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Xing H, Xia H, Fan Y, Xue Y, Peng C, Ren J, Li J, Wang E. A Solid‐State Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Based on Novel Two‐Dimensional Ti
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MXene. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Hongyin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics: Possibilities and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:159-178. [PMID: 34628632 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a very useful analytical technique for the selective and highly efficient profiling of polar and charged metabolites in a wide range of biological samples. Compared to other analytical techniques, the use of CE-MS in metabolomics is relatively low as the approach is still regarded as technically challenging and not reproducible. In this chapter, the possibilities of CE-MS for metabolomics are highlighted with special emphasis on the use of recently developed interfacing designs. The utility of CE-MS for targeted and untargeted metabolomics studies is demonstrated by discussing representative and recent examples in the biomedical and clinical fields. The potential of CE-MS for large-scale and quantitative metabolomics studies is also addressed. Finally, some general conclusions and perspectives are given on this strong analytical separation technique for probing the polar metabolome.
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Electromembrane Extraction of Highly Polar Compounds: Analysis of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Plasma. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010004. [PMID: 31861366 PMCID: PMC7022788 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major concern in today’s society, with more than 17.5 million deaths reported annually worldwide. Recently, five metabolites related to the gut metabolism of phospholipids were identified as promising predictive biomarker candidates for CVD. Validation of those biomarker candidates is crucial for applications to the clinic, showing the need for high-throughput analysis of large numbers of samples. These five compounds, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline, betaine, l-carnitine, and deoxy-l-carnitine (4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid), are highly polar compounds and show poor retention on conventional reversed phase chromatography, which can lead to strong matrix effects when using mass spectrometry detection, especially when high-throughput analysis approaches are used with limited separation of analytes from interferences. In order to reduce the potential matrix effects, we propose a novel fast parallel electromembrane extraction (Pa-EME) method for the analysis of these metabolites in plasma samples. The evaluation of Pa-EME parameters was performed using multi segment injection–capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). Recoveries up to 100% were achieved, with variability as low as 2%. Overall, this study highlights the necessity of protein precipitation prior to EME for the extraction of highly polar compounds. The developed Pa-EME method was evaluated in terms of concentration range and response function, as well as matrix effects using fast-LC-MS/MS. Finally, the developed workflow was compared to conventional sample pre-treatment, i.e., protein precipitation using methanol, and fast-LC-MS/MS. Data show very strong correlations between both workflows, highlighting the great potential of Pa-EME for high-throughput biological applications.
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Assessment of nitrate, nitrite, bromate and bromide levels in beer from different styles and origins. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Delplanques T, Boulahjar R, Charton J, Houze C, Howsam M, Servais AC, Fillet M, Lipka E. Single and dual cyclodextrins systems for the enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric separations of structurally related dihydropyridone analogues. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1922-1931. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Delplanques
- Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille; Université de Lille; Lille France
| | - Rajaa Boulahjar
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems; Université de Lille; Lille France
| | - Julie Charton
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems; Université de Lille; Lille France
| | - Corentin Houze
- Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille; Université de Lille; Lille France
| | - Michael Howsam
- Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Faculté de Médecine de Lille; Université de Lille; Lille France
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM); University of Liège; Liege Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM); University of Liège; Liege Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille; Université de Lille; Lille France
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Separation window dependent multiple injection (SWDMI) for large scale analysis of therapeutic antibody N -glycans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:367-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Valese AC, Spudeit DA, Dolzan MD, Bretanha LC, Vitali L, Micke GA. High-Throughput Analysis of Lidocaine in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Multiple Injections in a Single Run. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:4126810. [PMID: 27069712 PMCID: PMC4812394 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4126810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a subminute separation method by capillary zone electrophoresis in an uncoated capillary using multiple injection procedure for the determination of lidocaine in samples of pharmaceutical formulations. The separation was performed in less than a minute leading to doing four injections in a single run. The cathodic electroosmotic flow contributed to reducing the analyses time. The background electrolyte was composed of 20 mmol L(-1) 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol and 40 mmol L(-1) 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid at pH 6.1. The internal standard used was benzylamine. Separations were performed in a fused uncoated silica capillary (32 cm total length, 23.5 cm effective length, and 50 μm internal diameter) with direct UV detection at 200 nm. Samples and standards were injected hydrodynamically using 40 mbar/3 s interspersed with spacer electrolyte using 40 mbar/7 s. The electrophoretic system was operated under constant voltage of 30 kV with positive polarity on the injection side. The evaluation of some analytical parameters of the method showed good linearity (r (2) > 0.999), a limit of detection 0.92 mg L(-1), intermediate precision better than 3.2% (peak area), and recovery in the range of 92-102%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa C. Valese
