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Dobrecky CB, Flor SA, López PG, Wagner ML, Lucangioli SE. Development of a novel dual CD-MEKC system for the systematic flavonoid fingerprinting of Ligaria cuneifolia (R. et P.) Tiegh.-Loranthaceae-extracts. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1292-1300. [PMID: 28090664 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with the development and validation of a novel dual CD-MEKC system for the systematic flavonoid fingerprinting of Ligaria cuneifolia (R. et P.) Tiegh.-Loranthaceae-extracts. The BGE consisted of 20 mM pH 8.3 borate buffer, 50 mM SDS, a dual CD system based on the combination of 5 mM β-CD and 2% w/v S-β-CD, and 10% v/v methanol. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the comparative analysis of extracts from aerial parts and different hosts, geographical areas, and extraction procedures in order to establish the flavonoid fingerprint of L. cuneifolia. The method was validated according to international guidelines. LOD and LOQ, intra and interday precision, and linearity were determined for catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside, and quercetin. The CD-MEKC methodology emerges as a suitable alternative to the traditional HPLC for quality control, fingerprinting, and standardization of L. cuneifolia extracts from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia B Dobrecky
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacobotánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina A Flor
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Química Analítica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Wagner
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacobotánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Lucangioli
- Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang W, Lin P, Ma L, Xu K, Lin X. Separation and determination of flavonoids in three traditional chinese medicines by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1357-62. [PMID: 26829244 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important active ingredients in many traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection was employed to separate and detect eight flavonoids, rutin, quercetrin, quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferide, catechin, apigenin, and luteolin, in a home-made capillary electrophoresis device. Under the separation voltage of 2000 V, the eight flavonoids could be completely separated within 33 min in 18 mM borax running buffer at pH 10.2. Good linear relationships were obtained for all analytes and the detection limits for flavonoids ranged from 0.46 to 0.85 μM. Then, the method was applied to separate and determine the flavonoids in three traditional Chinese medicines, hippophae rhamnoides, hypericum perforatum, and cacumen platycladi. Finally, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, and quercetrin were discovered in these medicines and the concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 9.94 mg/g. The recoveries of flavonoids ranged from 84.7 to 113%, which showed the high reliability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lin
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Xu
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Lin
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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Simultaneous determination of flavonoid analogs in Scutellariae Barbatae Herba by β-cyclodextrin and acetonitrile modified capillary zone electrophoresis. Talanta 2013; 105:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nicolaou IN, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Analysis of polyphenols using capillary zone electrophoresis - Determination of the most effective wine sample pre-treatment method. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3895-902. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ma B, Zhou X, Wang G, Huang H, Dai Z, Qin J, Lin B. Integrated isotachophoretic preconcentration with zone electrophoresis separation on a quartz microchip for UV detection of flavonoids. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4904-9. [PMID: 17117378 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A quartz microchip integrated isotachophoretic (ITP) preconcentration with zone electrophoresis (ZE) separation was fabricated using a novel multi-point pressure method featured in normal temperature and lower pressure during bonding process. ITP followed by subsequential ZE of two flavonoids, quercetin and isorhamnetin on the microchip was performed consecutively on the homemade microfluidic workstation with UV detection, resulting in a decreased detectable concentration of 32-fold, compared to the ZE mode only, and their detection limits decreased down to 0.2 microg/mL and 1.2 microg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
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Liang HR, Vuorela H, Vuorela P, Hiltunen R, Riekkola ML. The Statistical Evaluation of Migration Parameters of Flavonoids in Capillary Electrophoresis with Reference to Structural Descriptors. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808005846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rui Liang
- a Pharmacognosy Division Department of Pharmacy , P.O. Box 56 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland
| | - Heikki Vuorela
- a Pharmacognosy Division Department of Pharmacy , P.O. Box 56 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland
| | - Pia Vuorela
- a Pharmacognosy Division Department of Pharmacy , P.O. Box 56 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland
| | - Raimo Hiltunen
- a Pharmacognosy Division Department of Pharmacy , P.O. Box 56 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- b Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 55 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland
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Prasain JK, Wang CC, Barnes S. Mass spectrometric methods for the determination of flavonoids in biological samples. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37:1324-50. [PMID: 15454273 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an ever-increasing interest in the biological effects of the bioflavonoids, members of the large group of plant polyphenols. Because of the aromatic character of these compounds, they have been analyzed by several chromatographic methods. In the case of high-performance liquid chromatography, they are readily detected by their ultraviolet absorbance or electrochemical properties. More evidence that the bioflavonoids undergo extensive metabolism during uptake from the gut and distribution around the body and in specific tissues is accumulating. In addition, free radical products at sites of inflammatory processes react with bioflavonoids and their metabolites, generating important new compounds of as yet unknown properties. For these reasons, careful examination of the chemical nature of bioflavonoids and their products in biological systems is absolutely required. Combination of mass spectrometry with the various chromatographic methods has proved to be highly successful in this regard. This review of the literature on the bioflavonoids is focused on the methods that are currently available for their qualitative and quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry and covers the period 2001-2003. Emphasis is placed on the description and value of existing methods, followed by an examination of emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan K Prasain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Wang CC, Prasain JK, Barnes S. Review of the methods used in the determination of phytoestrogens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 777:3-28. [PMID: 12270197 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in analytical methods for plant estrogens (phytoestrogens) has risen sharply in the past 10 years. In this review, we examine the existing analytical methods based on separations by gas-liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in addition to methods of detection by ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence, electrochemical oxidation/reduction and mass spectrometry. These methods are compared with other methods of phytoestrogen analysis utilizing immunoassay approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are highlighted and potential areas for further development identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Bloor
