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Rajendran J, Sundramoorthy AK, Ganapathy D, Atchudan R, Habila MA, Nallaswamy D. 2D MXene/graphene nanocomposite preparation and its electrochemical performance towards the identification of nicotine level in human saliva. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129705. [PMID: 35963090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of neurological drugs is critical since the kinetics of body fluids is strongly dependent on the dosage of the drug levels. Thus, the study of neurological medicines is significant because of the major diseases connected to it, for instance, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Herein, a 2D hybrid MXene/graphene (MX/Gr) film was synthesized through a top-down approach and utilized to prepare an electrochemical transducer for the electrochemical sensing of nicotine. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful incorporation of MX with Gr sheets. The high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to confirm the formation of MX, graphene sheets and the MX/Gr hybrid film. Furthermore, the MX/Gr hybrid film composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared to selectively detect the nicotine in phosphate buffer medium (0.1 M PBS, pH~7.4). Under the optimized condition, the MX/Gr/GCE based sensor provided a linear response against nicotine from 1 to 55 µM and 30 nM - 600 nM with the lowest limit of detections (LOD) of 290 nM and 0.28 nM by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry, respectively. This newly developed MX/Gr hybrid film modified electrode displayed a remarkable selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility for accurate detection of nicotine. Finally, this new sensor was applied to detect nicotine in human/artificial saliva samples with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Rajendran
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, 4418 Engineering Hall, The University of California, Irvine, USA; Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rajendran J, Kannan TS, Dhanasekaran LS, Murugan P, Atchudan R, ALOthman ZA, Ouladsmane M, Sundramoorthy AK. Preparation of 2D Graphene/MXene nanocomposite for the electrochemical determination of hazardous bisphenol A in plastic products. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132106. [PMID: 34507149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the major contaminants with significant health hazards, which could also affect the endocrine system or induce cancer. It is essential to develop a highly sensitive and selective BPA sensor for environmental and food safety. Herein, 2D hybrid graphene/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite (Gr/MXene) was prepared via a top-down method and then used to fabricate an electrochemical BPA sensor. The X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analysis were carried out to verify the successful formation of Gr sheets with MXene. The high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) was revealed the formation of MXene, and Gr/MXene nanocomposite. Furthermore, the 2D hybrid Gr/MXene nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for BPA oxidation in 100 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Under the optimized condition, the Gr/MXene/GCE was displayed a linear range of detection from 10 to 180 nM and 1 to 10 μM BPA with the detection limits of 4.08 nM and 0.35 μM by amperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), respectively. Moreover, the proposed Gr/MXene modified electrode exhibited excellent stability, selectivity, repeatability and reproducibility towards the BPA detection. As a proof of concept, Gr/MXene modified sensor was effectively used to detect BPA in modern plastic products with the recovery ranging from 99.2 to 104.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamil S Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lokhendra S Dhanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethika Murugan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ouladsmane
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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High sensitive determination of dopamine through catalytic oxidation and preconcentration over gold-multiwall carbon nanotubes composite modified electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Electrochemical biosensor for methyl parathion based on single-walled carbon nanotube/glutaraldehyde crosslinked acetylcholinesterase-wrapped bovine serum albumin nanocomposites. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1074:131-141. [PMID: 31159933 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) have been demonstrated as an excellent material for transistors, miniaturized devices and sensors due to their high carrier mobility, stability, scattering-free ballistic transport of carriers etc. Herein, we have designed a biosensor to selectively detect methyl parathion (MP, organophosphorus pesticide) using glutaraldehyde (Glu) cross-linked with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized on s-SWCNTs wrapped with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The fabricated biosensor was characterized and confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). In the presence of MP, the effective interaction between AChE and MP favours the accumulation of MP-AChE complex on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface which reduces the electron transfer property. Based on this interaction, detection of various concentration of MP was demonstrated by SWV using BSA/AChE-Glu-s-SWCNTs composite modified electrode. The proposed biosensor exhibited a wide linear range (WLR) for MP target in 100 mM phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) (pH 7.4) from 1 × 10-10 M to 5 × 10-6 M with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.75 × 10-11 M. In addition, the BSA/AChE-Glu-s-SWCNTs/GCE biosensor showed good repeatability and reproducibility for MP detection. Moreover, the proposed biosensor showed better electrode stability when stored at 4 °C. This new electrochemical biosensor is also exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for MP, which made it possible to test MP in real strawberry and apple juices. Furthermore, the BSA/AChE-Glu-s-SWCNTs/GCE offered a favourable electron transfer between the acetylthiocholine chloride (ATCl) and electrode interface than BSA/AChE-s-SWCNTs/GCE, s-SWCNTs/GCE and bare GCE.
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Highly selective colorimetric and electrochemical sensing of iron (III) using Nile red functionalized graphene film. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:430-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fu J, Tan X, Shi Z, Song X, Zhang S. Highly Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Hydroquinone and Catechol Using Poly(mercaptoacetic acid)/Exfoliated Graphene Composite Film-modified Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu M, Yu J, Ding X, Zhao G. Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor for the Sensitive Detection of Microcystin-LR Based on Graphene Functionalized Vertically-aligned TiO2Nanotubes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yasri NG, Sundramoorthy AK, Gunasekaran S. Azo dye functionalized graphene nanoplatelets for selective detection of bisphenol A and hydrogen peroxide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor is developed based on graphene nanoplatelets functionalized with tri-azo dye (direct blue 71) for selective and highly sensitive detection of bisphenol A and hydrogen peroxide in pH 7 phosphate buffered saline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael G. Yasri
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Sundaram Gunasekaran
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
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