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Murthy V, Altawallbeh G, Larson-Nath C, Karger AB, Thomas SN. Transient hyperphosphatasemia following pediatric liver transplantation in a patient with hepatic and skeletal abnormalities. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:48-50. [PMID: 33826952 PMCID: PMC8532144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: We report a unique case of transient hyperphosphatasemia in a pediatric patient with a history of hepatic and skeletal abnormalities. Patient and Methods: A 2-month old male was diagnosed with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type-2 and osteoporosis after marked increases in liver function tests were noted at 1 month of age. He underwent a second liver transplantation at 1 y. The increased liver function test trend resolved a few weeks post-transplantation. Four months after successful liver transplantation, unexplained significant increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed, and they persisted for almost 9 months. Among the etiologies under consideration for the isolated increased ALP activity were viral infections and macro-ALP. Results: A persistent trend in abnormally increased ALP for 9 months was investigated leading to a confirmed diagnosis of transient hyperphosphatasemia (TH). Conclusion: Pediatric post-liver transplant patients with skeletal and hepatic abnormalities including isolated markedly increased ALP activities represent a previously undescribed TH patient population. The 4.3% prevalence of TH in pediatric liver transplant recipients within our healthcare system is considerably higher than the previously reported prevalence of 2.1% for patients within the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakantha Murthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ghaith Altawallbeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Catherine Larson-Nath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy B Karger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Precision Medicine Tumor Boards: Clinical Applicability of Personalized Treatment Concepts in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030548. [PMID: 32120793 PMCID: PMC7139570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treating cancer according to its molecular alterations (i.e., targeted treatment, TT) is the goal of precision medicine tumor boards (PTBs). Their clinical applicability has been evaluated for ovarian cancer patients in this analysis. Methods: All consecutive ovarian cancer patients discussed in a PTB at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, from April 2015 to April 2019 were included (n = 44). Results: In 38/44 (86%) cases, at least one mutation, deletion or amplification was detected. The most frequently altered genes were p53 (64%), PI3K pathway (18%), KRAS (14%), BRCA1 (11%) and BRCA2 (2%). In 31 patients (70%) a TT was recommended. A total of 12/31 patients (39%) received the recommended therapy. Median time from indication for PTB to TT start was 65 days (15–216). Median time to treatment failure was 2.7 months (0.2–13.2). Clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 42%. Reasons for treatment discontinuation were disease progression (42%), poor performance status (PS > 2; 25%), death (17%) or treatment related side effects (8%). In 61% the TT was not administered—mainly due to PS > 2. Conclusion: Even though a TT recommendation can be derived frequently, clinical applicability remains limited due to poor patients’ general condition after exploitation of standard treatment. However, we observed antitumor activity in a substantial number of heavily pretreated patients.
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Wiedmeyer CE, Morton DG, Cusick PK, Wright T, Solter PF, Hoffmann WE. Semiautomated analysis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum of normal cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Clin Pathol 2002; 28:2-7. [PMID: 12075530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.1999.tb01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme analysis, using a combination of wheat germ lectin (WGL) precipitation, levamisole inhibition and an automated p-nitrophenylphosphate assay was validated for use with serum from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and used to determine the activities of liver ALP (LALP), bone ALP (BALP) and intestinal ALP (IALP). Based on serial dilution studies and within-run and between-run coefficients of variation, each assay had excellent linearity and acceptable precision. In addition, liver and intestinal mucosa extracts for tissue specific alkaline phosphatases were used to confirm assay validations. Gender-specific differences for total ALP, LALP, and BALP activities were present in sera from normal monkeys between 2 and 4 years of age. Males had 1.3-fold higher total ALP and LALP activities, and 1.5-fold higher BALP activity compared with females. The majority of ALP activity in normal monkey serum was LALP isoenzyme activity, which ranged from 56.7% to 94.7% of total activity. Serum BALP activity ranged from 5.3% to 42.8%. There was negligible IALP activity in all serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Wiedmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 60064, USA.
