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Kong Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li X, Yang H, Miao M, Guo L. Electrochemical aptasensor based on a dual signal amplification strategy of 1-AP-CNHs and ROP for highly sensitive detection of ERα. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108793. [PMID: 39128408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) serves as a crucial biomarker for early breast cancer diagnosis. In this study, we proposed an electrochemical aptasensor with nanomaterial carbon nanohorns/gold nanoparticle composites (1-AP-CNHs/AuNPs) as the substrate, and the primary amine groups on the antibody initiated the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of monomer amino acid-ferrocene (NCA-Fc) on the electrode surface for ultrasensitive detection of ERα. The composite of 1-AP-CNHs/AuNPs not only possessed more active sites, but also increased the specific surface area of the electrode and allowed a large amount of ferrocene polymer long chains to be grafted onto the electrode surface to achieve signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit of the method was 11.995 fg mL-1 with a detection range of 100 fg mL-1-100 ng mL-1. In addition, the biotin-streptavidin system was used to further improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Importantly, this approach could be applied for the practical detection of ERα in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Kong
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Liang Guo
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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2
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Li H, Lim JH, Lv Y, Li N, Kang B, Lee JY. Graphynes and Graphdiynes for Energy Storage and Catalytic Utilization: Theoretical Insights into Recent Advances. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4795-4854. [PMID: 36921251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon allotropes have contributed to all aspects of people's lives throughout human history. As emerging carbon-based low-dimensional materials, graphyne family members (GYF), represented by graphdiyne, have a wide range potential applications due to their superior physical and chemical properties. In particular, graphdiyne (GDY), as the leader of the graphyne family, has been practically applied to various research fields since it was first successfully synthesized. GYF have a large surface area, both sp and sp2 hybridization, and a certain band gap, which was considered to originate from the overlap of carbon 2pz orbitals and the inhomogeneous π-bonds of carbon atoms in different hybridization forms. These properties mean GYF-based materials still have many potential applications to be developed, especially in energy storage and catalytic utilization. Since most of the GYF have yet to be synthesized and applications of successfully synthesized GYF have not been developed for a long time, theoretical results in various application fields should be shared to experimentalists to attract more intentions. In this Review, we summarized and discussed the synthesis, structural properties, and applications of GYF-based materials from the theoretical insights, hoping to provide different viewpoints and comments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Yipin Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Baotao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Li X, Zheng Y, Wu W, Jin M, Zhou Q, Fu L, Zare N, Karimi F, Moghadam M. Graphdiyne applications in sensors: A bibliometric analysis and literature review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135720. [PMID: 35843425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial synthesized artificially in 2010. Its outstanding performance is considered to have great potential in different fields. This article summarizes the work of graphdiyne in the sensing field by literature summary and bibliometrics analysis. The development of graphdiyne in the field of sensing has gone through a process from theoretical calculation to experimental verification. Especially in the last three years, there has been very rapid development. The theoretical calculations suggest that graphdiyne is an excellent gas sensing material, but there is little experimental evidence in this direction. On the contrary, graphdiyne has been widely reported in the field of electrochemical sensing. At the same time, graphdiyne can also be used as a molecular switch for DNA sequencing. Fluorescent sensors based on graphdiyne have also been reported. In general, the potential of graphdiyne in sensing still needs to be explored. Current research results do not show that graphdiyne has irreplaceable advantages in sensing. The bibliometric analysis used in this review also provides cooperative network analysis and co-citation analysis on this topic. This provides a reference for the audience wishing to undertake research on the topic. In addition, according to the analysis, we also listed the direction that which this field deserves attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Weihong Wu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Meiqing Jin
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Najmeh Zare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran
| | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
