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Application of Multiharmonic QCM-D for Detection of Plasmin at Hydrophobic Surfaces Modified by β-Casein. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasmin protease plays an important role in many processes in living systems, including milk. Monitoring plasmin activity is important for control of the nutritional quality of milk and other dairy products. We designed a biosensor to detect the proteolytic activity of plasmin, using multiharmonic quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The β-casein immobilized on the hydrophobic surface of 1-dodecanethiol on the AT-cut quartz crystal was used to monitor plasmin activity. We demonstrated detection of plasmin in a concentration range of 0.1–20 nM, with the limit of detection about 0.13 ± 0.01 nM. The analysis of viscoelastic properties of the β-casein layer showed rapid changes of shear elasticity modulus, μ, and coefficient of viscosity, η, at plasmin sub-nanomolar concentrations, followed by modest changes at nanomolar concentrations, indicating multilayer architecture β-casein. A comparative analysis of viscoelastic properties of β-casein layers following plasmin and trypsin cleavage showed that the higher effect of trypsin was due to larger potential cleavage sites of β-casein.
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Yazgan NN, Bulat T, Topcu A, Dudak FC, Boyaci IH, Tamer U. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based detection of plasmin activity by specific peptide substrate. Food Chem 2022; 372:131235. [PMID: 34624781 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based method has been developed for the detection of plasmin activity. Firstly, different peptide sequences, which are specific to plasmin, were examined. Then, SERS substrates were prepared by chosen peptide substrate. Enzyme activity was determined by pursuing the reduction of DTNB band at 1331 cm-1 with Raman spectroscopy. The reduction in SERS intensity was related to the plasmin activity, and changes in SERS intensity vs. plasmin concentration graph was obtained. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were calculated as 2.14 U/mL and 6.42 U/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day repeatability results were determined as 1.45% and 1.47% relative standard deviation (RSD). Also, recovery of the method was determined for the plasmin spiked milk samples. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could be successfully used to detect the plasmin activity in milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazife Nur Yazgan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bulat
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Topcu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fahriye Ceyda Dudak
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Boyaci
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Tamer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Tatarko M, Ivanov IN, Hianik T. New Insights on Plasmin Long Term Stability and the Mechanism of Its Activity Inhibition Analyzed by Quartz Crystal Microbalance. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010055. [PMID: 35056220 PMCID: PMC8777901 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We used the research quartz crystal microbalance (RQCM) to monitor regulatory effects of plasmin and trypsin in the presence of their inhibitor α2-antiplasmin. The gold surface of quartz crystals was modified with a β-casein layer that served as a substrate for protease digestion. The addition of plasmin or trypsin as well as their mixtures with α2-antiplasmin resulted in an increase of resonant frequency, f, and in a decrease of motional resistance, Rm, depending on the molar ratio of protease: antiplasmin. At equimolar concentrations of protease and α2-antiplasmin (5 nM:5 nM) full inhibition of protease activity took place. Monitoring of plasmin activity on an hourly and daily basis revealed a prominent effect of autolysis and decrease of plasmin activity in freshly activated samples. The degree of inhibition as well as plasmin half-life (t1/2 = 2.48 ± 0.28 days) connected with its degradation was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Tatarko
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ilia N. Ivanov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6496, USA;
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
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Ropero-Vega JL, Redondo-Ortega JF, Galvis-Curubo YJ, Rondón-Villarreal P, Flórez-Castillo JM. A Bioinspired Peptide in TIR Protein as Recognition Molecule on Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in an Aqueous Matrix. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092559. [PMID: 33924762 PMCID: PMC8124904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the detection of pathogens such as Escherichia coli through instrumental alternatives with fast response and excellent sensitivity and selectivity are being studied. Biosensors are systems consisting of nanomaterials and biomolecules that exhibit remarkable properties such as simplicity, portable, affordable, user‑friendly, and deliverable to end‑users. For this, in this work we report for the first time, to our knowledge, the bioinformatic design of a new peptide based on TIR protein, a receptor of Intimin membrane protein which is characteristic of E. coli. This peptide (named PEPTIR‑1.0) was used as recognition element in a biosensor based on AuNPs‑modified screen‑printed electrodes for the detection of E. coli. The morphological and electrochemical characteristics of the biosensor obtained were studied. Results show that the biosensor can detect the bacteria with limits of detection and quantification of 2 and 6 CFU/mL, respectively. Moreover, the selectivity of the system is statistically significant towards the detection of the pathogen in the presence of other microorganisms such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. This makes this new PEPTIR‑1.0 based biosensor can be used in the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of E. coli in aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Ropero-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Para la Sostenibilidad—CIBAS, Universidad de Santander, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga C.P. 680003, Santander, Colombia; (Y.J.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.R.-V.); (J.F.R.-O.); Tel.: +57-7-6516500 (ext. 1665) (J.L.R.-V.)