- Department of Food Science Technologies, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Spudeit
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maressa D. Dolzan
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lizandra C. Bretanha
- Department of Food Science Technologies, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Vistuba JP, Dolzan MD, Vitali L, de Oliveira MAL, Micke GA. Sub-minute method for simultaneous determination of aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame-K and saccharin in food and pharmaceutical samples by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:148-52. [PMID: 25895731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a sub-minute separation method by capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame-K and saccharin in food products and pharmaceutical samples. Separations were performed in a fused uncoated silica capillary with UV detection at 220nm. Samples and standards were injected hydrodynamically using the short-end injection procedure. The electrophoretic system was operated under constant voltage of -30kV. The background electrolyte was composed of 45mmolL(-1) 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol and 15mmolL(-1) benzoic acid at pH 8.4. The separation time for all analytes was less than 1min. Evaluation of analytical parameters of the method showed good linearity (r(2)>0.9972), limit of detection of 3.3-6.4mgL(-1), intermediate precision better than 9.75% (peak area of sample) and recovery in the range of 91-117%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciano Vitali
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Lipka E, Landagaray E, Ettaoussi M, Yous S, Vaccher C. Enhanced detection for determination of enantiomeric purity of novel agomelatine analogs by EKC using single and dual cyclodextrin systems. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2785-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saïd Yous
- Univ. Lille Nord de France, UDSL; Lille France
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Tůma P, Opekar F, Samcová E, Štulík K. The use of a multichannel capillary for electrophoretic separations of mixtures of clinically important substances with contactless conductivity and UV photometric detection. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2058-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Institute of Biochemistry; Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - František Opekar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Eva Samcová
- Institute of Biochemistry; Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Karel Štulík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
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Glatz Z. Application of short-end injection procedure in CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:631-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science and CEITEC; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
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Tůma P, Opekar F, Samcová E. Very fast electrophoretic separation on commercial instruments using a combination of two capillaries with different internal diameters. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:552-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Institute of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - František Opekar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Eva Samcová
- Institute of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague; Prague; Czech Republic
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Vitali L, Horst BL, Heller M, Fávere VT, Micke GA. Using multiple short-end injections to develop fast electrophoretic separations—Applications in iodide analysis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4586-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nussbaumer S, Fleury-Souverain S, Schappler J, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL, Bonnabry P. Quality control of pharmaceutical formulations containing cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin by micellar and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC, MEEKC). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:253-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A new method to determine biological sample volume by short end multiple injection capillary electrophoresis: Application in determination of nitrate and thiocyanate in human saliva. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Simultaneous quantification of ten cytotoxic drugs by a validated LC–ESI–MS/MS method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:3033-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Determination of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in total parenteral nutrition formulations by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:130-6. [PMID: 20172679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple method based on capillary electrophoresis with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (CE-C(4)D) was developed for the determination of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in parenteral nutrition formulations. A hydro-organic mixture, consisting of 100 mM Tris-acetate buffer at pH 4.5 and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v), was selected as the background electrolyte. The applied voltage was 30 kV, and sample injection was performed in hydrodynamic mode. All analyses were carried out in a fused silica capillary with an internal diameter of 50 microm and a total length of 64.5 cm. Under these conditions, complete separation between all cations was achieved in less than 4 min. The CE-C(4)D method was validated, and trueness values between 98.6% and 101.8% were obtained with repeatability and intermediate precision values of 0.4-1.3% and 0.8-1.8%, respectively. Therefore, this method was found to be appropriate for controlling potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in parenteral nutrition formulations and successfully applied in daily quality control at the Geneva University Hospitals.
