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Szymczyk P, Krajewska WM, Jakubik J, Berner A, Janczukowicz J, Mikulska U, Berner J, Kiliańska ZM. Molecular Characterization of Cellular Proteins from Colorectal Tumors. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 82:376-81. [PMID: 8890974 DOI: 10.1177/030089169608200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Recent evidence has suggested that progressive stages of colorectal tumorigenesis can be defined by a sequence of genetic events characterized by altered expression of certain genes and the appearance of cancer-specific proteins. Although the significance of these events is still not clear, expression of cancer-specific protein components may be directly involved in the neoplastic transformation. The purpose of the present study was to compare molecular characteristics of cellular proteins from human colorectal tumors and normal colonic mucosa. Methods Normal mucosa and colorectal tumors from 18 patients were fractionated by a differential centrifugation scheme into four cellular fractions, i.e., nuclear, mitochondrial (10P), microsomal (100P) and cytosolic (100S). The proteins of these fractions from normal and tumorigenic mucosa were analyzed by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 and silver nitrate staining. Nuclear proteins from normal and neoplastic tissues which had revealed the most significant diversities were further characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoretically cancer-specific nuclear proteins in the molecular mass zone 35-40 kDa were used as immunogen to produce rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Results Electrophoretic analysis by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed clear differences in molecular characteristics of cellular proteins between normal and tumorigenic mucosa, especially among nuclear fractions. The latter were also confirmed by their two-dimensional electrophoresis results. Rabbit antibodies raised against electrophoretically specific nuclear proteins characterized by molecular mass of 35-40 kDa cross-reacted with 36 kDa polypeptide in 15 of 18 (83.3%) studied nuclear fractions of colorectal tumors but not with any normal mucosa. In some cases, nuclear cancer-associated components of 38 and 40 kDa were also recognized by these antibodies. Conclusions During colorectal carcinogenesis, specific expression of several nuclear proteins takes place. One of them, the polypeptide of 36 kDa not found in normal colonic epithelium, was shared by over 83% of the studied carcinomas despite variations in detailed cancer properties. This particular nuclear protein may be considered as a potential marker for the colon malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szymczyk
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lódz, Poland
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2
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Galvão ERCGN, Martins LMS, Ibiapina JO, Andrade HM, Monte SJH. Breast cancer proteomics: a review for clinicians. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:915-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-0978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hondermarck H, Tastet C, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Toillon RA, Le Bourhis X. Proteomics of Breast Cancer: The Quest for Markers and Therapeutic Targets. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1403-11. [DOI: 10.1021/pr700870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hondermarck
- INSERM U 908 (JE-2488) “Signalisation des facteurs de croissance dans le cancer du sein. Protéomique fonctionnelle”, IFR-147, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Lille 1, France
| | - Christophe Tastet
- INSERM U 908 (JE-2488) “Signalisation des facteurs de croissance dans le cancer du sein. Protéomique fonctionnelle”, IFR-147, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Lille 1, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- INSERM U 908 (JE-2488) “Signalisation des facteurs de croissance dans le cancer du sein. Protéomique fonctionnelle”, IFR-147, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Lille 1, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- INSERM U 908 (JE-2488) “Signalisation des facteurs de croissance dans le cancer du sein. Protéomique fonctionnelle”, IFR-147, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Lille 1, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- INSERM U 908 (JE-2488) “Signalisation des facteurs de croissance dans le cancer du sein. Protéomique fonctionnelle”, IFR-147, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Lille 1, France
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Abstract
Proteome technology has been used widely in cancer research and is a useful tool for the identification of new cancer markers and treatment-related changes in cancer. This article details the use of proteome technology in cancer research, and laboratory-based and clinical cancer research studies are described. New developments in proteome technology that enable higher sample-throughput are evaluated and methods for enhancing conventional proteome analysis (based on two-dimensional electrophoresis) discussed. The need to couple laboratory-based proteomics research with clinically relevant models of the disease is also considered, as this remains the next main challenge of cancer-related proteome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam V Dwek
- Breast Cancer Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Institute of Surgical Studies, UK.
