1
|
Skaanvik SA, Stephens LI, Gateman SM, Geissler M, Mauzeroll J. Quantitative Feedback Referencing for Improved Kinetic Fitting of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Measurements. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13852-13859. [PMID: 36166706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has matured as a technique for studying local electrochemical processes. The feedback mode is most commonly used for extracting quantitative kinetic information. However, approaching individual regions of interest, as is commonly done, does not take full advantage of the spatial resolution that SECM has to offer. Moreover, fitting of experimental approach curves remains highly subjective due to the manner of estimating the tip-to-substrate distance. We address these issues using negative or positive feedback currents as a reference to calculate the tip-to-substrate distance directly for quantitative kinetic fitting of approach curves and line profiles. The method was first evaluated by fitting simulated data and then tested experimentally by resolving negative feedback and intermediate kinetics behavior in a spatially controlled fashion using (i) a flat, binary substrate composed of Au and SiO2 segments and (ii) a dual-mediator system for live-cell measurements. The methodology developed herein, named quantitative feedback referencing (QFR), improves fitting accuracy, removes fitting subjectivity, and avoids substrate-microelectrode contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Irene Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Matthias Geissler
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uses of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) for the Characterization with Spatial and Chemical Resolution of Thin Surface Layers and Coating Systems Applied on Metals: A Review. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) is increasingly used in the study and characterization of thin surface films as well as organic and inorganic coatings applied on metals for the collection of spatially- and chemically-resolved information on the localized reactions related to material degradation processes. The movement of a microelectrode (ME) in close proximity to the interface under study allows the application of various experimental procedures that can be classified into amperometric and potentiometric operations depending on either sensing faradaic currents or concentration distributions resulting from the corrosion process. Quantitative analysis can be performed using the ME signal, thus revealing different sample properties and/or the influence of the environment and experimental variables that can be observed on different length scales. In this way, identification of the earlier stages for localized corrosion initiation, the adsorption and formation of inhibitor layers, monitoring of water and specific ions uptake by intact polymeric coatings applied on metals for corrosion protection as well as lixiviation, and detection of coating swelling—which constitutes the earlier stages of blistering—have been successfully achieved. Unfortunately, despite these successful applications of SECM for the characterization of surface layers and coating systems applied on metallic materials, we often find in the scientific literature insufficient or even inadequate description of experimental conditions related to the reliability and reproducibility of SECM data for validation. This review focuses specifically on these features as a continuation of a previous review describing the applications of SECM in this field.
Collapse
|
3
|
Filotás D, Izquierdo J, Fernández-Pérez BM, Nagy L, Nagy G, Souto RM. Contributions of Microelectrochemical Scanning Techniques for the Efficient Detection of Localized Corrosion Processes at the Cut Edges of Polymer-Coated Galvanized Steel. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072167. [PMID: 35408563 PMCID: PMC9000633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatially resolved information on corrosion reactions operating at the cut edges of coated metals can be obtained using microelectrochemical scanning techniques using a suitable selection of operation modes and scanning probes. The scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) provides current density maps with a spatial resolution of the order of the dimensions of the sample, which allows the temporal evolution of the corrosion reactions to be followed over time. This leads to the identification and localization of cathodic and anodic sites, although the technique lacks chemical specificity for the unequivocal identification of the reactive species. The application of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was previously limited to image cathodic reaction sites, either due to oxygen consumption in the amperometric operation or by the alkalinisation of the electrolyte in potentiometric operation. However, it is shown that anodic sites can be effectively monitored using an ion-selective microelectrode (ISME) as a probe. The ISME probes detected differences in the local concentrations of Zn2+ and OH− ions from the cut edges of a complete coil coating system compared to the same system after the polymeric layers were removed. In this way, it has been shown that the inhibitor loading in the polymer layers effectively contributes to reducing the corrosion rates at the cut edge, thus helping to extend the useful life of the sacrificial galvanized layer bonded directly to the steel matrix. Additionally, these two probe configurations can be integrated into a multi-electrode tip for potentiometric operation to simultaneously monitor localized changes in pH values and metal ion dissolution in a single scan. Spatial and temporal distributions were further investigated using different rastering procedures, and the potential of constructing pseudomaps for 2D-imaging is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Filotás
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.N.); (G.N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Javier Izquierdo
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; (J.I.); (B.M.F.-P.)
