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Wu S, Xu J, Gao H, An Q, Wang F, Li L. Electrochemical Visualization of an Ion-Selective Membrane Using a Carbon Nanoelectrode. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37428950 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and physical probes have been widely employed to investigate physicochemical properties and mechanisms of interfaces due to their ability to provide accurate measurements with temporal and spatial resolution. However, the direct measurement of electroactive species diffusion in ion-selective electrode (ISE) membranes and quantification of the water layer have been challenging due to the high impedance and optical opacity of polymer membranes. In the present work, carbon nanoelectrodes with ultrathin insulating encapsulation and good geometrical structure are reported as physical probes for direct electrochemical measurement of the water layer. The scanning electrochemical microscopy experiment exhibits positive feedback at the interface of the fresh ISE, and negative feedback after conditioning for 3 h. The thickness of the water layer was estimated to be ca. 13 nm. For the first time, we provide direct evidence that, during conditioning, the water molecules diffuse through the chloride ion selective membrane (Cl-ISM) until a water layer establishes at almost 3 h. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient and concentration of oxygen molecules in the Cl-ISM are also directly electrochemical measured by introducing ferrocene (Fc) as a redox molecule probe. The oxygen concentration in the Cl-ISM decreases during conditioning, suggesting the diffusion of oxygen from ISM to the water layer. The proposed method can be used for the electrochemical measurement of solid contact, providing theoretical guidance and advice for the performance optimization of ISEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qingbo An
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, PR China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchu 130022, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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2
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Konefał A, Piątek P, Paterczyk B, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Ionophore based optical sensors using hydrophilic polymer matrix – Ratiometric, pH independent ion-selective optodes. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Rousseau CR, Honig ML, Bühlmann P. Hydrogels Doped with Redox Buffers as Transducers for Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1143-1150. [PMID: 34932309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with an unintentional water layer between the sensing membrane and underlying electron conductor are well known to suffer from potential drift caused by the instability of the phase boundary potential between the sensing membrane and the water layer with its uncontrolled ionic composition. The reproducibility and long-term emf stability of ISEs with a miniaturized inner filling solution comprising a hydrogel and a hydrophilic electrolyte have not been studied as thoroughly. Here, such devices are discussed with a view to electrode-to-electrode reproducibility, using both hydrophilic ion-exchange and plasticized PVC membranes, along with a hydrophilic redox buffer composed of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide to control the potential between the hydrogel and the underlying electron conductor. With plasticized PVC sensing membranes, these electrodes showed an E0 reproducibility of ±1.1 mV or better, while with hydrophilic ion-exchange membranes, this variability was slightly larger. Long-term drifts were also assessed with both membranes, and the effect of osmotic pressure on drift was shown to be insignificant for the PVC membranes and very small at most for the hydrophilic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste R Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Madeline L Honig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Unintended Changes of Ion-Selective Membranes Composition-Origin and Effect on Analytical Performance. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100266. [PMID: 32998393 PMCID: PMC7601616 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ion-selective membranes, as used in potentiometric sensors, are mixtures of a few important constituents in a carefully balanced proportion. The changes of composition of the ion-selective membrane, both qualitative and quantitative, affect the analytical performance of sensors. Different constructions and materials applied to improve sensors result in specific conditions of membrane formation, in consequence, potentially can result in uncontrolled modification of the membrane composition. Clearly, these effects need to be considered, especially if preparation of miniaturized, potentially disposable internal-solution free sensors is considered. Furthermore, membrane composition changes can occur during the normal operation of sensors—accumulation of species as well as release need to be taken into account, regardless of the construction of sensors used. Issues related to spontaneous changes of membrane composition that can occur during sensor construction, pre-treatment and their operation, seem to be underestimated in the subject literature. The aim of this work is to summarize available data related to potentiometric sensors and highlight the effects that can potentially be important also for other sensors using ion-selective membranes, e.g., optodes or voltammetric sensors.
