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Singh B, Kumar A, Malik AK. Flavonoids biosynthesis in plants and its further analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:820-832. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Government Post-Graduate College Una; Himachal Pradesh India
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Herrero-Martínez JM, Oumada FZ, Rosés M, Bosch E, Ràfols C. Determination of flavonoid aglycones in several food samples by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:2493-500. [PMID: 17654618 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The application of mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography to the separation of ten flavonoid aglycones (catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, morin, fisetin, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, apigenin, and chrysin) belonging to four different classes (flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, and flavones), and expected to be prominent in commonly consumed foods, has been developed. A micellar system composed of 25 mM SDS and 25 mM sodium cholate buffered at pH 7.0 provided a simultaneous separation of all compounds in less than 20 min. The procedure could be easily adapted to the determination of some flavonoids from each of these classes in real complex samples (propolis, Ginkgo biloba, etc.). The LODs of these compounds were in the range of 1.2-4 microg/mL, and the peak area and migration time repeatabilities were below 6.0 and 3.1%, respectively.
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Christensen LP, Kaack K, Fretté XC. Selection of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) genotypes best suited for the preparation of elderflower extracts rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bridle P, García-Viguera C, Tomás-Barberán FA. Analysis of Anthocyanins by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608005518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bridle
- a Lab Fitoquímica Dept. Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS-CSIC Apdo. Correos 4195, 30080, Murcia, Spain
| | - C. García-Viguera
- a Lab Fitoquímica Dept. Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS-CSIC Apdo. Correos 4195, 30080, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. A. Tomás-Barberán
- a Lab Fitoquímica Dept. Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos , CEBAS-CSIC Apdo. Correos 4195, 30080, Murcia, Spain
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Urbonaviciūte A, Jakstas V, Kornysova O, Janulis V, Maruska A. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of flavonoids in single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) ethanolic extracts. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:339-44. [PMID: 16443232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important group of natural compounds, which can prevent coronary heart disease and have antioxidant properties. Hawthorn is a well known and widely used medicinal plant due to its cardiotonic activity. Previous studies refer mostly to the HPLC analysis of the flavonoids: vitexin, quercetin, hyperoside, oligomeric procyanidins, which appear to be primarily responsible for the cardiac action of the plant. Aqueous ethanolic extracts of single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq., f.: Rosaceae Juss.) leaves and sprouts were analyzed by means of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Influence of vegetation period on the extract qualitative composition and flavonoids quantities was evaluated. Sample preparation by extraction using different concentration of aqueous ethanol (40-96%, v/v) and the influence of extractant composition on the recovery of flavonoids are discussed in detail. The results obtained using CZE are compared to the results of spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis of the extracts. The effect of storage conditions of extracts (solar irradiation, temperature and duration) on degradation of flavonoids was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Urbonaviciūte
- Department of Chemistry, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Cerretani L, Bendini A, Segura-Carretero A, Gallina-Toschi T, Fernandez-Gutiérrez A. Analytical determination of polyphenols in olive oils. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:837-58. [PMID: 16013811 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The increasing popularity of olive oil is mainly attributed to its high content of oleic acid, which may affect the plasma lipid/lipoprotein profiles, and its richness in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants and may contribute to the prevention of human disease. An overview of analytical methods for the measurement of polyphenols in olive oil is presented. In principle, the analytical procedure for the determination of individual phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil involves three basic steps: extraction from the oil sample, analytical separation, and quantification. A great number of procedures for the isolation of the polar phenolic fraction of virgin olive oil, utilizing two basic extraction techniques, LLE or SPE, have been included. The reviewed techniques are those based on spectrophotometric methods, as well as analytical separation (gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE)). Many reports in the literature determine the total amount of phenolic compounds in olive oils by spectrophometric analysis and characterize their phenolic patterns by capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and, mainly, by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC); however, CE has recently been applied to the analysis of phenolic compound of olive oil and has opened up great expectations, especially because of the higher resolution, reduced sample volume, and analysis duration. CE might represent a good compromise between analysis time and satisfactory characterization for some classes of phenolic compounds of virgin olive oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alegria Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K, Getie M, Endale A, Neubert R, Schmidt PC. In vitro availability of kaempferol glycosides from cream formulations of methanolic extract of the leaves of Melilotus elegans. