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Altun A, Yardim Y, Levent A. Investigation of the electrochemical properties of benzo[k]fluorenthene using a glassy carbon electrode and development of a square-wave voltammetric method for its quantification. J CHEM SCI 2023; 135:8. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12039-022-02128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
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2
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Investigation of the electrochemical properties of benzo[k]fluorenthene using a glassy carbon electrode and development of a square-wave voltammetric method for its quantification. J CHEM SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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3
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Shukla P, Saxena P, Madhwal D, Bhardwaj N, Jain VK. Prototyping of a highly sensitive and selective chemisresistive sensor based on pencil graphite for the rapid detection of NO 2 and NH 3. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05594h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available high quality 9B pencil graphite was used for sensing of trace concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) at sub-ppm levels in air at ambient temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shukla
- Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices)
- Amity University
- Noida-201303
- India
| | - Pooja Saxena
- G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management
- Greater Noida
- India
| | - Devinder Madhwal
- Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices)
- Amity University
- Noida-201303
- India
| | - Nitin Bhardwaj
- Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices)
- Amity University
- Noida-201303
- India
| | - V. K. Jain
- Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices)
- Amity University
- Noida-201303
- India
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4
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Simple and sensitive electrochemical determination of higenamine in dietary supplements using a disposable pencil graphite electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Makelane H, Waryo T, Feleni U, Iwuoha E. Dendritic copolymer electrode for second harmonic alternating current voltammetric signalling of pyrene in oil-polluted wastewater. Talanta 2019; 196:204-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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6
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Tekenya R, Pokpas K, Jahed N, Iwuoha EI. Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity for the Determination of Nickel(II) by Square-wave Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry at Disposable Graphene-modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1469139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Tekenya
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Republic of South Africa
| | - Keagan Pokpas
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nazeem Jahed
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Republic of South Africa
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Republic of South Africa
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David IG, Popa DE, Buleandra M. Pencil Graphite Electrodes: A Versatile Tool in Electroanalysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1905968. [PMID: 28255500 PMCID: PMC5307002 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1905968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their electrochemical and economical characteristics, pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) gained in recent years a large applicability to the analysis of various types of inorganic and organic compounds from very different matrices. The electrode material of this type of working electrodes is constituted by the well-known and easy commercially available graphite pencil leads. Thus, PGEs are cheap and user-friendly and can be employed as disposable electrodes avoiding the time-consuming step of solid electrodes surface cleaning between measurements. When compared to other working electrodes PGEs present lower background currents, higher sensitivity, good reproducibility, and an adjustable electroactive surface area, permitting the analysis of low concentrations and small sample volumes without any deposition/preconcentration step. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed overview of the PGEs characteristics, designs and applications of bare, and electrochemically pretreated and chemically modified PGEs along with the corresponding performance characteristics like linear range and detection limit. Techniques used for bare or modified PGEs surface characterization are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana-Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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Eady SC, MacInnes MM, Lehnert N. A Smorgasbord of Carbon: Electrochemical Analysis of Cobalt-Bis(benzenedithiolate) Complex Adsorption and Electrocatalytic Activity on Diverse Graphitic Supports. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23624-23634. [PMID: 27537431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous dihydrogen production manifolds comprised of bulk graphite, pencil graphite, graphite powder in Nafion films, graphene, and glassy carbon electrodes with adsorbed proton reduction catalyst TBA[Co(S2C6Cl2H2)2] have been prepared and tested for their efficiency to generate dihydrogen in acidic aqueous media. The catalyst adsorbed on these inexpensive graphitic surfaces consistently displays similar electrocatalytic profiles compared to the same catalyst on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) supports, including high activity in moderately acidic aqueous solutions (pH < 4), moderate overpotentials (0.42 V vs platinum), and some of the highest reported initial turnover frequencies under electrolysis conditions (96 s(-1)). The exceptions are glassy carbon and single-layer graphene surfaces, which only weakly adsorb the catalyst, with no sustained catalytic current upon acid addition. In particular, the improved stability and good activity observed for the catalyst adsorbed on graphite powder embedded in a Nafion film shows that this is a promising H2 production system that can be assembled at minimal cost and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C Eady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Molly M MacInnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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Kawde AN, Baig N, Sajid M. Graphite pencil electrodes as electrochemical sensors for environmental analysis: a review of features, developments, and applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17466c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite pencil electrodes (GPEs) are carbon-based electrodes that are recognized by their low cost, simplicity, commercial availability, ease of modification and disposability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Baig
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
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Jalalvand AR, Gholivand MB, Goicoechea HC, Skov T, Mansouri K. Mimicking enzymatic effects of cytochrome P450 by an efficient biosensor for in vitro detection of DNA damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:1004-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Electrochemical detection of benzo(a)pyrene in acetonitrile-water binary medium. Talanta 2015; 138:46-51. [PMID: 25863370 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of adsorbed benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was explored in acetonitrile-water. When the GCE was incubated in 100 nM BaP acetonitrile-water (V(water):V(acetonitrile)=1:1) for 10 min at open circuit, and then transferred into blank acetonitrile-water (V(water):V(acetonitrile)=1:1, pH= 0.70) for differential pulse voltammetry measurement, a distinct oxidation peak at 0.98 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was observed. The peak potential was about 180 mV lower than that in acetonitrile. Importantly, the peak current was more than 22 times greater. The effects of water on BaP preconcentration on the electrode and electrochemical oxidation were revealed, respectively. Based on the results, an electrochemical assay for BaP detection was developed. The GCE was respectively incubated in acetonitrile-water (V(water):V(acetonitrile)=1:1)with BaP concentration ranged from 0 nM to 1000 nM, and then transferred into the corresponding blank acetonitrile-water (pH= 0.70) for DPV measurements. When the BaP concentration was increased, an increased oxidative current at 0.98 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was observed, and a detection limit of 0.67 nM was achieved. Because all other priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons could not be electrochemically oxidized at 0.98 V, the electrochemical assay showed very high selectivity to BaP. Finally, the developed electrochemical assay was successfully applied to determination of BaP in a series of real world samples, such as drinking water, tap water, lake water and river water.
