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Capillary and microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for analysis of foodstuffs and beverages. Food Chem 2021; 375:131858. [PMID: 34923397 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive survey of the use of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in combination with contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for the analysis of drinking water, beverages and foodstuffs. The introduction sets forth the fundamentals of conductivity detection anddescribes an axialC4Dversion. There is also a detailed discussion of the determination of inorganic ions, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, amines, carbohydrates, foreign substances and poisons from the standpoint of separation conditions, sample treatment and detection limits. Special attention is paid to the analysis of foodstuffs at microchips with emphasis on the employed material and connection of the microchip with the C4D. The review attempts to draw attention to modern trends, such as dual-opposite injection, field-enhanced sample injection, electromembrane extraction and on-line combination of microdialysis with CE. CE/C4D is characterised by high universality, high speed of analysis, simple sample preparation, small consumption of sample and other chemicals.
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2
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Microfluidic devices with gold thin film channels for chemical and biomedical applications: a review. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Moreira RC, Costa BMC, Marra MC, Santana MHP, Maldaner AO, Botelho ÉD, Paixão TRLC, Richter EM, Coltro WKT. Screening of seized cocaine samples using electrophoresis microchips with integrated contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2188-2194. [PMID: 29947145 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a new analytical method for the separation and detection of cocaine (COC) and its adulterants, or cutting agents, using microchip electrophoresis (ME) devices coupled with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4 D). All the experiments were carried out using a glass commercial ME device containing two pairs of integrated sensing electrodes. The running buffer composed of 20 mmol/L amino-2-(hydroxymethyl) propane-1,3-diol and 10 mmol/L 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid provided the best separation conditions for COC and its adulterants with baseline resolution (R > 1.6), separation efficiencies ranging from (2.9 ± 0.1) to (3.2 ± 0.2) × 105 plates/m, and estimated LOD values between 40 and 150 μmol/L. The quantification of COC was successfully performed in four samples seized by the Brazilian Federal Police Department and all predicted values agree with values estimated by the reference method. Some other interfering species were detected in the seized samples during the screening procedure on ME-C4 D devices. While lidocaine was detected in sample 3, the presence of levamisole was observed in samples 2 and 4. However, their concentrations were estimated to be below the LOQ. ME-C4 D devices have proved to be quite efficient for the identification and quantification of COC with errors lower than 10% when compared to the data obtained by a reference method. The approach herein reported offers great potential to be used for on-site COC screening in seized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda M C Costa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Marra
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mario H P Santana
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, Polícia Federal Brasileira, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adriano O Maldaner
- Unidade Técnico-Científica, Superintendência Regional da Polícia Federal em MG, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Élvio D Botelho
- Unidade Técnico-Científica, Superintendência Regional da Polícia Federal em MG, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Gubartallah EA, Makahleh A, Quirino JP, Saad B. Determination of Biogenic Amines in Seawater Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051112. [PMID: 29738463 PMCID: PMC6100306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and green analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D) for the determination of eight environmental pollutants, the biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, tyramine, 2-phenylamine, histamine and tryptamine), is described. The separation was achieved under normal polarity mode at 24 °C and 25 kV with a hydrodynamic injection (50 mbar for 5 s) and using a bare fused-silica capillary (95 cm length × 50 µm i.d.) (detection length of 10.5 cm from the outlet end of the capillary). The optimized background electrolyte consisted of 400 mM malic acid. C⁴D parameters were set at a fixed amplitude (50 V) and frequency (600 kHz). Under the optimum conditions, the method exhibited good linearity over the range of 1.0⁻100 µg mL−1 (R² ≥ 0.981). The limits of detection based on signal to noise (S/N) ratios of 3 and 10 were ≤0.029 µg mL−1. The method was used for the determination of seawater samples that were spiked with biogenic amines. Good recoveries (77⁻93%) were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elbaleeq A Gubartallah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan.
| | - Ahmad Makahleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia.