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 60:31-8. [PMID: 15848053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In Ethiopian traditional medicine, Melilotus elegans Salzm. ex Ser. (Leguminosae) is used for the treatment of haemorrhoids and lacerated wounds. In view of its wide spread use and proven anti-inflammatory activity, 80% methanolic extract of the leaves was formulated into creams. HPLC/UV and MS studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, of which kaempferol was the major aglycone. Quantitative estimation of kaempferol in the hydrolyzed extract as determined by HPLC/UV was found to be 16.3+/-0.93 microg/mg (n=6, range) of extract. The in vitro release profiles of kaempferol glycosides (quantified as kaempferol equivalent) from the cream formulations in a multilayer membrane system indicated that a lipophilic cream of the extract provides higher release of kaempferol glycosides than hydrophilic and amphiphilic ones. Over a study period of 4h, the lipophilic cream released 66+/-5.70% of kaempferol glycosides, while the hydrophilic and amphiphilic creams resulted in 55+/-2.77 and 38+/-2.30% release, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsige Gebre-Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Bonoli M, Marconi E, Caboni MF. Free and bound phenolic compounds in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) flours. evaluation of the extraction capability of different solvent mixtures and pressurized liquid methods by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and spectrophotometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1057:1-12. [PMID: 15584217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds exist in free and bound forms in cereals. The efficiency, reliability and suitability of recovering free phenolic compounds from barley by conventional, solid-liquid and pressurized solvent extractions, using different mixtures and methods, were tested. The extraction recovery of bound phenolics was evaluated using alkaline and acid hydrolyses. This study illustrates a rapid application of micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of free and bound phenolic compounds in barley samples. After developing a capillary electrophoresis optimization plan, barley phenols were analyzed within 5.5 min, using a buffer containing 20 mM sodium tetraborate, 10 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 5 mM KH2PO4 (pH 9), a 40cm x 50 microm capillary, 30kV and 30 degrees C. The selectivity of the extraction methods in recovering phenolic classes was evaluated by capillary electrophoresis and compared with spectrophotometric measurements. Electropherograms of free phenolic extracts showed flavan-3-ol compounds, proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol solvents extracted the highest amount of catechins and hydrolysable tannins, respectively. The extraction yield of bound phenolic compounds (especially hydroxycinnamic acids) increased when the digestion time for alkaline hydrolysis was prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Bologna, Piazza G Goidanich 60, 47023 Cesena (FC), Italy
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Carrasco Pancorbo A, Cruces-Blanco C, Segura Carretero A, Fernández Gutiérrez A. Sensitive determination of phenolic acids in extra-virgin olive oil by capillary zone electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:6687-6693. [PMID: 15506801 DOI: 10.1021/jf0497399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, rapid, efficient, and reliable method for the separation and determination of phenolic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis has been carried out. A detailed method optimization was carried out to separate 14 different compounds by studying parameters such as pH, type and concentration of buffer, applied voltage, and injection time. The separation was performed within 16 min, using a 25 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 9.6) at 25 kV with 8 s of hydrodynamic injection. With this method and using a liquid-liquid extraction system, with recovery values around 95%, it has been possible to detect small quantities of phenolic acids in olive oil samples. This is apparently the first paper showing the quantification of this specific family of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alegría Carrasco Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Bonoli M, Montanucci M, Gallina Toschi T, Lercker G. Fast separation and determination of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and other phenolic compounds in extra-virgin olive oil by capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet-diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1011:163-72. [PMID: 14518773 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil is the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, and its consumption has been related to a low incidence of coronary heart disease and certain cancers. Recent findings demonstrate that olive oil phenolics are powerful in vitro and in vivo antioxidants and display other biological activities that could partially account for the observed healthful effects of the Mediterranean diet. A detailed method optimization plan was carried out to separate the most popular phenols in olive oil for four separation parameters: buffer concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage and temperature. Consequently, an analytical method capable of separating 21 different phenols and polyphenols by capillary zone electrophoresis was developed; the separation was performed within 10 min, using a 40 cm x 50 microm capillary, with a 45 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.60), at 27 kV and 30 degrees C. The optimized method was applied to methanolic extracts of several Italian extra-virgin olive oils obtained by different technologies in order to characterize and to compare their antioxidant profile. Positive correlations of phenolic compounds found by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and two colorimetric indexes (total polyphenols and o-diphenols) were found and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Bologna, Via Ravennate 1020, Cesena 47023, Italy.
