killard AJ. Enhanced electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide on silver paste electrodes modified with surfactant and salt. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hydrogen peroxide sensor based on Prussian blue electrodeposited on (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane polymer-modified gold electrode. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:215-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou H, Zhang Z, Yu P, Su L, Ohsaka T, Mao L. Noncovalent attachment of NAD+ cofactor onto carbon nanotubes for preparation of integrated dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6028-6032. [PMID: 20121055 DOI: 10.1021/la903799n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a facile approach to the preparation of integrated dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors through noncovalent attachment of an oxidized form of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) onto carbon nanotubes with the interaction between the adenine subunit in NAD(+) molecules and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric results suggest that NAD(+) is noncovalently attached onto MWCNTs to form an NAD(+)/MWCNT composite that acts as the electronic transducer for the integrated dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors. With glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as a model dehydrogenase-based recognition unit, electrochemical studies reveal that glucose is readily oxidized at the GDH/NAD(+)/MWCNT-modified electrode without addition of NAD(+) in the phosphate buffer. The potential for the oxidation of glucose at the GDH/NAD(+)/MWCNT-modified electrode remains very close to that for NADH oxidation at the MWCNT-modified electrode, but it is more negative than those for the oxidation of glucose at the MWCNT-modified electrode and for NADH oxidation at a bare glassy carbon electrode. These results demonstrate that NAD(+) molecules stably attached onto MWCNTs efficiently act as the cofactor for the dehydrogenases. MWCNTs employed here not only serve as the electronic transducer and the support to confine NAD(+) cofactor onto the electrode surface, but also act as the electrocatalyst for NADH oxidation in the dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors. At the GDH/NAD(+)/MWCNT-based glucose biosensor, the current is linear with the concentration of glucose being within a concentration range from 10 to 300 microM with a limit of detection down to 4.81 microM (S/N = 3). This study offers a facile and versatile approach to the development of integrated dehydrogenase-based electrochemical devices, such as electrochemical biosensors and biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Karyakin AA, Kuritsyna EA, Karyakina EE, Sukhanov VL. Diffusion controlled analytical performances of hydrogen peroxide sensors: Towards the sensor with the largest dynamic range. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen LC, Suzuki H, Mori K, Ariyada O, Hiraoka K. Mass Spectrometric Detection of Gaseous Hydrogen Peroxide in Ambient Air Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge as an Excitation Source. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Prakash PA, Yogeswaran U, Chen SM. A review on direct electrochemistry of catalase for electrochemical sensors. SENSORS 2009; 9:1821-44. [PMID: 22573989 PMCID: PMC3345822 DOI: 10.3390/s90301821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is a heme enzyme with a Fe(III/II) prosthetic group at its redox centre. CAT is present in almost all aerobic living organisms, where it catalyzes the disproportionation of H2O2 into oxygen and water without forming free radicals. In order to study this catalytic mechanism in detail, the direct electrochemistry of CAT has been investigated at various modified electrode surfaces with and without nanomaterials. The results show that CAT immobilized on nanomaterial modified electrodes shows excellent catalytic activity, high sensitivity and the lowest detection limit for H2O2 determination. In the presence of nanomaterials, the direct electron transfer between the heme group of the enzyme and the electrode surface improved significantly. Moreover, the immobilized CAT is highly biocompatible and remains extremely stable within the nanomaterial matrices. This review discusses about the versatile approaches carried out in CAT immobilization for direct electrochemistry and electrochemical sensor development aimed as efficient H2O2 determination. The benefits of immobilizing CAT in nanomaterial matrices have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periasamy Arun Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan (ROC); E-Mails: (P.A.P.); (U.Y.)
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