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Safardoust-Hojaghan H, Salavati-Niasari M, Motaghedifard MH, Hosseinpour-Mashkani SM. Synthesis of micro sphere-like bismuth nanoparticles by microwave assisted polyol method; designing a novel electrochemical nanosensor for ultra-trace measurement of Pb2+ ions. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bi nanostructures were synthesized in the presence of propylene glycol as the solvent and surfactant through microwave method.
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Mangiferin DNA biosensor using double-stranded DNA modified pencil graphite electrode based on guanine and adenine signals. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Ni Y, Wang P, Song H, Lin X, Kokot S. Electrochemical detection of benzo(a)pyrene and related DNA damage using DNA/hemin/nafion–graphene biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 821:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Banerjee S, Sarkar S, Lakshman K, Dutta J, Pal SK. UVA Radiation Induced Ultrafast Electron Transfer from a Food Carcinogen Benzo[a]pyrene to Organic Molecules, Biological Macromolecules, and Inorganic Nano Structures. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3726-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312536x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Banerjee
- UNANST, Department of Chemical,
Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector
III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Soumik Sarkar
- UNANST, Department of Chemical,
Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector
III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Karthik Lakshman
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 17, 123 Al-Khoudh,
Sultanate of Oman
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 17, 123 Al-Khoudh,
Sultanate of Oman
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- UNANST, Department of Chemical,
Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector
III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 098, India
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Yardım Y, Sentürk Z. Electrochemical evaluation and adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin on a disposable pencil graphite electrode. Talanta 2013; 112:11-9. [PMID: 23708530 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are the two most abundant capsaicinoids in peppers, which are responsible for about 90% of the spiciness. A detailed study of the electrochemical properties of these compounds at pencil graphite (PG) electrode was carried out in the pH range 1.0-12.0 in aqueous solutions. The compounds underwent irreversible oxidation at PG electrode, which was an adsorption-controlled process with two protons and two electrons. The voltammetric data indicated that their oxidation proceeded via an ECE mechanism. Using the square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry with accumulation at a fixed potential of -0.1V for 120s, both of them yielded a well-defined voltammetric response at +0.31V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in Britton-Robinson buffer, pH 9.0. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin could be determined with detection limits of 1.12 ng mL(-1) (3.7×10(-9)M) and 0.28 ng mL(-1) (9.1×10(-10)M), respectively. The practical applicability of this methodology was tested in commercial Turkish pepper products. The concentration of total capsaicinoids was determined using capsaicin as standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yardım
- Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 65080 Van, Turkey
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Electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH using a pencil graphite electrode modified with quercetin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 102:816-21. [PMID: 23107961 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the electrocatalytic oxidation of reduced β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was investigated using a pencil graphite electrode modified with quercetin (PGE/QH(2)). The PGE/QH(2) was prepared through two steps: (i) the pre-treatment of PGE at 1.40 V vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl((sat.)) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer containing 0.1 M KCl for 60s and (ii) adsorption of QH(2) on the PGE via immersion of PGE into a 1.0mM QH(2) solution (in ethanol) for 60s. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that the peak potential of NADH oxidation shifts from +500 mV at bare PGE to +300 mV at PGE/QH(2). The electrocatalytic currents obtained from amperometric measurements at +300 mV vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl((sat.)) and in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0 containing 0.1M KCl were linearly related to the concentration of NADH. Linear calibration plots are obtained in the concentration range from 0.5 μM to 100 μM. The limit of detection was found to be 0.15 μM.
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Yang P, Zheng Q, Xu H, Liu J, Jin L. A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Immunosensor for Determination of 1-Pyrenebutyric Acid Based on the Bifunctionality of Nafion/Gold Nanoparticles Composite Electrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dilgin Y, Kızılkaya B, Ertek B, Eren N, Dilgin DG. Amperometric determination of sulfide based on its electrocatalytic oxidation at a pencil graphite electrode modified with quercetin. Talanta 2012; 89:490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yardım Y, Levent A, Keskin E, Şentürk Z. Voltammetric behavior of benzo[a]pyrene at boron-doped diamond electrode: A study of its determination by adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry based on the enhancement effect of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate. Talanta 2011; 85:441-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang C, Lin M, Liu Y, Lei H. A dendritic nanosilica-functionalized electrochemical immunosensor with sensitive enhancement for the rapid screening of benzo[a]pyrene. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Levent A, Keskin E, Yardım Y, Şentürk Z. Electrooxidation of thiourea and its square-wave voltammetric determination using pencil graphite electrode. REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 30. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1515/revac.2011.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
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