Electrochemical Characterisation of Polypyrrole Doped with p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene

Transition Metal-Substituted Krebs-Type Polyoxometalate-Doped PEDOT Films

The transition metal-substituted Krebs-type polyoxometalates (POMs) [Sb₂W₂₀M₂O₇₀(H₂O)₆]^n-, M = Fe(III), Co(II), or Cu(II), were surface immobilized within the conducting polymer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) on glassy carbon electrode surfaces. The immobilized films of different thicknesses were characterized by electrochemical and surface-based techniques. The inherent redox activity for the Krebs-type POMs, [Sb₂W₂₀M₂O₇₀(H₂O)₆]^n-, M = Fe(III), Co(II), or Cu(II), that were observed in the solution phase were maintained in the polymeric PEDOT matrix. The resulting films were found to be extremely stable toward redox switching between the various POM-based redox states. The films exhibited pH-dependent redox activity and thin layer behavior up to 100 mV s^-1. The films were found to be highly conductive through the employment of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Surface characterization of the films was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy graph.

Rapid synthesis of graphene quantum dots using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis approach

A rapid and environmentally benign synthesis of green fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQD) with low cytotoxicity via Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis (CHFS) aided by calix[4]arene tetrasulfonic acid (SCX4) as a particle size limiting agent.

Enhanced electrochromic properties of a polypyrrole–indigo carmine–gold nanoparticles nanocomposite

Enhanced electrochromic properties of a PPy–IC–Au_nanop nanocomposite obtained by the one-step growth of gold nanoparticles and electropolymerization of indigo carmine doped polypyrrole.