1
|
Chen C, Ran B, Liu B, Liu X, Jin J, Zhu Y. Numerical Study on a Bio-Inspired Micropillar Array Electrode in a Microfluidic Device. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:878. [PMID: 36291015 PMCID: PMC9599680 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The micropillar array electrode (µAE) has been widely applied in microchip-based electrochemical detection systems due to a large current response. However, it was found that amplifying the current through further adjusting geometrical parameters is generally hindered by the shielding effect. To solve this problem, a bio-inspired micropillar array electrode (bµAE) based on the microfluidic device has been proposed in this study. The inspiration is drawn from the structure of leatherback sea turtles' mouths. By deforming a μAE to rearrange the micropillars on bilateral sides of the microchannel, the contact area between micropillars and analytes increases, and thus the current is substantially improved. A numerical simulation was then used to characterize the electrochemical performance of bµAEs. The effects of geometrical and hydrodynamic parameters on the current of bµAEs were investigated. Moreover, a prototypical microchip integrated with bµAE was fabricated for detailed electrochemical measurement. The chronoamperometry measurements were conducted to verify the theoretical performance of bµAEs, and the results suggest that the experimental data are in good agreement with those of the simulation model. This work presents a novel bµAE with great potential for highly sensitive electrochemical detection and provides a new perspective on the efficient configuration of the µAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhan Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Ran
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nishiyama K, Mizukami R, Kuki S, Ishida A, Chida J, Kido H, Maeki M, Tani H, Tokeshi M. Electrochemical enzyme-based blood ATP and lactate sensor for a rapid and straightforward evaluation of illness severity. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113832. [PMID: 34856516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an electrochemical system for measuring blood ATP and lactate levels in a single format. The ratio of lactate to ATP levels was previously reported to provide an alternative illness severity score. Although severity evaluation is crucial to treat patients with acute disease admitted to intensive care units, no sensors are currently available to simply and rapidly measure ATP and lactate levels using the same detection method. Therefore, we constructed an integrated sensing system for ATP and lactate using enzymatic reactions and two sets of electrodes integrated into a chip connected to a single potentiostat operated by a microcontroller. The enzymatic system involves adenylate kinase, pyruvate kinase, and pyruvate oxidase for ATP, and lactate oxidase for lactate, both of which produce hydrogen peroxide. Multiplex enzyme-based reactions were designed to minimize the corresponding operations significantly without enzyme immobilization onto the electrodes. The system was robust in the presence of potentially interfering blood components, such as ascorbate, pyruvate, ADP, urate, and potassium ions. The ATP and lactate levels in the blood were successfully measured using the new sensor with good recoveries. The analytical results of blood samples obtained using our sensor were in good agreement with those using conventional methods. Integrating electrode-based analysis and a microcontroller-based system saved further operations, enabling the straightforward measurement of ATP and lactate levels within 5 min. The proposed sensor may serve as a useful tool in the management of serious infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keine Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryohei Mizukami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shizuka Kuki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Junji Chida
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Pathology and Metabolome Research for Host Defense, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan; Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|