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5
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Hondermarck H, Dollé L, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Adriaenssens E, Lemoine J. Functional proteomics of breast cancer for signal pathway profiling and target discovery. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2002; 7:395-405. [PMID: 12882524 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024086015542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The near completion of human genome sequencing and the introduction of mass spectrometry combined with advanced bioinformatics for protein identification have led to the emergence of proteomics as a powerful tool for characterizing new markers and therapeutic targets. Breast cancer proteomics has already identified proteins of potential clinical interest, such as the molecular chaperone 14-3-3 sigma and the heat shock protein HSP90, and technological innovations such as large scale and high throughput analysis are now driving the field. Methods in functional proteomics have also been developed to study the intracellular signaling pathways that underlie the development of breast cancer cells. As illustrated by fibroblast growth factor-2 and the H19 noncoding oncogenic mRNA, proteomics is a pertinent approach to identify signaling proteins and to decipher the complex signaling circuitry involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Together with genomics, proteomics is now providing a way to define molecular processes involved in breast carcinogenesis and to identify new therapeutic targets. The next challenge will be the introduction of proteomics as a tool for the clinic, for the establishment of diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of treatment; however, this ambitious goal still requires further technological progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hondermarck
- UPRES-EA 1033, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Page MJ, Amess B, Townsend RR, Parekh R, Herath A, Brusten L, Zvelebil MJ, Stein RC, Waterfield MD, Davies SC, O'Hare MJ. Proteomic definition of normal human luminal and myoepithelial breast cells purified from reduction mammoplasties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:12589-94. [PMID: 10535966 PMCID: PMC23001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal human luminal and myoepithelial breast cells separately purified from a set of 10 reduction mammoplasties by using a double antibody magnetic affinity cell sorting and Dynabead immunomagnetic technique were used in two-dimensional gel proteome studies. A total of 43,302 proteins were detected across the 20 samples, and a master image for each cell type comprising a total of 1,738 unique proteins was derived. Differential analysis identified 170 proteins that were elevated 2-fold or more between the two breast cell types, and 51 of these were annotated by tandem mass spectrometry. Muscle-specific enzyme isoforms and contractile intermediate filaments including tropomyosin and smooth muscle (SM22) alpha protein were detected in the myoepithelial cells, and a large number of cytokeratin subclasses and isoforms characteristic of luminal cells were detected in this cell type. A further 134 nondifferentially regulated proteins were also annotated from the two breast cell types, making this the most extensive study to date of the protein expression map of the normal human breast and the basis for future studies of purified breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Page
- Oxford GlycoSciences, 10 The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park, Oxfordshire, OX14 3YS, United Kingdom.
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Mohammad RM, Maki A, Vistisen K, al-Katib A. Protein studies of human non-Hodgkin's B-lymphoma: appraisal by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1994; 15:1566-72. [PMID: 7720694 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501501225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have utilized two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) coupled with silver stain to identify cellular proteins in human non-Hodgkin's B-lymphoma (NHL). Five cell lines (SKDHL2B, WSU-DLCL2, WSU-NHL, WSU-FSCCL and SKLN1), representing four different NHL maturational stages and a normal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed line of B-cell origin (SKLN1) were studied. The NHL lines were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry with lineage associated monoclonal antibodies. Whole cell lysates of the cell lines were subjected to 2-D PAGE analyses. The gels were analyzed with an image scanning computer and the qualitative differences of protein patterns were studied. Results revealed great similarities in patterns of the NHL lines. A master map containing common NHL-protein spots was constructed. When the map of each tumor line was compared to the master map, several protein spots were associated with each NHL-grade. Search for these proteins in the normal EBV-transformed B-cell line showed that only one of the proteins (S3; M(r)/pI 19/5.9) was present. Proteins that were detected in malignant NHL, but not in the normal EBV-line, could provide important information regarding the human NHL B-lymphocyte data-bases. Whether or not these proteins are definite malignant markers to distinguish between different NHL maturational stages needs further exploration through electroblotting and microsequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
