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Gstöttner C, Hook M, Christopeit T, Knaupp A, Schlothauer T, Reusch D, Haberger M, Wuhrer M, Domínguez-Vega E. Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry as a Tool to Unravel Proteoform-Specific Antibody-Receptor Interactions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15133-15141. [PMID: 34739220 PMCID: PMC8600502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) pharmaceuticals consist of a plethora of different proteoforms with different functional characteristics, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, requiring their individual assessment. Current binding techniques do not distinguish between coexisting proteoforms requiring tedious production of enriched proteoforms. Here, we have developed an approach based on mobility shift-affinity capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (ACE-MS), which permitted us to determine the binding of coexisting mAb proteoforms to Fc receptors (FcRs). For high-sensitivity MS analysis, we used a sheathless interface providing adequate mAb sensitivity allowing functional characterization of mAbs with a high sensitivity and dynamic range. As a model system, we focused on the interaction with the neonatal FcR (FcRn), which determines the half-life of mAbs. Depending on the oxidation status, proteoforms exhibited different electrophoretic mobility shifts in the presence of FcRn, which could be used to determine their affinity. We confirmed the decrease of the FcRn affinity with antibody oxidation and observed a minor glycosylation effect, with higher affinities for galactosylated glycoforms. Next to relative binding, the approach permits the determination of individual KD values in solution resulting in values of 422 and 139 nM for double-oxidized and non-oxidized variants. Hyphenation with native MS provides unique capabilities for simultaneous heterogeneity assessment for mAbs, FcRn, and complexes formed. The latter provides information on binding stoichiometry revealing 1:1 and 1:2 for antibody/FcRn complexes. The use of differently engineered Fc-only constructs allowed distinguishing between symmetric and asymmetric binding. The approach opens up unique possibilities for proteoform-resolved antibody binding studies to FcRn and can be extended to other FcRs and protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gstöttner
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Hook
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Tony Christopeit
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Alexander Knaupp
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Markus Haberger
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
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Nevídalová H, Michalcová L, Glatz Z. Capillary electrophoresis-based approaches for the study of affinity interactions combined with various sensitive and nontraditional detection techniques. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:625-642. [PMID: 30600537 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all processes in living organisms are controlled and regulated by the synergy of many biomolecule interactions involving proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, nucleotides, saccharides, and small molecular weight ligands. There is growing interest in understanding them, not only for the purposes of interactomics as an essential part of system biology, but also in their further elucidation in disease pathology, diagnostics, and treatment. The necessity of detailed investigation of these interactions leads to the requirement of laboratory methods characterized by high efficiency and sensitivity. As a result, many instrumental approaches differing in their fundamental principles have been developed, including those based on capillary electrophoresis. Although capillary electrophoresis offers numerous advantages for such studies, it still has one serious limitation, its poor concentration sensitivity with the most commonly used detection method-ultraviolet-visible spectrometry. However, coupling capillary electrophoresis with a more sensitive detector fulfils the above-mentioned requirement. In this review, capillary electrophoresis combined with fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and several nontraditional detection techniques in affinity interaction studies are summarized and discussed, together with the possibility of conducting these measurements in microchip format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nevídalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Michalcová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The present review covers recent advances and important applications of affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). It provides an overview about various ACE types, including ACE-MS, the multiple injection mode, the use of microchips and field-amplified sample injection-ACE. The most common scenarios of the studied affinity interactions are protein-drug, protein-metal ion, protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-drug, peptide-peptide, DNA-drug and antigen-antibody. Approaches for the improvements of ACE in term of precision, rinsing protocols and sensitivity are discussed. The combined use of computer simulation programs to support data evaluation is presented. In conclusion, the performance of ACE is compared with other techniques such as equilibrium dialysis, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, high-performance affinity chromatography as well as surface plasmon resonance, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence, MS and isothermal titration calorimetry.