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Wang SP, Huang KJ. Determination of flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1032:273-9. [PMID: 15065805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The compounds of flavonoid, an important group in nature, can prevent coronary heart disease and anticancer by virtue of the characteristics of antioxidation. Nine flavonoids most often seen in grape wine, namely apigenin, baicalein, naringenin, luteolin, hesperetin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetine, were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in this work. A successful resolution was obtained from an unusual additive of tetrahydrofuran in mobile phase by HPLC. One notable thing is that the mixture of luteolin and quercetin could be separated for the first time by HPLC. In addition, the better detection limit was still attainable even with the use of tetrahydrofuran. The detection limits of CZE performed in borate buffer were hundreds-fold better than in previous reports. Furthermore, the retention and migration behavior of the analytes studied were discussed. As the result of this study, the elution order of flavone and flavonone was reversed to the contention proposed by Wulf et al. It was predictable from the interaction with tetrahydrofuran. Consequently, the extracts from grape wine with solid-phase extraction were analyzed by developing methods of HPLC and CZE. The obtained recoveries ranged from 90 to 107% and the relative standard deviations were under 6.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200 Chunchi Road, Shalu, Taichung, Hsien 433, Taiwan.
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Berhow MA. Modern analytical techniques for flavonoid determination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 505:61-76. [PMID: 12083467 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5235-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We stand at the dawn of the next great period of natural products research. We now have tools to begin unraveling the chemical and physiological mechanisms by which these phytochemicals affect the function of living cells, both in plants and animals. The advances in analytical research will allow us to better use these compounds in the control of diseases in both plants and animals. This chapter used the analysis of soy isoflavones to illustrate the approaches to natural product research, but these principles can be applied to nearly any of the phenolic compounds found in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Berhow
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
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Huck CW, Stecher G, Ahrer W, Stöggl WM, Buchberger W, Bonn GK. Analysis of three flavonoids by CE-uV and CE-ESI-MS. Determination of naringenin from a phytomedicine. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20021001)25:14<903::aid-jssc904>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Urbánek M, Blechtová L, Pospísilová M, Polásek M. On-line coupling of capillary isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of flavonoids in methanolic extracts of Hypericum perforatum leaves or flowers. J Chromatogr A 2002; 958:261-71. [PMID: 12134824 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin and rutin) were separated and determined in extracts of Hypericum perforatum leaves or flowers by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with isotachophoretic (ITP) sample pre-treatment using on-line column coupling configuration. The background electrolyte (BGE) used in the CZE step was different from the leading and terminating ITP electrolytes but all the electrolytes contained 20% (v/v) of methanol. The optimal leading electrolyte was 10 mM HCl of pH* approximately 7.2 (adjusted with Tris) and the terminating electrolyte was 50 mM H3BO3 of pH* approximately 8.2 (adjusted with barium hydroxide). This operational system allowed to concentrate and pre-separate selectively the flavonoid fraction from other plant constituents before the introduction of the flavonoids into the CZE capillary. The BGE for the CZE step was 50 mM Tris buffer of pH* approximately 8.75 containing 25 mM N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid as co-ion and 55 mM H3BO3 as complex-forming agent. The ITP-CZE method with spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm was suitable for the quantitation of the flavonoids in real natural samples; kaempferol was used as internal standard. The limit of detection for quercetin-3-O-glycosides was 100 ng ml(-1) and calibration curves were rectilinear in the range 1-10 microg ml (-1) for most of the analytes. The RSD values ranged between 0.9 and 2.7% (n=3) when determining approximately 0.07-1.2% of the individual flavonoids in dried medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Urbánek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Wright LP, Aucamp JP, Apostolides Z. Analysis of black tea theaflavins by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2001; 919:205-13. [PMID: 11459305 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study a new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed to quantify the four major theaflavins occurring in black tea. Where aqueous based CE methods showed poor selectivity and considerable band broadening, non-aqueous CE achieved baseline separation of the theaflavins within 10 min. The effects of the organic solvent composition and background electrolyte concentration on the separation selectivity and electrophoretic mobilities were investigated. Our optimized separation solution consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-acetic acid (71:25:4, v/v) and 90 mM ammonium acetate. This method was used to analyze three black tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Allen DJ, Gray JC, Paiva NL, Smith JT. An enantiomeric assay for the flavonoids medicarpin and vestitone using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2000; 