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Zuliani I, Fattori A, Svigelj R, Dossi N, Grazioli C, Bontempelli G, Toniolo R. AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION OF ETHANOL VAPORS BY SCREEN PRINTED ELECTRODES MODIFIED BY PAPER CROWNS SOAKED WITH ROOM TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Toniolo R, Dossi N, Giannilivigni E, Fattori A, Svigelj R, Bontempelli G, Giacomino A, Daniele S. Modified Screen Printed Electrode Suitable for Electrochemical Measurements in Gas Phase. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3689-3696. [PMID: 32008321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a convenient assembly for screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) suitable for analyses in gaseous samples which are of course lacking in supporting electrolytes. It consists of a circular crown of filter paper, soaked in a RTIL or a DES, placed upon a disposable screen printed carbon cell, so as to contact the outer edge of the carbon disk working electrode, as well as peripheral counter and reference electrodes. The electrical contact between the paper crown soaked in RTIL or DES and SPCE electrodes is assured by a gasket, and all components are installed in a polylactic acid holder. As a result of this configuration, a sensitive, fast-responding, membrane-free gas sensor is achieved where the real working electrode surface is the boundary zone of the carbon working disk contacted by the paper crown soaked in the polyelectrolyte. This assembly provides a portable and disposable electrochemical platform, assembled by the easy immobilization onto a porous and inexpensive supporting material such as paper of RTILs or DESs which are characterized by profitable electrical conductivity and negligible vapor pressure. The electroanalytical performance of this device was evaluated by voltammetric and flow injection analyses of oxygen which was chosen as prototype of electroactive gaseous analytes. The results obtained pointed out that this assembly is very profitable for the analysis of gaseous atmospheres, especially when used as detector for FIA in gaseous streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giannilivigni
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Fattori
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University of Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, I-30137 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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Toniolo R, Dossi N, Bortolomeazzi R, Bonazza G, Daniele S. Volatile aldehydes sensing in headspace using a room temperature ionic liquid-modified electrochemical microprobe. Talanta 2019; 197:522-529. [PMID: 30771971 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic voltammetric behaviour of propionaldehyde (PA) and hexanaldehyde (HA), in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl) imide ([BMIM][NTF2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ([BMIM][HSO4]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide ([BMIM][OH]) was investigated at a platinum microelectrode. A clear oxidation process for both aldehydes was recorded only in [BMIM][OH]. On the basis of these evidences, an electrochemical microprobe (EMP), incorporating [BMIM][OH] as electrolyte, was assembled for sensing these aldehydes in gaseous phases. The EMP exposed in the headspace of the liquid aldehydes displayed voltammetric and amperometric responses, which depended on the aldehyde vapour pressures and, consequently, on the temperature employed. The usefulness of the [BMIM][OH] coated EMP for practical applications was assessed in the detection of HA vapour released from squalene (i.e., a lipid simulant matrix) samples spiked with known amounts of the aldehyde. Calibration plots were constructed at 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C, using both voltammetry and chronoamperometry. In both cases, good linearity between current and HA concentration in squalene was obtained over the range 3-300 ppm, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.991. Reproducibility, evaluated from at least three replicates, was within 5%. Detection limits, evaluated for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were in any case lower than 1.7 ppm. These analytical performances are suitable for monitoring VAs coming from lipid oxidation processes in food. An application concerning the determination of VAs in headspace of sunflower oil during an induced oxidative test to establish its thermal stability was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences,University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences,University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Renzo Bortolomeazzi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences,University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bonazza
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Cà Foscari Venice, via Torino, 155, I-30137 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Cà Foscari Venice, via Torino, 155, I-30137 Mestre-Venezia, Italy.
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Toniolo R, Pizzariello A, Dossi N, Lorenzon S, Abollino O, Bontempelli G. Room temperature ionic liquids as useful overlayers for estimating food quality from their odor analysis by quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7241-7. [PMID: 23808811 DOI: 10.1021/ac401151m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An array of quartz crystals coated with different room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is proposed for the analysis of flavors by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. Seven RTILs were adopted as sensing layers, all containing imidazolium or phosphonium cations, differing from one another in the length and branching of alkyl groups and neutralized by different anions. The array was at first applied to the analysis of 31 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, acids, amines, hydrocarbons and terpenes, chosen as representative components of a wide variety of food flavors. Multivariate data analysis by the principal component analysis (PCA) approach of the set of the corresponding responses led to separated clusters for these different chemical categories. To further prove the good performance of the RTIL-coated quartz crystal array as an "electronic nose", it was applied to the analysis of headspaces from cinnamon samples belonging to different botanical varieties ( Cinnamon zeylanicum and Cinnamon cassia ). PCA applied to responses recorded on different stocks of samples of both varieties showed that they could be fully discriminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Toniolo R, Dossi N, Pizzariello A, Doherty AP, Susmel S, Bontempelli G. An oxygen amperometric gas sensor based on its electrocatalytic reduction in room temperature ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Toniolo R, Dossi N, Pizzariello A, Doherty AP, Bontempelli G. A Membrane Free Amperometric Gas Sensor Based on Room Temperature Ionic Liquids for the Selective Monitoring of NOx. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Pizzariello A, Carrilho E, Piccin E, Battiston S, Bontempelli G. An electrochemical gas sensor based on paper supported room temperature ionic liquids. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:153-158. [PMID: 22076475 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and fast-responding membrane-free amperometric gas sensor is described, consisting of a small filter paper foil soaked with a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), upon which three electrodes are screen printed with carbon ink, using a suitable mask. It takes advantage of the high electrical conductivity and negligible vapour pressure of RTILs as well as their easy immobilization into a porous and inexpensive supporting material such as paper. Moreover, thanks to a careful control of the preparation procedure, a very close contact between the RTIL and electrode material can be achieved so as to allow gaseous analytes to undergo charge transfer just as soon as they reach the three-phase sites where the electrode material, paper supported RTIL and gas phase meet. Thus, the adverse effect on recorded currents of slow steps such as analyte diffusion and dissolution in a solvent is avoided. To evaluate the performance of this device, it was used as a wall-jet amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of 1-butanethiol vapours, adopted as the model gaseous analyte, present in headspace samples in equilibrium with aqueous solutions at controlled concentrations. With this purpose, the RTIL soaked paper electrochemical detector (RTIL-PED) was assembled by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as the wicking RTIL and printing the working electrode with carbon ink doped with cobalt(II) phthalocyanine, to profit from its ability to electrocatalyze thiol oxidation. The results obtained were quite satisfactory (detection limit: 0.5 μM; dynamic range: 2-200 μM, both referring to solution concentrations; correlation coefficient: 0.998; repeatability: ±7% RSD; long-term stability: 9%), thus suggesting the possible use of this device for manifold applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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