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Seibel MJ, Woitge HW. Basic principles and clinical applications of biochemical markers of bone metabolism: biochemical and technical aspects. J Clin Densitom 1999; 2:299-321. [PMID: 10548826 DOI: 10.1385/jcd:2:3:299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/1999] [Revised: 04/23/1999] [Accepted: 04/26/1999] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interest in and the need for effective measures to be used in the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of disorders of connective tissue, bone, and mineral metabolism has markedly grown. Next to clinical and imaging techniques, indices of bone turnover have come to play an important role in the assessment of metabolic bone disease. In osteoporosis, recent research has shown that bone markers may also be used to predict future bone loss and hip fractures (in larger cohorts of older patients), identify individuals at risk for osteoporosis, select therapy, and predict and monitor the therapeutic response in individual patients. The development of new markers of bone metabolism has greatly enriched the spectrum of serum and urine analytes used in the assessment of skeletal pathologies. Besides total alkaline phosphatase, other markers such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, or the collagen propeptides are being used to measure bone formation. Bone resorption, previously assessed only by the measurement of urinary calcium and hydroxyproline, may now be detected more precisely by a number of new serum and urine markers. Among these, the pyridinium crosslinks and the telopeptides of collagen type I are presently considered the most specific markers of bone resorption. More recently, bone sialoprotein has also been suggested as a marker of bone resorption in serum. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is now measurable by immunoassay. This article surveys the biochemistry and relevant technical aspects of the currently available markers of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Seibel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hata K, Tokuhiro H, Nakatsuka K, Miki T, Nishizawa Y, Morii H, Miura M. Measurement of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase by an immunoselective enzyme assay method. Ann Clin Biochem 1996; 33 ( Pt 2):127-31. [PMID: 8729720 DOI: 10.1177/000456329603300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated a new immunoselective enzyme assay of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The monoclonal antibody used in this assay was raised against purified bone-specific ALP obtained from SAOS-2 human osteosarcoma cell line. Calibration was based on the enzyme's own activity. The relative activity of the antibody was 100% with bone ALP, 8.7% with liver ALP, and 0% with placental and intestinal ALPs. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 4%. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.7 U/L, and the linearity extended from 2 to 140 U/L. The recovery of bone-specific ALP standard added to serum was 94-106%. The correlation coefficient between this method and the polyacrylamide gel (PAG) electrophoretic method was 0.94. The mean value of bone-specific ALP in 89 healthy adults (mean age 29 years, SD 5 years) was 18.5 U/L (SD 4.1 U/L). Interestingly, mean bone-specific ALP activities in 60 premenopausal women (mean age 39 years, SD 8 years) and 70 postmenopausal women (mean age 57 years, SD 5 years) were 20.3 U/L (SD 6.5 U/L) and 31.1 U/L (SD 11.1 U/L), respectively. The age-related increase in bone-specific ALP was significant and more pronounced in women (P < 0.01). We conclude that this new immunoassay of bone-specific ALP would be useful for clinical investigation of patients with osteoporosis or other metabolic diseases of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hata
- Department of Research and Development, Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories Inc, Tokyo, Japan
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Lampreave F, Alava MA, Piñeiro A. Lectin affinity immunoelectrophoresis of serum glycoproteins. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rosalki SB. Bone-origin alkaline phosphatase in plasma by wheat-germ lectin methods in bone disease. Clin Chim Acta 1994; 226:143-50. [PMID: 7923809 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone-origin ALP in plasma may be readily quantified by WG-lectin methods and such measurements (reflecting osteoblastic activity) are useful in a wide variety of bone disorders. The studies summarized here have confirmed that ALP isoenzyme examination by these methods adds tissue specificity and diagnostic sensitivity to total ALP measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Rosalki
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