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Hillebrandt S, Streffer C. Protein patterns in tissues of fetuses with radiation-induced gastroschisis. Mutat Res 1994; 308:11-22. [PMID: 7516479 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with computer-assisted data analysis to monitor protein expression in the liver of mouse fetuses with and without gastroschisis after X-irradiation of embryos during the 1-cell stage. A significantly higher frequency of changes in protein expression was observed in liver from irradiated fetuses with gastroschisis than from irradiated fetuses without gastroschisis. It was found that the frequency of abnormal protein patterns in the malformed fetuses is higher by approximately a factor of 2. Two proteins showed changes simultaneously in liver, kidney and/or skin of one individual fetus. The changes in protein expression probably result from mutations induced by the radiation exposure of the embryos at the 1-cell stage of prenatal development. We discuss these results in terms of increased mutation frequencies in irradiated fetuses with gastroschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hillebrandt
- Institut für Medizinische Strahlenbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany
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9
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He C, Merrick BA, Witcher LL, Patterson RM, Daluge DR, Selkirk JK. Phenotypic change and altered protein expression in X-ray and methylcholanthrene-transformed C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts. Electrophoresis 1994; 15:726-34. [PMID: 7925252 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501501100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, growth properties and cellular protein patterns from parent and two transformed C3H10T1/2 cell lines were analyzed to associate the phenotypic and protein differences with cell transformation. Transformed 10T1/2 cells were obtained by colony isolation after exposure of parent 10T1/2 cells to methylcholanthrene (MCA-1 cell line) or X-ray irradiation (XR-III cell line). Compared to parent 10T1/2 and MCA-1 cells, XR-III cells were much smaller in size and exhibited the highest growth rate, greatest cell saturation density, increased plating efficiency and greater expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. MCA-1 cells showed intermediate characteristics between parent and XR-III cells. Among the three cell lines, only XR-III cells showed anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. When [35S]methionine-labeled whole cell lysate proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, computer comparison algorithms revealed a 97% similarity in protein profiles among almost 800 proteins detected from each cell line. However, comparison of proteins patterns of the transformed cell lines to that of parent 10T1/2 cells showed that 30 and 20 proteins were induced or repressed in XR-III cells and MCA-1 cells, respectively. Similarly, 81 and 24 proteins showed significant quantitative changes (threefold or greater) in XR-III and MCA-1 cells, respectively, as compared with parent 10T1/2 cell proteins. The anchorage-independent growth and increased proliferation properties of XR-III cells suggest a later stage of transformation compared to MCA-1 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C He
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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10
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Unteregger G. Utility of protein electrophoretic analysis in the characterization of malignant tissues. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 569:367-88. [PMID: 1939494 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution electrophoresis of samples from malignant tissues and tumour cells has developed from a simple analytical tool to a high-tech system requiring a lot of satellite techniques. Though this developmental history now demands additional expensive instrumentation and a detailed knowledge of protein chemistry, the usefulness of this technique in tumour biology has been dramatically enhanced. Consequently, electrophoretic techniques combined with additional high-resolution and sensitive analytical tools can now be used to elucidate a particular phenotype of a cancer cell; moreover, the chemical nature of this phenotype can be revealed. The way from the protein backwards to the gene is now open!