- Industrial Research Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Wright LP, Aucamp JP, Apostolides Z. Analysis of black tea theaflavins by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2001; 919:205-13. [PMID: 11459305 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study a new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed to quantify the four major theaflavins occurring in black tea. Where aqueous based CE methods showed poor selectivity and considerable band broadening, non-aqueous CE achieved baseline separation of the theaflavins within 10 min. The effects of the organic solvent composition and background electrolyte concentration on the separation selectivity and electrophoretic mobilities were investigated. Our optimized separation solution consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-acetic acid (71:25:4, v/v) and 90 mM ammonium acetate. This method was used to analyze three black tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Hua L, Peng Z, Chia LS, Goh NK, Tan SN. Separation of kaempferols in Impatients balsamina flowers by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 2001; 909:297-303. [PMID: 11269529 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with wall-jet amperometric detection was used to detect kaempferol and its derivatives kaempferol-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucosylrhamnoside and kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl)glucoside. The influence of buffer pH on separation was investigated and optimized. With a phosphate buffer at pH 7.5, nearly complete separation of the four kaempferols was achieved according to their different electrophoretic mobilities. The detection potential was also evaluated and optimized. At detection potential of +0.80 V vs. saturated calomel electrode, an amperometric response with high sensitivity and stability was obtained for these four compounds. Detection limit estimated for all the kaempferols examined was less than 1.4 fmol, based on S/N=3. The use of this method for the separation and detection of these compounds present in balsam flowers (Impatiens balsamina) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hua
- Academic Group of Natural Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Akiyama T, Yamada T, Maitani T. Analysis of enzymatically glucosylated flavonoids by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2000; 895:279-83. [PMID: 11105872 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HPCE with UV detection was applied to the analyses of enzymatically glucosylated flavonoids, which are used as natural food additives in Japan. Four items, which have flavonol or flavanone as aglycone, were analyzed. Each of these items is a mixture of glycosides with various lengths of maltooligosaccharide chain. On capillary zone electrophoresis with an untreated fused-silica capillary at alkaline pH, glycosides with longer sugar chains migrated more rapidly. Flavonol glycosides with 1-13 glucose units were distinguished with the borate buffer (pH 10.0). Flavanone glycosides needed higher pH values for good separation than flavonol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Optimization of the separation of flavonoids by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: Effect of organic solvents. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pérez ML, Corbella R, González G, García Montelongo FJ. Optimization of the separation of phenolic compounds by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 871:427-38. [PMID: 10735323 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A group of phenolic compounds including phenolic aldehydes, acids and flavonoids are separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECC). The influence of buffer (concentration and pH), concentration of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and applied voltage were studied. To increase the selectivity of the separation and the resolution of the solutes organic solvents are added to the separation buffer, the best results were obtained when methanol was used at lower percentages. An optimized buffer (150 mM boric acid (pH 8.5)-50 mM SDS-5% methanol) provides the optimum separation with regard to resolution and migration time. This method was applied to the determination of these compounds in wine samples with good results.
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Kreft S, Knapp M, Kreft I. Extraction of rutin from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) seeds and determination by capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:4649-4652. [PMID: 10552865 DOI: 10.1021/jf990186p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The content of the flavonoid rutin was determined in different milling fractions of buckwheat seeds and in buckwheat stems, leaves, and flowers. The extraction was performed by using a solvent containing 60% of ethanol and 5% of ammonia in water. The extracts were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (running buffer of 50 mM borate (pH 9.3), 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate; determination at 380 nm). In bran fractions the concentration of rutin was 131-476 ppm, and in flour fractions 19-168 ppm. On average, about 300, 1000, and 46000 ppm of rutin were found in leaves, stems, and flowers, respectively. The results indicate that buckwheat could be an important nutritional source of flavonoids, especially in countries with a low mean daily flavonoid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Garrison AW, Freitag D, Kettrup A. Influence of Borate Buffers on the Electrophoretic Behavior of Humic Substances in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ac971223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ph. Schmitt-Kopplin
- GSFNational Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720
| | - N. Hertkorn
- GSFNational Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720
| | - A. W. Garrison
- GSFNational Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720
| | - D. Freitag
- GSFNational Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720
| | - A. Kettrup
- GSFNational Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, and National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720
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Liang HR, Vuorela H, Vuorela P, Riekkola ML, Hiltunen R. Prediction of migration behaviour of flavonoids in capillary zone electrophoresis by means of topological indices. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Larger P, Jones A, Dacombe C. Separation of tea polyphenols using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Morin P, Archambault J, André P, Dreux M, Gaydou E. Separation of hydroxylated and methoxylated flavonoids by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography were used for the separation of widely different compounds from natural materials including antibiotics, humic substances, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, illicit drugs, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, Chinese herbal preparations, nicotine, caffeine, amphetamines, toxins such as aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, mycotoxins, heptapeptide toxins and others, ephedrine compounds, mineral elements, and natural compounds in biological samples. A discussion of sample extraction and clean-up and the advantages of using CE is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Issaq
- SAIC Frederick, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.
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