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Opekar F, Coufal P, Štulík K. Rapid Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Along Short Separation Pathways and Its Use in Some Hyphenated Systems: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4487-99. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- František Opekar
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufal
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Štulík
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Nussbaumer S, Fleury-Souverain S, Rudaz S, Bonnabry P, Veuthey JL. Determination of suxamethonium in a pharmaceutical formulation by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:333-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5 Role of CE in drug substance and drug product development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Nemec T, Glatz Z. Integration of short-end injection mode into electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:206-13. [PMID: 17292907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of integration of the short-end injection mode in the EMMA methodology is demonstrated in this work on the kinetic studies of haloalkane dehalogenase and rhodanese enzymatic reactions. The essential validations of the EMMA methods combined with the short-end and long-end injection modes were performed first to confirm their accuracy. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of both approaches such as repeatabilities of migration times and peak areas, limits of detection and correlation coefficients were in acceptable ranges. In addition, estimated Michaelis constants for the corresponding substrate(s) were comparable being in accordance with previous literature data. Moreover, the ping-pong reaction mechanism of rhodanese reaction was confirmed by means of both injection modes. This combination thus preserves the benefits of these instrumental approaches. Whereas the short-end injection procedure brought 5-6.5 times reduction of the analysis time and 2.5-4 times increase of the sensitivity, the EMMA methodology allowed full automatization of the assays while the whole kinetic studies needed only 20 microl of corresponding enzyme preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Nemec
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ramstad T, Mills KA, Walker GA. Determination of the Enantiomeric Purity of a CNS Agent, Sumanirole, by Electrokinetic Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600716785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Ramstad
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Pfizer Corp. , Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent A. Mills
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Pfizer Corp. , Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Gustavus A. Walker
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Pfizer Corp. , Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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Chik Z, Johnston A, Tucker AT, Burn RT, Perrett D. Validation and application of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of lidocaine in a skin tape stripping study. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:775-9. [PMID: 17497758 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A fast and simple capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed and validated for the determination of lidocaine in skin using tape samples. Separation was performed in a 350 mm (265 mm to window) x 50 microm i.d. fused silica capillary using a background electrolyte of phosphoric acid-Tris pH 2.5. The extraction of lidocaine from tape samples was achieved using methanol, which was diluted to 50% with water before injection. Procaine was the internal standard. The migration times for procaine and lidocaine were 2.9 and 3.2 min, respectively. The limit of quantification for lidocaine was 50 microg, with signal to noise ratio greater than 10. The calibration curve was linear from 50 to 1000 microg with r(2) greater than 0.99. The CV for both within- and between-assay imprecision and the percentage of inaccuracy for the quality control samples including lower and upper limits of quantitation were <or=2% and <or=14%, respectively. The absolute recovery of lidocaine was >97%. The accuracy and selectivity of this method allowed the measurement of lidocaine in tape samples obtained from a skin tape stripping study of local anesthetics in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
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Ramstad T. Enantiomeric purity methods for three pharmaceutical compounds by electrokinetic capillary chromatography utilizing highly sulfated-γ-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1127:286-94. [PMID: 16806246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methods for enantiomeric purity by electrokinetic chromatography were developed and validated for three pharmaceutical compounds, each utilizing highly sulfated-gamma-cyclodextrin (HS-gamma-CD) as the chiral recognition agent. Two of the compounds are weak bases, hence charged at low pH, and the third is a quaternary nitrogen compound, charged at all pH. In each instance quantification was via an authentic reference standard with addition of an internal standard. Separation was on a 61 cm x 50 microm untreated capillary under reverse polarity with a background electrolyte of 5% HS-gamma-CD in pH 2.50 lithium phosphate buffer. Each method was validated with respect to the usual validation parameters, notably recovery and precision, yielding results, including limits of detection and quantitation, that allow reporting the minor enantiomer to 0.1% and less. In applying the methods, all batches of bulk drug tested were shown to be of enantiomeric purity > or =99.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Ramstad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Corp., Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
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Ramstad T, Johnson RL. Method for enantiomeric purity of a quinuclidine candidate drug by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2056-64. [PMID: 17017019 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A chiral procedure based on EKC was developed and validated for determination of the enantiomeric purity of PHA-543613, a drug candidate that was under development for treatment of the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Separation of enantiomers is accomplished via differential, enantiospecific complexation with a single-isomer, precisely sulfated beta-CD and heptakis-6-sulfato-beta-CD (HpS-beta-CD). Both neutral and sulfated CDs were screened before selecting HpS-beta-CD as the chiral selector. The separation is conducted in a 61 cm x 50 microm uncoated fused silica capillary with 25 mM HpS-beta-CD in pH 2.50, 25 mM lithium phosphate as the separation buffer with detection at 220 nm. Application of reverse polarity at -30 kV results in an elution time of about 12 min for PHA-543613 and 13 min for the undesired S-enantiomer. Quantification is versus an authentic reference S-enantiomer as an external standard in combination with an internal standard. The procedure was validated over the range 0.1-2.0% w/w. The detection limit is 0.01-0.02%. The amount of distomer intrinsic to the drug substance is about 0.1% or less. The developed method was used to generate stability data on multiple lots: in one case for up to 3 years.
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MESH Headings
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/chemistry
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/isolation & purification
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/standards
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary/methods
- Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary/standards
- Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary/statistics & numerical data
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/standards
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/statistics & numerical data
- Nicotinic Agonists/chemistry
- Nicotinic Agonists/isolation & purification
- Nicotinic Agonists/standards
- Nootropic Agents/chemistry
- Nootropic Agents/isolation & purification
- Nootropic Agents/standards
- Quinuclidines/chemistry
- Quinuclidines/isolation & purification
- Quinuclidines/standards
- Reference Standards
- Stereoisomerism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Ramstad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Corporation, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
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