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Liu Z, Deng K, Zhang H, Li C, Wang J, Huang H, Yi Q, Zhou H. Dual-mode photoelectrochemical/electrochemical sensor based on Z-scheme AgBr/AgI-Ag-CNTs and aptamer structure switch for the determination of kanamycin. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:417. [PMID: 36242691 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A "signal-on" dual-mode aptasensor based on photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical (EC) signals was established for kanamycin (Kana) assay by using a novel Z-scheme AgBr/AgI-Ag-CNTs composite as sensing platform, an aptamer structure switch, and K3[Fe(CN)6] as photoelectron acceptor and electrochemical signal indicator. The aptamer structure switch was designed to obtain a "signal-off" state, which included an extended Kana aptamer (APT), one immobilized probe (P1), and one blocking probe (P2) covalently linked with graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) nanosheets. P1, P2, and aptamer formed the double helix structure, which resulted in the inhibited photocurrent intensity because of the weak conductivity of double helix layer and serious electrostatic repulsion of GDYO towards K3[Fe(CN)6]. In the presence of Kana, APT specifically bound to the target and dissociated from P1 and P2, and thus, a "signal-on" state was initiated by releasing P2-GDYO from the platform. Based on the sensing platform and the aptamer structure switch, the dual-mode aptasensor realized the linear determination ranges of 1.0 pM-2.0 μM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.4 pM (for PEC method) and 10 pM-5.0 μM with a LOD of 5 pM (for EC method). The aptasensor displayed good application potential for Kana test in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Keqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Jinglun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Yi
- Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
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Sun C, Li L, Liu J, Du Y, Peng Y, Xie Q. Photoelectrochemical sandwich immunoassay of brain glycogen phosphorylase based on methyl orange-sensitized TiO 2 nanorods. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:265. [PMID: 35776227 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical immunoassay of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) was studied. A methyl orange/TiO2 nanorod heterojunction was constructed on a fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode by hydrothermal synthesis, calcination, and chemical adsorption. A sandwich immune structure consisting of GPBB as the first antibody, GPBB, and a CdS@mesoporous silica-ascorbic acid (AA)-GPBB as secondary antibody composite was constructed on each of the selected well surfaces of a 96-well microplate. By adding mercaptoethylamine to structurally destroy the secondary antibody composite and release the electron donor AA, the amplification of photocurrent, and thus the "off-on" photoelectrochemical biosensing of GPBB were realized. The use of the 96-well microplate provides good reproducibility of the assembled immune structures and eliminates the possible effect of the photogenerated hole-induced protein oxidation on the photocurrent. The relevant electrodes and materials were characterized by electrochemistry, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and BET method. Under the optimal conditions, the photocurrent was linear with the logarithm of GPBB concentration from 0.005 to 200 ng mL-1 and with a limit of detection of 1.7 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). Satisfactory results were obtained in the analysis of real serum samples. A sandwich immune structure consisting of GPBB first antibody, GPBB, and a CdS@mesoporous silica-ascorbic acid (AA)-GPBB secondary antibody composite was constructed on each of the selected well surfaces of a 96-well microplate. By adding mercaptoethylamine to structurally destroy the secondary antibody composite and release the electron donor AA, the amplification of photocurrent, and thus the "off-on" photoelectrochemical biosensing of GPBB were realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yun Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yueyi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Liu L, Sun C, Liu J, Du Y, Xie Q. Photoelectrochemical sandwich immunoassay of CYFRA21-1 based on In 2O 3/WO 3 type-II heterojunction and CdS quantum dots-polydopamine nanospheres labeling. Analyst 2022; 147:2678-2686. [PMID: 35611759 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using an In2O3/WO3 type-II heterojunction modified fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode as the photoanode and CdS quantum dots (QDs)-polydopamine nanospheres (PDA NSs) as the secondary antibody (Ab2) label, the photoelectrochemistry (PEC) sandwich immunosensing of the lung cancer marker CYFRA21-1 was studied. WO3 nanoplates were prepared by a hydrothermal method, In2O3 nanoporous spheres were prepared by a hydrothermal method followed by calcination, and the In2O3/WO3 type-II heterojunction with high PEC activity was prepared by ultrasonic mixing and cast-coating. PDA NSs with a high surface area can be loaded with abundant Ab2 molecules and many CdS QDs with an energy level well matched with the heterojunction, so the photocurrent signal can be amplified by the formation of a sandwich immunostructure. Through the simulation experiments of photoelectrode-modified chitosan films of varying thickness, the effective transport distance of photogenerated charges is preliminarily discussed. Under the optimized conditions, the photocurrent was linear with the common logarithm of CYFRA21-1 concentration from 100 fg mL-1 to 50 ng mL-1, with a limit of detection of 56 fg mL-1 (S/N = 3). The immunoassay of CYFRA21-1 in human serum samples gave satisfactory recovery results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yun Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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Özyurt C, Uludağ İ, İnce B, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensing strategies for diagnosis of prostate specific antigen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114535