21:2051-7. [PMID: 10879965 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000601)21:10<2051::aid-elps2051>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An enantiomeric assay for the flavonoids vestitone and medicarpin from transgenic plant extracts was developed using capillary electrophoresis. It was found that no single cyclodextrin proved capable of resolving the enantiomers of both medicarpin and vestitone. Instead, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin provided the best selectivity for the vestitones while hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin was best for the medicarpins. The addition of organic modifiers improved the resolution of both enantiomers. Acetonitrile proved best for the vestitones and only methanol improved the resolution of the medicarpins. An optimization study of mixed hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin containing electrolytes revealed that the separation of the medicarpin enantiomers was intolerant to the presence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Our optimized running electrolyte was composed of 2 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, 20 mM hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin, and 25 mM borate at pH 10.0 with 10% v/v methanol. This system provided a resolution of 1.47 and 1.80 for the medicarpin and vestitone enantiomers, respectively. This analysis was completed in 12 min. This separation provided a rapid screen to determine the enantiomeric purity of key flavonoids biosynthesized by transgenic legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Allen
- Department of Physical Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant 74701-0609, USA
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers the analyst a number of key advantages for the analysis of the components of foods. CE offers better resolution than, say, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is more adept at the simultaneous separation of a number of components of different chemistries within a single matrix. In addition, CE requires less rigorous sample cleanup procedures than HPLC, while offering the same degree of automation. However, despite these advantages, CE remains under-utilized by food analysts. Therefore, this review consolidates and discusses the currently reported applications of CE that are relevant to the analysis of foods. Some discussion is also devoted to the development of these reported methods and to the advantages/disadvantages compared with the more usual methods for each particular analysis. It is the aim of this review to give practicing food analysts an overview of the current scope of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Frazier
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
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Methods of control and standardization of drugs containing water-soluble vitamins (a review). Pharm Chem J 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02510075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aussenac T, Lacombe S, Daydé J. Quantification of isoflavones by capillary zone electrophoresis in soybean seeds: effects of variety and environment. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68:1480S-1485S. [PMID: 9848520 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.6.1480s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones (genistin, daidzin, glycitin, and their malonyl forms and aglucons) are thought to be responsible for the astringent taste of soyfoods. Generally, HPLC with a methanol and water elution gradient is used for isoflavone quantification, but capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been used more recently to separate several flavonoids in plant extracts. We present the results of CZE analysis of isoflavones in soybean extracts. Conditions for separation by using CZE were optimized for analysis of soybean isoflavones. We compared the results of extraction at different temperatures and with different compositions of solvent. Total extraction of isoflavones was not affected by temperature but was affected by composition of the solvent. Malonyl forms of isoflavones were thermally unstable. We analyzed the isoflavone content of different varieties of soybean seeds sown on different dates. Total isoflavone content varied among different varieties and with sowing dates. Interactions between the variety and the sowing date also affected isoflavone composition. We conclude that the variety of soybean seed and environmental growing conditions, such as sowing date, can contribute to seed quality by reducing its isoflavone content, modifying its isoflavone composition, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aussenac
- Laboratoire d'Agrophysiologie, ESA Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Liang HR, Vuorela H, Vuorela P, Riekkola ML, Hiltunen R. Prediction of migration behaviour of flavonoids in capillary zone electrophoresis by means of topological indices. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Morin P, Archambault J, André P, Dreux M, Gaydou E. Separation of hydroxylated and methoxylated flavonoids by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography were used for the separation of widely different compounds from natural materials including antibiotics, humic substances, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, illicit drugs, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, Chinese herbal preparations, nicotine, caffeine, amphetamines, toxins such as aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, mycotoxins, heptapeptide toxins and others, ephedrine compounds, mineral elements, and natural compounds in biological samples. A discussion of sample extraction and clean-up and the advantages of using CE is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Issaq
- SAIC Frederick, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.
