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Choosang J, Numnuam A, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P, Radu T, Ullah S, Radu A. Simultaneous Detection of Ammonium and Nitrate in Environmental Samples Using on Ion-Selective Electrode and Comparison with Portable Colorimetric Assays. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103555. [PMID: 30347779 PMCID: PMC6210283 DOI: 10.3390/s18103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple, robust, and low-cost nitrate- and ammonium-selective electrodes were made using substrate prepared from household materials. We explored phosphonium-based ILs and poly (methyl methacrylate)/poly(decyl methacrylate)(MMA-DMA) copolymer as matrix materials alternative to classical PVC-based membranes. IL-based membranes showed suitability only for nitrate-selective electrode exhibiting linear concentration range between 5.0 × 10-6 and 2.5 × 10-3 M with a detection limit of 5.5 × 10-7 M. On the other hand, MMA-DMA-based membranes showed suitability for both ammonium- and nitrate-selective electrodes, and were successfully applied to detect NO₃- and NH₄⁺ in water and soil samples. The proposed ISEs exhibited near-Nernstian potentiometric responses to NO₃- and NH₄⁺ with the linear range concentration between 5.0 × 10-5 and 5.0 × 10-2 M (LOD = 11.3 µM) and 5.0 × 10-6 and 1.0 × 10-3 M (LOD = 1.2 µM), respectively. The power of ISEs to detect NO₃- and NH₄⁺ in water and soils was tested by comparison with traditional, portable colorimetric techniques. Procedures required for analysis by each technique from the perspective of a non-trained person (e.g., farmer) and the convenience of the use on the field are compared and contrasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittima Choosang
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
| | - Apon Numnuam
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science5, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
| | - Tanja Radu
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, LE113TU Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Sami Ullah
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Aleksandar Radu
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zdrachek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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