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Shao Y, Ying Y, Ping J. Recent advances in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: functional materials, transduction mechanisms, and development trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4405-4465. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the design and applications of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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6
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Baranowska-Korczyc A, Jaworska E, Strawski M, Paterczyk B, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. A potentiometric sensor based on modified electrospun PVDF nanofibers – towards 2D ion-selective membranes. Analyst 2020; 145:5594-5602. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Core–shell modified nanofiber mats were used as ion-selective membranes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Jaworska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Warsaw
- 02-096 Warsaw
- Poland
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7
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Stelmach E, Kłucińska K, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Rational design of nanoptodes architecture – Towards multifunctional sensors. Talanta 2019; 196:226-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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He N, Papp S, Lindfors T, Höfler L, Latonen RM, Gyurcsányi RE. Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2598-2605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Soma Papp
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-BME “Lendület”
Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rose-Marie Latonen
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process
Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-BME “Lendület”
Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Hu J, Stein A, Bühlmann P. Rational design of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes and reference electrodes. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Ivanova NM, Levin MB, Mikhelson KN. Problems and prospects of solid contact ion-selective electrodes with ionophore-based membranes. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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He N, Lindfors T. Determination of Water Uptake of Polymeric Ion-Selective Membranes with the Coulometric Karl Fischer and FT-IR-Attenuated Total Reflection Techniques. Anal Chem 2012; 85:1006-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3027838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
- The Graduate School of Chemical
Sensors and Microanalytical Systems, CHEMSEM, Finland
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
- Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Veder JP, Patel K, Sohail M, Jiang SP, James M, De Marco R. An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy/Neutron Reflectometry Study of Water Uptake in the Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)/Polymethyl Methacrylate-Polydecyl Methacrylate Copolymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Qian Q, Yu P, Cheng H, Wang X, Yang L, Mao L. Electrochemical Quantification of Hygroscopicity of Ionic Liquids with Solution-Dissolved Potassium Ferricyanide as the Redox Probe. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Lindfors T, Sundfors F, Höfler L, Gyurcsányi RE. The Water Uptake of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Solid-Contact Calcium-Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Sundfors F, Höfler L, Gyurcsányi RE, Lindfors T. Influence of Poly(3-octylthiophene) on the Water Transport Through Methacrylic-Acrylic Based Polymer Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rius-Ruiz FX, Kisiel A, Michalska A, Maksymiuk K, Riu J, Rius FX. Solid-state reference electrodes based on carbon nanotubes and polyacrylate membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:3613-22. [PMID: 21318254 PMCID: PMC3057007 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel potentiometric solid-state reference electrode containing single-walled carbon nanotubes as the transducer layer between a polyacrylate membrane and the conductor is reported here. Single-walled carbon nanotubes act as an efficient transducer of the constant potentiometric signal originating from the reference membrane containing the Ag/AgCl/Cl(-) ions system, and they are needed to obtain a stable reference potentiometric signal. Furthermore, we have taken advantage of the light insensitivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes to improve the analytical performance characteristics of previously reported solid-state reference electrodes. Four different polyacrylate polymers have been selected in order to identify the most efficient reservoir for the Ag/AgCl system. Finally, two different arrangements have been assessed: (1) a solid-state reference electrode using photo-polymerised n-butyl acrylate polymer and (2) a thermo-polymerised methyl methacrylate:n-butyl acrylate (1:10) polymer. The sensitivity to various salts, pH and light, as well as time of response and stability, has been tested: the best results were obtained using single-walled carbon nanotubes and photo-polymerised n-butyl acrylate polymer. Water transport plays an important role in the potentiometric performance of acrylate membranes, so a new screening test method has been developed to qualitatively assess the difference in water percolation between the polyacrylic membranes studied. The results presented here open the way for the true miniaturisation of potentiometric systems using the excellent properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Xavier Rius-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Kisiel
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzystof Maksymiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jordi Riu
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - F. Xavier Rius
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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