expr 871894585 + 891234880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Li Y, Dai X, He L, Bu Y, Ao JP. Crystal-reconstructed BiVO 4 semiconductor photoelectrochemical sensor for ultra-sensitive tumor biomarker detection. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:870-879. [PMID: 35050300 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a crystal-reconstructed-BiVO4 aptamer photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor by a high-energy laser treatment technique. This biosensor achieves a limit of detection (LOD) (0.82 ag mL-1), linear detection range (1 ag mL-1 to 2 ng mL-1), and resolution ratio (∼18 molecules per mL) for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tumor biomarker detection. Furthermore, reconstructed surface microstructure and oxygen vacancy doping energy formation after crystal reconstruction induce the stereo-hindrance effect and photogenerated hole energy is reduced during PSA target detection. In this case, a photocurrent inhibition phenomenon for PSA detection is noticed. Based on this photocurrent inversion phenomenon, some dysoxidizable nucleonic acid tumor (miRNA-21) and virus biomarkers (RdRp-COVID) can be detected with a LOD level of ∼10-16 M by linking the corresponding base paring probe on the surface of the crystal-reconstructed photoanode. In addition to high sensitivity, this PEC biosensor presents high detection specificity, stability, and accuracy in clinical verification. Thus, this crystal-reconstructed PEC biosensor shows application potential in the fields of multi-tumor or viral biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China.
| | - Xianying Dai
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China.
| | - Lin He
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuyu Bu
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Ao
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China.
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Özyurt C, Uludağ İ, İnce B, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensing strategies for diagnosis of prostate specific antigen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114535. [PMID: 34954466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Almost from the time of its discovery, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been one of the most accurate and most extensively studied indicators of prostate cancer (PC). Because of advancements in biosensing systems and technology, PSA analysis methods have been substantially updated and enhanced as compared to their first instances. With the development of techniques in biosensor technology, the number of PSA biosensors that can be used in the biomedical sector is increasing year by year. Many different recognition elements and transducers have been used in the development of biosensor systems that exhibit high sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. Here in this review, we provide a current overview of the different approaches to PSA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Özyurt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - İnci Uludağ
- Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Bahar İnce
- Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Applications of two-dimensional layered nanomaterials in photoelectrochemical sensors: A comprehensive review. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu XP, Chang N, Chen JS, Mao CJ, Jin BK. Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on a g-C3N4/SnS2 nanocomposite for prostate-specific antigen detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Tunable graphdiyne for DNA surface adsorption: affinities, displacement, and applications for fluorescence sensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3847-3859. [PMID: 33934191 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) adsorbed DNA probes have been used as a fluorescent sensing platform, but topics including DNA adsorption affinities, DNA probe displacement, and fluorescence quenching ability were rarely researched. Herein, the adsorption affinity of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on a tremella-like GDY was tuned by modulating the surface chemistry of GDY. The fluorescence quenching ability of GDY with different oxidation degrees was compared. The nonspecific displacement of DNA probes on GDY was studied. Under the same concentrations, GDY with low oxidation degree exhibited stronger adsorption affinity and higher adsorption capacity to both ssDNA and dsDNA than highly oxidized GDY. DNA adsorbed on low-oxidized GDY was more resistant to displacement by other DNAs. Protein showed strong interaction with different GDY and could displace DNA probes on GDY. Based on these findings, an ideal GDY with proper oxidation degree, exhibiting high surface affinity for ssDNA and low affinity for dsDNA, was used as scavenger of redundant ssDNA fluorescent probe in an enzyme-assisted amplification system for sensitive ochratoxin (OTA) detection. This study has enhanced our fundamental understanding of DNA adsorption by GDY. It also provided a rational way to apply GDY for fluorescence sensing in a complicated system.
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