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Miura M, Sakagishi Y, Hata K, Komoda T. Differences between the sugar moieties of liver- and bone-type alkaline phosphatases: a re-evaluation. Ann Clin Biochem 1994; 31 ( Pt 1):25-30. [PMID: 8154849 DOI: 10.1177/000456329403100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We re-evaluated the differences between the sugar moieties of liver and bone alkaline phosphatases (ALPs). Sialic acid was added to ALP sugar moieties by alpha 2,3- or 2,6-sialyltransferase treatment of the asialo-form ALP (neuraminidase-treated ALP). Asialo-bone ALP was converted to a liver-like ALP by the 2,6-sialyltransferase treatment. The resulting liver-like ALP was less susceptible to neuraminidase than non-treated bone ALP, but was still labile to heat exposure at 56 degrees C like non-treated bone ALP. However, after the O-linked sugar moiety had been released by additional treatment with O-glycanase the liver-like ALP became more heat stable at 56 degrees C, like non-treated liver ALP. Non-treated liver ALP reacted specifically with anti-liver ALP monoclonal antibody, and non-treated bone ALP reacted with both anti-liver and anti-bone ALP antibodies. The asialo-bone ALP still reacted with anti-bone ALP antibody, whereas the asialo-form liver ALP showed little, if any, reaction with anti-liver and anti-bone ALP antibodies. Neuraminidase and O-glycanase-treated bone ALP reacted less with anti-bone ALP antibody. After O-glycanase treatment, bone ALP molecules deprived of an O-linked sugar moiety had a molecular size and heat stability similar to liver ALP. The difference between liver and bone ALP molecules may be due not only to their manner of sialic acid linkage but also to the attachment of the O-linked sugar moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miura
- First Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical School, Japan
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Lee KB, Kim YS, Linhardt RJ. Lectin affinity electrophoresis for the separation of fluorescently labeled sugar derivatives. Anal Biochem 1992; 203:206-10. [PMID: 1416018 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90304-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectin affinity electrophoresis was applied to the separation of charged, fluorescent conjugates of disaccharides. Four fluorescent conjugates were prepared by reductive amination of alpha-D-Man-(1----3)-D-Man, alpha-D-Gal-(1----4)-D-Glc, alpha-D-Gal-(1----6)-D-Glc, and beta-D-Gal-(1----4)-D-Glc in the presence of 7-amino-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonic acid. These charged fluorescent-disaccharide conjugates all have identical molecular weight and in the absence of conconavalin A lectin failed to separate either by agarose or by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of either free or immobilized concanavalin A, agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis could separate the fluorescent conjugate of alpha-D-Man-(1----3)-D-Man from that of alpha-D-Gal-(1----4)-D-Gal, alpha-D-Gal-(1----6)-D-Glc, and beta-D-Gal-(1----4)-D-Glc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Lee
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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Abstract
Principles and several modifications of lectin affinity electrophoresis are described. The results obtained using these newly developed techniques are reviewed for individual glycoproteins, the altered lectin reactivities of which have some clinical implications, showing different lectin reactivities, which occur not only on malignant transformation but also in association with inflammatory process and hormonal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taketa
- Health Research Center, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
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Kuwana T, Rosalki SB. Measurement of alkaline phosphatase of intestinal origin in plasma by p-bromotetramisole inhibition. J Clin Pathol 1991; 44:236-7. [PMID: 2013625 PMCID: PMC496946 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.44.3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
L-p-bromotetramisole was used to inhibit non-intestinal alkaline phosphatase (of liver or bone origin) (EC 3.1.3.1; ALP) in plasma, and intestinal ALP was measured from the uninhibited activity. The method of determination is convenient and correlated well with measurement by immunocapture assay. If carried out in parallel with wheat-germ lectin precipitation of bone ALP, subtraction of intestinal ALP activity from that of non-bone ALP in the supernatant can be used to measure the ALP that originates from the liver in men and non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuwana
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital, London
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