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department and Institute for Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
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Elbashir AA, Schmitz OJ, Aboul-Enein HY. Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4
D): An update. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A. Elbashir
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department; University of Khartoum; Khartoum Sudan
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Oliver J. Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
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Koenka IJ, Küng N, Kubáň P, Chwalek T, Furrer G, Wehrli B, Müller B, Hauser PC. Thermostatted dual-channel portable capillary electrophoresis instrument. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2368-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Küng
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Chwalek
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Furrer
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrli
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Beat Müller
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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7
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NMR-detection of methylamine compounds in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) subjected to E-beam irradiation. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Ferey L, Delaunay N. Food Analysis on Electrophoretic Microchips. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2015.1014049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Witek M, Koppang MD, Swain GM. Aliphatic Polyamine Oxidation Reaction Mechanism at Boron-doped Microcrystalline and Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Li C, Jiang X, Hou X. Dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometer as gas chromatographic detector for amines. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Amperometric Sniffer for Volatile Amines Based on Paper-Supported Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Enabling Rapid Assessment of Fish Spoilage. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Simultaneous Determination of Eight Typical Biogenic Amines by CZE with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Masár M, Kruk P, Luc M, Bodor R, Danč L, Troška P. CZE study on adsorption processes of aliphatic and aromatic amines on PMMA chip. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:432-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kruk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Milan Luc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Róbert Bodor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Danč
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Peter Troška
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
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Lima RS, Piazzetta MHO, Gobbi AL, Segato TP, Cabral MF, Machado SAS, Carrilho E. Highly sensitive contactless conductivity microchips based on concentric electrodes for flow analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11382-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45797d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques: Developments from 2010 to 2012. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:55-69. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
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Single-drop microextraction as a powerful pretreatment tool for capillary electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 739:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Mark JJP, Scholz R, Matysik FM. Electrochemical methods in conjunction with capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:45-64. [PMID: 22824222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electromigrative techniques such as capillary and microchip electrophoresis (CE and MCE) are inherently associated with various electrochemical phenomena. The electrolytic processes occurring in the buffer reservoirs have to be considered for a proper design of miniaturized electrophoretic systems and a suitable selection of buffer composition. In addition, the control of the electroosmotic flow plays a crucial role for the optimization of CE/MCE separations. Electroanalytical methods have significant importance in the field of detection in conjunction with CE/MCE. At present, amperometric detection and contactless conductivity detection are the predominating electrochemical detection methods for CE/MCE. This paper reviews the most recent trends in the field of electrochemical detection coupled to CE/MCE. The emphasis is on methodical developments and new applications that have been published over the past five years. A rather new way for the implementation of electrochemical methods into CE systems is the concept of electrochemically assisted injection which involves the electrochemical conversions of analytes during the injection step. This approach is particularly attractive in hyphenation to mass spectrometry (MS) as it widens the range of CE-MS applications. An overview of recent developments of electrochemically assisted injection coupled to CE is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J P Mark
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Romero-González R, Alarcón-Flores MI, Martínez Vidal JL, Garrido Frenich A. Simultaneous determination of four biogenic and three volatile amines in anchovy by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5324-5329. [PMID: 22559197 DOI: 10.1021/jf300853p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four biogenic (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine) and three volatile amines (trimethylamine, triethylamine, and tripropylamine) in anchovy. Separation and determination of the selected compounds were carried out by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), using an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation was carried out using an aqueous solution of formic acid (0.1%) and methanol as mobile phase in gradient mode. The method was validated, and mean recoveries were evaluated at three concentration levels (75, 150, and 250 μg/kg), ranging from 70 to 110% at the three levels assayed. Intra- and interday precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), were lower than 15% and 20%, respectively. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 25 μg/kg for all cases, except for that of TMA, which was set at 60 μg/kg. The developed procedure was applied to determine the target compounds in anchovy samples stored during 7 days at 4 °C, observing the increasing in the concentration of these compounds at longer storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero-González
- Group Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Almeria University, E-04120 Almeria, Spain
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