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Bibiana M. Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; (J.I.); (B.M.F.-P.)
| | - Lívia Nagy
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.N.); (G.N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Géza Nagy
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (L.N.); (G.N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ricardo M. Souto
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; (J.I.); (B.M.F.-P.)
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (R.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
da Silva RMP, Izquierdo J, Milagre MX, Betancor-Abreu AM, de Oliveira LA, Antunes RA, Souto RM, Costa I. On the local corrosion behavior of coupled welded zones of the 2098-T351 Al-Cu-Li alloy produced by Friction Stir Welding (FSW): An amperometric and potentiometric microelectrochemical investigation. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
da Silva RMP, Izquierdo J, Milagre MX, Betancor-Abreu AM, Costa I, Souto RM. Use of Amperometric and Potentiometric Probes in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for the Spatially-Resolved Monitoring of Severe Localized Corrosion Sites on Aluminum Alloy 2098-T351. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041132. [PMID: 33561949 PMCID: PMC7915144 DOI: 10.3390/s21041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric and potentiometric probes were employed for the detection and characterization of reactive sites on the 2098-T351 Al-alloy (AA2098-T351) using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Firstly, the probe of concept was performed on a model Mg-Al galvanic pair system using SECM in the amperometric and potentiometric operation modes, in order to address the responsiveness of the probes for the characterization of this galvanic pair system. Next, these sensing probes were employed to characterize the 2098-T351 alloy surface immersed in a saline aqueous solution at ambient temperature. The distribution of reactive sites and the local pH changes associated with severe localized corrosion (SLC) on the alloy surface were imaged and subsequently studied. Higher hydrogen evolution, lower oxygen depletion and acidification occurred at the SLC sites developed on the 2098-T351 Al-alloy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rejane M. P. da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN, CNEN—Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.X.M.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.P.d.S.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Javier Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
- Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Mariana X. Milagre
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN, CNEN—Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.X.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Abenchara M. Betancor-Abreu
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
| | - Isolda Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN, CNEN—Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.X.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Ricardo M. Souto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
- Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.P.d.S.); (R.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caldona EB, Smith DW, Wipf DO. Surface electroanalytical approaches to organic polymeric coatings. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene B Caldona
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - David O Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Claudio-Cintrón MA, Rodríguez-López J. Scanning electrochemical microscopy with conducting polymer probes: Validation and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1069:36-46. [PMID: 31084739 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) allows spatially and temporally resolved measurements of a broad range of reactive surfaces and specimens, typically using electrochemically active metal probes. While conducting polymers (CPs) present several analytical properties of interest due to their chemical versatility, potentially enabling the measurement of ionic fluxes as well as redox processes, they have not been widely used as probe materials for SECM. CPs can be modified and fine-tuned to improve experimental parameters and they can be easily prepared by electrodeposition. In this paper, we show a new type of CP probe for SECM that retains the spatial resolution of conventional metal probes and introduces the possibility to exploit a wide range of ionic and redox systems. Poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) was electrochemically deposited on flat and recessed Pt microdisks to generate CP SECM probes. To demonstrate their usefulness, an insulating substrate with conducting features was imaged. Well-defined SECM feedback images were observed for both the CP well-probe and the Pt probe, proving the efficiency of the new electrode to image redox reactions. Additionally, an organosulfur compound was used as mediator taking advantage of the electrocatalytic effect PEDOT has on the molecule's kinetics. Finally, these probes were also used in a mediator-less fashion, taking advantage of the ion flux required to electrochemically oxidize the PEDOT deposit. We investigated the impact of anion size and concentration on current-distance relationships for SECM probe positioning. CP probes pose exciting prospects for the imaging and measurement of combined redox and ionic processes in energy materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Claudio-Cintrón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
SECM study of the pH distribution over Cu samples treated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in NaCl solution. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
9
|
