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Elpidina EN, Semashko TA, Smirnova YA, Dvoryakova EA, Dunaevsky YE, Belozersky MA, Serebryakova MV, Klyachko EV, Abd El-Latif AO, Oppert B, Filippova IY. Direct detection of cysteine peptidases for MALDI-TOF MS analysis using fluorogenic substrates. Anal Biochem 2018; 567:45-50. [PMID: 30528915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the direct detection of unstable cysteine peptidase activity in polyacrylamide gels after native electrophoresis using new selective fluorogenic peptide substrates, pyroglutamyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-4-amino-7-methylcoumaride (Glp-Phe-Ala-AMC) and pyroglutamyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-4-amino-7-trifluoromethyl-coumaride (Glp-Phe-Ala-AFC). The detection limit of the model enzyme papain was 17 pmol (0.29 μg) for Glp-Phe-Ala-AMC and 43 pmol (0.74 μg) for Glp-Phe-Ala-AFC, with increased sensitivity and selectivity compared to the traditional method of protein determination with Coomassie G-250 staining or detection of activity using chromogenic substrates. Using this method, we easily identified the target digestive peptidases of Tenebrio molitor larvae by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. The method offers simplicity, high sensitivity, and selectivity compared to traditional methods for improved identification of unstable cysteine peptidases in multi-component biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Elpidina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Semashko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yulia A Smirnova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena A Dvoryakova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yakov E Dunaevsky
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Belozersky
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V Klyachko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Ashraf O Abd El-Latif
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Brenda Oppert
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA.
| | - Irina Y Filippova
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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2
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Takehara H, Ohta Y, Motoyama M, Haruta M, Nagasaki M, Takehara H, Noda T, Sasagawa K, Tokuda T, Ohta J. Intravital fluorescence imaging of mouse brain using implantable semiconductor devices and epi-illumination of biological tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1553-1564. [PMID: 26137364 PMCID: PMC4467724 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of the fluorescence imaging method to living animals, together with the use of genetically engineered animals and synthesized photo-responsive compounds, is a powerful method for investigating brain functions. Here, we report a fluorescence imaging method for the brain surface and deep brain tissue that uses compact and mass-producible semiconductor imaging devices based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. An image sensor chip was designed to be inserted into brain tissue, and its size was 1500 × 450 μm. Sample illumination is also a key issue for intravital fluorescence imaging. Hence, for the uniform illumination of the imaging area, we propose a new method involving the epi-illumination of living biological tissues, and we performed investigations using optical simulations and experimental evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takehara
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Mayumi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Makito Haruta
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Mizuki Nagasaki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Hironari Takehara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Toshihiko Noda
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Takashi Tokuda
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192,
Japan
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3
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Dutta S, Bhattacharyya D. Reverse Zymography Alone does not Confirm Presence of a Protease Inhibitor. Protein J 2013; 32:155-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Taiyoji M, Shitomi Y, Taniguchi M, Saitoh E, Ohtsubo S. Identification of Proteinaceous Inhibitors of a Cysteine Proteinase (an Arg-Specific Gingipain) from Porphyromonas gingivalis in Rice Grain, Using Targeted-Proteomics Approaches. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:5165-74. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900519z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Taiyoji
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Venture Business Laboratory, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, and Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shitomi
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Venture Business Laboratory, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, and Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Masayuki Taniguchi
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Venture Business Laboratory, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, and Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Eiichi Saitoh
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Venture Business Laboratory, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, and Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Sadami Ohtsubo
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Venture Business Laboratory, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, and Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
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5
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Cheng XC, Fang H, Xu WF. Advances in assays of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:154-67. [PMID: 18343899 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701511292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. To assay the activities of MMPs is important in diagnosis and therapy of the MMPs associated diseases, such as neoplastic, rheumatic and cardiovascular diseases. Several assay systems have been developed, which include bioassay, zymography assay, immunoassay, fluorimetric assay, radio isotopic assay, phage-displayed assay, multiple-enzyme/multiple-reagent assay and activity-based profiling assay. The principle, application, advantage and disadvantage of these assays have been reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chao Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Liu S, Wang H, Song M, Yin J, Jiang G. Study of protein binding and micellar partition of highly hydrophobic molecules in a single system using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3038-46. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Yoshida D, Nomura R, Teramoto A. Regulation of cell invasion and signalling pathways in the pituitary adenoma cell line, HP-75, by reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK). J Neurooncol 2008; 89:141-50. [PMID: 18493720 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Degradation and remodelling of the extracellular matrix has been investigated, with the main focus on the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). Recent reports disclose the presence of a novel MMP-inhibiting cell membrane-anchored glycoprotein designated 'reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs' (RECK). Our main aim in this study was to elucidate the role of RECK in cell invasion of pituitary adenomas and its contribution to signal transduction. The function of RECK in cell invasion was investigated by comparing data obtained from full-length RECK clone transfection and gene silencing with RECK mRNA-targeting siRNA. RECK expression was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9) and TIMP-1 were measured by zymography and reverse zymography, respectively. Cell invasion was examined with a 3-D invasion assay. The signal cascade was investigated by cDNA microarray analysis. As expected, expression of RECK was elevated upon cDNA transfection, and diminished using siRNA. We observed elevation of MMP-2 and -9 expression and consequent 3-D cell invasion in cells under-expressing RECK. However, TIMP expression was not affected by RECK. Analysis with cDNA microarray revealed that RECK additionally upregulates growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) and latrophilin 2 at the transcriptional level. Our findings collectively suggest that RECK regulates the cell signalling pathway, playing a critical neuroendocrinological role in the pituitary adenoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizo Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