| | - Joshua Felipe Redondo-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Para la Sostenibilidad—CIBAS, Universidad de Santander, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga C.P. 680003, Santander, Colombia; (Y.J.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.R.-V.); (J.F.R.-O.); Tel.: +57-7-6516500 (ext. 1665) (J.L.R.-V.)
| | - Yuli Juliana Galvis-Curubo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Para la Sostenibilidad—CIBAS, Universidad de Santander, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga C.P. 680003, Santander, Colombia; (Y.J.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-C.)
| | - Paola Rondón-Villarreal
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad de Santander, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga C.P. 680003, Santander, Colombia;
| | - Johanna Marcela Flórez-Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Para la Sostenibilidad—CIBAS, Universidad de Santander, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga C.P. 680003, Santander, Colombia; (Y.J.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-C.)
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Dizon M, Tatarko M, Szabo K, Hianik T. Application of high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for detection of the plasmin activity toward β-casein. Food Chem 2021; 353:129373. [PMID: 33730667 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy (HR-US) was applied for precise detection of plasmin activity towards β-casein in buffer at pH 7.8 and 37 °C. The evolution of ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation measured at 15.5 MHz is related to the concentration of peptide bonds hydrolyzed and loss of β-casein aggregates, respectively. The ultrasonic assay presents sensitive and direct activity-based quantification of plasmin levels in milk. The variation in plasmin concentration between HR-US and ELISA method owed to the differing detection principles. The real-time ultrasonic profiles of hydrolysis were utilized to describe the kinetic aspect of plasmin activity. The non-linear activity curve was fitted with classic and inverse Michaelis-Menten type models. Within 1-8.6 mg·mL-1 β-casein, the Vmax and KM obtained were (6.30 ± 2.21) × 10-5 mol.kg-1·min-1 and 10.33 ± 3.50 mg·mL-1, respectively. The maximum peptide bond cleaved was 5-6 (2.7% degree of hydrolysis) achieved at 1 mg·mL-1 β-casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dizon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marek Tatarko
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Hungarian Dairy Research Institute, Lucsony utca 24, 9200 Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Románszki L, Hianik T, Keresztes Z. Plasmin determination based on enzymatic digestion of a β-casein layer at the air/water interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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El Harrad L, Amine A. Chronoamperometric Biosensor for Protease Activity Assay and Inhibitor Screening. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Harrad
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Faculty of Science and Techniques; Hassan II University of Casablanca; B.P.146 Mohammedia Morocco
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Faculty of Science and Techniques; Hassan II University of Casablanca; B.P.146 Mohammedia Morocco
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Chinnappan R, Al Attas S, Kaman WE, Bikker FJ, Zourob M. Development of magnetic nanoparticle based calorimetric assay for the detection of bovine mastitis in cow milk. Anal Biochem 2017; 523:58-64. [PMID: 28219684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cattle is an inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue. Mastitis increases plasmin levels, leading to an increased proteolysis of milk proteins such as casein, resulting in a significant decrease in milk quality and related dairy products. Due to its key-role in mastitis, we used plasmin proteolytic activity as a biomarker for the detection of mastitis in bovine mastitic milk. Inspired by earlier studies on protease activity using mastitic milk samples, we developed a simple colorimetric assay to distinguish mastitic milk from milk derived from healthy animals. The plasmin substrate coupled to magnetic nanoparticles form a black self-assembled monolayer on a gold sensor surface. In the presence of increased levels of plasmin, the substrate is cleaved and the peptide fragment attached to the magnetic beads, will be attracted by the magnet which is present under the sensor strips revealing the golden surface. We found the area of the golden color surface proportional to plasmin activity. The sensitivity of this method was determined to be 1 ng/ml of plasmin in vitro. Next, we tested the biosensor using mastitis positive milk of which infection is confirmed by bacterial cultures. This newly developed colorimetric biosensor has high potential in applications for the diagnosis of mastitis with potential spin offs to health, food and environmental sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chinnappan
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Al Attas
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King abdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia.
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