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Domínguez-Vega E, Haselberg R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Simultaneous Assessment of Protein Heterogeneity and Affinity by Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Domínguez-Vega
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan
1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Haselberg
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan
1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. W. Somsen
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan
1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. J. de Jong
- Biomolecular
Analysis, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Asensi-Bernardi L, Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Characterizing the interaction between enantiomers of eight psychoactive drugs and highly sulfated-β-cyclodextrin by counter-current capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:120-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Asensi-Bernardi
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot; Valencia Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Martín-Biosca
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot; Valencia Spain
| | - Salvador Sagrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot; Valencia Spain
- Centro Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico; Unidad mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - Universidad de Valencia; Valencia Spain
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Vuignier K, Veuthey JL, Carrupt PA, Schappler J. Characterization of drug-protein interactions by capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3306-15. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vuignier K, Schappler J, Veuthey JL, Carrupt PA, Martel S. Drug-protein binding: a critical review of analytical tools. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:53-66. [PMID: 20454782 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The extent of drug binding to plasma proteins, determined by measuring the free active fraction, has a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. It is therefore highly important to estimate drug-binding ability to these macromolecules in the early stages of drug discovery and in clinical practice. Traditionally, equilibrium dialysis is used, and is presented as the reference method, but it suffers from many drawbacks. In an attempt to circumvent these, a vast array of different methods has been developed. This review focuses on the most important approaches used to characterize drug-protein binding. A description of the principle of each method with its inherent strengths and weaknesses is outlined. The binding affinity ranges, information accessibility, material consumption, and throughput are compared for each method. Finally, a discussion is included to help users choose the most suitable approach from among the wealth of methods presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Vuignier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai E-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Chen Z, Weber SG. Determination of binding constants by affinity capillary electrophoresis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and phase-distribution methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2008; 27:738-748. [PMID: 19802330 PMCID: PMC2600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many methods for determining intermolecular interactions have been described in the literature in the past several decades. Chief among them are methods based on spectroscopic changes, particularly those based on absorption or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [especially proton NMR ((1)H NMR)]. Recently, there have been put forward several new methods that are particularly adaptable, use very small quantities of material, and do not place severe requirements on the spectroscopic properties of the binding partners. This review covers new developments in affinity capillary electrophoresis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and phasetransfer methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Gaspar A, Englmann M, Fekete A, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Trends in CE-MS 2005–2006. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:66-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dribek M, Le Potier I, Rodrigues A, Pallandre A, Fattal E, Taverna M. Determination of binding constants of vasoactive intestinal peptide to poly(amidoamine) dendrimers designed for drug delivery using ACE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2191-200. [PMID: 17557362 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper was to study at physiological pH the affinity between vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and four poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) designed for drug delivery. Therefore, a fast and reproducible CE method was first developed to analyze the strongly basic peptide. To allow an accurate determination of binding constant (K) values, the ability to suppress peptide adsorption onto the silica capillary of nonpermanent coatings (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), low and medium relative molecular masses poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)) or poly(acrylamide) permanent coating (PAA) was evaluated. Very good intraday repeatability of VIP migration times and peak areas (0.1-0.6 and 2.9-4.9% RSD, respectively) was obtained using two of the investigated coatings (PEO and PDDA with medium molecular mass). ACE combined with these dynamic coatings was then employed to evaluate K between VIP and two amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimers of generation 2 and 5 (G2.NH2, G5.NH2) and two carboxyl-terminated PAMAM derivatives of generation 2 and 5 (G2.COOH, G5.COOH). Binding constant of (6.7 +/- 1.1) x 10(4)/M could be determined for the couple VIP/G5.NH2, while no affinity was evidenced between VIP and all other dendrimers investigated. These results suggest that G5.NH2 might be an interesting carrier for the delivery of VIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dribek
- University of Paris-Sud, Group of Proteins and Nanotechnologies in Separation Sciences, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Abstract
Systems biology depends on a comprehensive assignment and characterization of the interactions of proteins and polypeptides (functional proteomics) and of other classes of biomolecules in a given organism. High‐capacity screening methods are in place for ligand capture and interaction screening, but a detailed dynamic characterization of molecular interactions under physiological conditions in efficiently separated mixtures with minimal sample consumption is presently provided only by electrophoretic interaction analysis in capillaries, affinity CE (ACE). This has been realized in different fields of biology and analytical chemistry, and the resulting advances and uses of ACE during the last 2.5 years are covered in this review. Dealing with anything from small divalent metal ions to large supramolecular assemblies, the applications of ACE span from low‐affinity binding of broad specificity being exploited in optimizing selectivity, e.g., in enantiomer analysis to miniaturized affinity technologies, e.g., for fast processing immunoassay. Also, approaches that provide detailed quantitative characterization of analyte–ligand interaction for drug, immunoassay, and aptamer development are increasingly important, but various approaches to ACE are more and more generally applied in biological research. In addition, the present overview emphasizes that distinct challenges regarding sensitivity, parallel processing, information‐rich detection, interfacing with MS, analyte recovery, and preparative capabilities remain. This will be addressed by future technological improvements that will ensure continuing new applications of ACE in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schou
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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