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Affiliation(s)
- G Unteregger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of the Saar, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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11
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Gianazza E, Righetti PG. Biomedical relevance of two-dimensional protein mapping. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 569:43-62. [PMID: 1939497 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
State-of-the-art and future perspectives are discussed for the application of two-dimensional protein maps to basic medical research and routine clinical chemistry problems. Despite the technical advances that allow effective processing of a large number of samples and the refinement of devices and procedures for image analysis, at present two-dimensional maps are mostly confined to research purposes, i.e. to the inventory of normal constituents of body fluids and tissues on the one hand, and to qualitative-quantitative alterations of some protein spots in a number of instances (genetic, degenerative, infectious or xenobiotic diseases) on the other. It is hoped that in some instances a single primarily affected component will be able to be identified and then specifically tested (for instance by immunological means) as a diagnostic marker, but complex pathological patterns would still require the analysis of a large number of peptides at the resolution level only afforded by two dimensions. Further simplification of the protocols, for example with ready-made gels, and data reduction systems might then allow the application of the technique to be extended to general clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gianazza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Milan, Italy
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12
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He CY, Merrick BA, Mansfield BK, Hite MC, Daluge DR, Selkirk JK. Comparison of 14C-amino acid mixture and [35S]methionine labeling of cellular proteins from mouse fibroblast C3H10T1/2 cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1991; 12:658-66. [PMID: 1752247 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Total cellular proteins from mouse C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts were compared by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis after radiolabeling with [35S]methionine (35S-Met) or 14C-amino acids (14C-AA). 35S-Met labeling of protein was three to four times greater than 14C-AA incorporation over a 24 h period. Automated comparative analysis of replicate fluorographs after 6, 12, and 24 h of labeling showed considerable homology between radiolabeling methods. More than 88% percent of 35S-Met and 14C-AA-labeled proteins were common at each time point. However, the total number of 35S-Met-labeled proteins dropped from 6 to 24 h while the number of 14C-AA-labeled proteins increased. Additionally, twenty-one proteins were uniquely labeled by 14C-AA that were not detectable by 35S-Met over the labeling period. Densitometric analysis showed that several 35S-Met and 14C-AA-labeled proteins exhibited time-related differences in radiolabel incorporation while most proteins remained relatively constant. Protein patterns of silver-stained gels from 6 to 24 h were highly registered and showed few qualitative differences. Proteins detected in radiolabeled gels were generally, but not always, found in silver-stained gels. Thus, 35S-Met appears better suited for short-term radiolabeling of cellular protein while more comprehensive labeling of protein occurs with 14C-AA during prolonged incubation of cell cultures under present experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y He
- Division of Toxicology Research and Testing, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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13
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Franzén B, Iwabuchi H, Kato H, Lindholm J, Auer G. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human lung cancer: qualitative aspects of tissue preparation in relation to histopathology. Electrophoresis 1991; 12:509-15. [PMID: 1915243 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is of great importance to identify new objective markers significant for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human cancers. Cytometric assessment of the DNA content has been shown to be one parameter which correlates excellently with the clinical course of patients with solid cancers of the breast, prostate, and thyroid. However, additional specific marker polypeptides are needed in order to further improve the diagnostic and prognostic sensitivity. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is a unique tool in this field of cancer research, but serious problems concerning intersample variations in the 2-DE pattern must be solved because quantitative variations of potential marker polypeptides are expected to occur at low levels. In this study we examined a modified preparation method for tumor tissues, focusing on the relation between histopathological properties and 2-DE gel quality. We selected a group of human lung cancers sharing similar prognosis; nevertheless, the 2-DE patterns showed significant intersample but low intrasample variations. It is concluded that histopathological features, such as a local homogeneity, and the amounts of connective tissue and serum proteins are critical factors for the successful preparation and high quality of 2-DE-gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Franzén
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Nuclear proteins obtained from human brain tumor cell lines by differential salt extraction were subjected to high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Several hundred spots were detectable in the low salt (0.4 M NaCl) extract using silver staining. These patterns exhibited remarkable differences between the different cell lines we analyzed. A less complex pattern occurred when nuclei were subsequently treated with high salt (2.5 M NaCl/5 M urea). We compared the electropherograms from various human glioblastoma cell lines and found them very similar and even a high degree of similarity occurs between glioblastomas and other human tumor cell lines. Beside these more general observations we detected several proteins at least enriched in human glioblastomas which were totally absent in low grade astrocytomas and nonglial tumors. They could be separated from the bulk of nonspecific proteins by simple modifications of the isoelectric focusing conditions. From these results we conclude that nuclear proteins obtained by sequential salt extraction and separated by two-dimensional techniques may provide tumor specific proteins suitable for antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Saar, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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