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Saitoh E, Yamamoto S, Okamoto E, Hayakawa Y, Hoshino T, Sato R, Isemura S, Ohtsubo S, Taniguchi M. Identification of Cysteine Proteases and Screening of Cysteine Protease Inhibitors in Biological Samples by a Two-Dimensional Gel System of Zymography and Reverse Zymography. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2007. [DOI: 10.4137/117739010700200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a two-dimensional (2D-) gel system of zymography and reverse zymography for the detection and characterization of proteases and protease inhibitors. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) agarose gels with pH gradients were employed for separation in the first-dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with gelatin used for the second dimension. Proteases and protease inhibitors separated by IEF gel were applied on the second gel without trichloroacetic acid (TCA) fixation. Protease activity in the 2D-gel was visualized as transparent spots where gelatin substrate was digested after commassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining. Some of the transparent spots from the skin mucus extract of rainbow trout were determined to be a cysteine protease through use of E-64 or CA-074. In the reverse zymography technique, the gel was incubated with papain solution at 37°C for 18 h. Cysteine protease inhibitors from broad bean seeds were detected as clear blue spots after CBB staining. The amino (N-) terminal sequences of four papain inhibitor spots thus detected were demonstrated to be identical to that of favin β chain, a broad bean lectin. Taken together, our system can be considered to be an efficient technique for discovering and characterizing new proteases and protease inhibitors in biological samples. This is the first report describing a 2D-gel system of zymography and reverse zymography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Saitoh
- Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Eishiro Okamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Hoshino
- Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Sato
- The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Satoko Isemura
- The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Sadami Ohtsubo
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381
| | - Masayuki Taniguchi
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
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9
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Okumura Y, Hayama M, Takahashi E, Fujiuchi M, Shimabukuro A, Yano M, Kido H. Serase-1B, a new splice variant of polyserase-1/TMPRSS9, activates urokinase-type plasminogen activator and the proteolytic activation is negatively regulated by glycosaminoglycans. Biochem J 2006; 400:551-61. [PMID: 16872279 PMCID: PMC1698595 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyserase-1 (polyserine protease-1)/TMPRSS9 (transmembrane serine protease 9) is a type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) that possesses unique three tandem serine protease domains. However, the physiological function of each protease domain remains poorly understood. We discovered a new splice variant of polyserase-1, termed Serase-1B, which contains 34 extra amino acids consisting a SEA module (a domain found in sea urchin sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin) adjacent to the transmembrane domain and the first protease domain with a mucin-like box at the C-terminus. The tissue distribution of this enzyme by RT (reverse transcription)-PCR analysis revealed high expression in the liver, small intestine, pancreas, testis and peripheral blood CD14+ and CD8+ cells. To investigate the role of Serase-1B, a full-length form recombinant protein was produced. Interestingly, recombinant Serase-1B was partly secreted as a soluble inactive precursor and it was also activated by trypsin. This activated enzyme selectively cleaved synthetic peptides for trypsin and activated protein C, and it was inhibited by several natural serine protease inhibitors, such as aprotinin, alpha2-antiplasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. In addition, Serase-1B efficiently converted pro-uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) into active uPA and this activation was strongly inhibited by these natural inhibitors. Furthermore, this activation was also negatively regulated by glycosaminoglycans. Our results indicate that Serase-1B is a novel member of TTSPs that might be involved in uPA/plasmin-mediated proteolysis and possibly implicated in biological events such as fibrinolysis and tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuushi Okumura
- *Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayama
- *Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- †Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- ‡Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokushima, 2-50-1 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Etsuhisa Takahashi
- *Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mieko Fujiuchi
- *Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Aki Shimabukuro
- *Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mihiro Yano
- *Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- *Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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10
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Katunuma N, Le QT, Murata E, Matsui A, Majima E, Ishimaru N, Hayashi Y, Ohashi A. A novel apoptosis cascade mediated by lysosomal lactoferrin and its participation in hepatocyte apoptosis induced by D-galactosamine. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3699-705. [PMID: 16765951 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new apoptosis cascade mediated by lysosomal lactoferrin was found in apoptotic liver induced by d-galactosamine. Caspase-3 and lactoferrin were increased in the apoptotic liver cytoplasm and serum transaminases were elevated. Recombinant lactoferrin stimulated procaspase-3 processing at 10(-6)-10(-7)M to an extent similar to that by granzyme B in vitro. Lactoferrin changed procaspase-3 structure susceptible to the processing. Synthetic peptide Y(679)-K(695) in lactoferrin molecule inhibited the processing of procaspase-3 by lactoferrin. Lactoferrin in lysosomes was decreased and lactoferrin released into cytoplasm was increased quantitatively in d-galactosamine induced apoptotic liver, and procaspase-3 in cytoplasm was processed to caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Katunuma
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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Katunuma N, Le QT, Miyauchi R, Hirose S. Double-layer fluorescent zymography for processing protease detection. Anal Biochem 2005; 347:208-12. [PMID: 16289080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel double-layer zymographic method for the detection of specific processing proteases of a target proprotease using a specific fluorescent substrate. The target processing proteases were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the gel was subsequently incubated with the target proenzyme used as the substrate. A cellulose acetate membrane was immersed in 10% glycerol and then soaked in the fluorescent substrate solution. The slab gel of the processing protease was covered with the fluorescent substrate membrane, making a double layer. The double layer was incubated at 37 degrees C, and the released fluorescent band, in which the processing protease was located, was detected using UV light. The advantages of the double-layer fluorescent zymographic method are as follows: (i) the specific detection of target proprotease using a specific substrate, (ii) a relatively rapid and sensitive method, (iii) effective detection using small amounts of crude material, and (iv) wide applications that include the detection of processing proteases and activators for target proteases. Typical examples used for the detection of the processing proteases, such as plasminogen activator, chymotrypsinogen activator, procaspase-3 processing protease and caspase-3 activators, using this new method are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Katunuma
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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