Bülter H, Denuault G, Mátéfi-Tempfli S, Mátéfi-Tempfli M, Dosche C, Wittstock G. Electrochemical analysis of nanostructured iron oxides using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Izquierdo J, Fernández-Pérez BM, Filotás D, Őri Z, Kiss A, Martín-Gómez RT, Nagy L, Nagy G, Souto RM. Imaging of Concentration Distributions and Hydrogen Evolution on Corroding Magnesium Exposed to Aqueous Environments Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology; Universidad de La Laguna; E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife Spain
| | - Bibiana M. Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Dániel Filotás
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Romen T. Martín-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Lívia Nagy
- János Szentágothai Research Center; University of Pécs; Ifjúság u.20. Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Géza Nagy
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Ricardo M. Souto
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology; Universidad de La Laguna; E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos CS, Lima AS, Battistel D, Daniele S, Bertotti M. Fabrication and Use of Dual-function Iridium Oxide Coated Gold SECM Tips. An Application to pH Monitoring above a Copper Electrode Surface during Nitrate Reduction. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Santos
- Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alex S. Lima
- Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dario Battistel
- Department of Environmental Science; Informatics and Statistics; University Cà Foscari Venice; Via Torino 155 30127 Venice Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes - CNR; University Ca' Foscari of Venice; Via Torino 155 30123 Venice Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems; University Cà Foscari Venice; Via Torino 155 30127 Venice Italy
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Izquierdo J, Eifert A, Kranz C, Souto RM. In Situ Monitoring of Pit Nucleation and Growth at an Iron Passive Oxide Layer by using Combined Atomic Force and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Department of Chemistry; University of La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Alexander Eifert
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ricardo M. Souto
- Department of Chemistry; University of La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marques A, Izquierdo J, Souto R, Simões A. SECM imaging of the cut edge corrosion of galvanized steel as a function of pH. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Abodi L, Gonzalez-Garcia Y, Dolgikh O, Dan C, Deconinck D, Mol J, Terryn H, Deconinck J. Simulated and measured response of oxygen SECM-measurements in presence of a corrosion process. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Izquierdo J, Nagy L, Bitter I, Souto RM, Nagy G. Potentiometric scanning electrochemical microscopy for the local characterization of the electrochemical behaviour of magnesium-based materials. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
16
|
Santana JJ, Pähler M, Schuhmann W, Souto RM. Investigation of Copper Corrosion Inhibition with Frequency-Dependent Alternating-Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Izquierdo J, Nagy L, Varga Á, Bitter I, Nagy G, Souto RM. Scanning electrochemical microscopy for the investigation of corrosion processes: Measurement of Zn2+ spatial distribution with ion selective microelectrodes. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Varga Á, Nagy L, Izquierdo J, Bitter I, Souto RM, Nagy G. Development of Solid Contact Micropipette Zn-Ion Selective Electrode for Corrosion Studies. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.582545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
19
|
Souto R, Santana J, Fernández-Mérida L, González S. Sensing electrochemical activity in polymer coated metals during the early stages of coating degradation–Effect of the polarization of the substrate. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Spatially resolved measurement of electrochemical activity and pH distributions in corrosion processes by scanning electrochemical microscopy using antimony microelectrode tips. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
21
|
Castro PS, Lima AS, Ferreira TL, Bertotti M. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Dental Erosion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/952470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When the tooth is exposed to acidic environments, an irreversible loss of dental hard tissue occurs in a process called dental erosion. In this work, the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to probe the consumption of protons at the vicinity of a tooth surface with a platinum microelectrode fixed at −0.5 (V) versus Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat). SECM approach curves were recorded to assess the extent of diffusion in the solution close to the tooth substrate. SECM images clearly demonstrated that the acid erosion process is very fast at solution pH values in the range between 3 and 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana S. Castro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex S. Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago L. Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uses of scanning electrochemical microscopy for the characterization of thin inhibitor films on reactive metals: The protection of copper surfaces by benzotriazole. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Pähler M, Santana JJ, Schuhmann W, Souto RM. Application of AC-SECM in Corrosion Science: Local Visualisation of Inhibitor Films on Active Metals for Corrosion Protection. Chemistry 2010; 17:905-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Souto R, Normand B, Takenouti H, Keddam M. Self-healing processes in coil-coated cladding studied by the scanning vibrating electrode. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|