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Cherkaoui S, Mateus L, Christen P, Veuthey JL. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for selected tropane alkaloid analysis in plant extract. Chromatographia 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Rosário Bronze M, Filipe Vilas Boas L, Pedro Belchoir A. Analysis of old brandy and oak extracts by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)01047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bongartz D, Hesse A. Selective extraction of quercetrin in vegetable drugs and urine by off-line coupling of boronic acid affinity chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 673:223-30. [PMID: 8611956 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Quercetrin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid were measured in urine or in drugs by combination of boronic acid affinity chromatography and HPLC. Simple reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection was used to determine quercetrin in five different Solidago virgaurea drugs. For determination of quercetrin in human urine immobilized boronic acid was applied for sample pretreatment. this procedure leads to a determination limit of 0.01 micrograms/ml with a recovery rate of 95.3%. The first results using this method for quercetrin pharmacokinetics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bongartz
- Department of Urology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Gil MI, Ferreres F, Tomás-Barberán FA. Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography of Methylated Flavone Aglycones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508010429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Isabel Gil M, Garc�a-Viguera C, Bridle P, Tom�s-Barber�n FA. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Spanish red wines by capillary zone electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01187519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Garcia-Viguera C, Bridle P. Analysis of non-coloured phenolic compounds in red wines. A comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. Food Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0308-8146(95)00057-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Pietta P, Mauri P, Bruno A, Gardana C. Influence of structure on the behavior of flavonoids in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1994; 15:1326-31. [PMID: 7895727 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501501202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to elucidate the relation between structure and electrophoretic behavior, the effect of pH, surfactant and buffer on electrophoretic mobilities and resolution of several flavonoids, differing in structure, has been investigated. Ring-B substitution and the presence of a free hydroxy group at C7 of ring A play an important role, whereas O-methoxylation is less significant. Glycosylation also contributes in determining different degrees of complexation with borate, thus affecting the mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pietta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Milano, Italy
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Hiraoka A, Akai J, Tominaga I, Hattori M, Sasaki H, Arato T. Capillary zone electrophoretic determination of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system diseases. J Chromatogr A 1994; 680:243-6. [PMID: 7952004 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with various central nervous system (CNS) diseases were determined by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Under one of the two sets of conditions employed, several anionic components of CSF were separated into corresponding peaks on the electropherograms and determined. The other conditions employed were also useful in measurement of the lactate contents in CSF. The CSF levels of lactate and pyruvate and the ratios of lactate to pyruvate were elevated in patients with cerebral infarction and bacterial meningitis, whereas CSF ascorbate was reduced mainly in inflammatory disorders of the CNS. The results showed that CZE can become a powerful tool in the biochemical diagnosis of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hiraoka
- Department of Mental Health, Kyorin University School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Pietta P, Mauri P, Zini L, Gardana C. Optimization of separation selectivity in capillary electrophoresis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Liu YM, Sheu SJ. Capillary electrophoresis determination of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and wogonin-7-O-glucuronide in traditional Chinese medicinal preparations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240170713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Liu YM, Sheu SJ. Determination of the six major flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)80134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Capillary electrophoresis as an alternative to HPLC for determination of honey flavonoids. Chromatographia 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02275729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chan KC, Whang CW, Yeung ES. Separation of DNA Restriction Fragments using Capillary Electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079308019907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chee GL, Wan TS. Reproducible and high-speed separation of basic drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 612:172-7. [PMID: 8454697 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80382-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The complete separation of a mixture of seventeen basic drugs of different classes was achieved with capillary zone electrophoresis in 11 min. The migration time reproducibility for individual components was between 0.5 and 1.7% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). Peak detection was achieved by ultraviolet absorption, with peak-area reproducibility ranging from 1.5 to 6.3% R.S.D. The pH of the running buffer was critical in determining the separation of the mixture of basic drugs. The detection of most of these components in urine and plasma is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Chee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon
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Pietta P, Mauri P, Facino RM, Carini M. Analysis of flavonoids by MECC with ultraviolet diode array detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1992; 10:1041-5. [PMID: 1298359 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(91)80116-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Pietta
- Dip. Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sez. Chimica Organica, Milan, Italy
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